Contemporary Global Challenges

In the modern world many global challenges show up and we as humans have to solve them. The biggest global challenges:

• Political challenges in modern world.
• Social challenges in the modern world.
• Global economies
• Science, technology, and environment challenges.

The Political challenges in modern world:

1. India and Pakistan

The confilict between those two countrys is because of Kashmir region The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as a dispute over the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and escalated into three wars between India and Pakistan and several other armed skirmishes. India control around 55% while Pakistan controls 30% and china control the remaining 15%

2. The political conflict in middle east

For a long pirod of time and till now middle east a place with huge political problems, firstly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict started when United Kingdom allow the jucsh to build a country for them on the palestinian ground, and till now they still haven’t solve this issue. The Syrian civil war, it all started when an outside super powers support party's in there to make a revolution so when the country was unstable it give them the excuses to interact military and this is happening in other country's like Yemen, Lebanon and Iraq.

3. The conflict between USA and Iran

The conflicts between those country's start when Iran develop nuclear weapons which make united stats uncomfortable. In 2015, the United States led successful negotiations to conclude a nuclear deal aimed at nullifying Iran's nuclear weapons capabilities, and when Iran agreed in 2016, sanctions against Iran were lifted. [14] [15] The Trump administration withdrew from the nuclear deal and reapply the sanctions in 2018. Since that time, relations between the United States and Iran have worsened, and the two countries have approached the conflict in Iraq 2019-2020.

Social challenges in the modern world

Poverty

Poverty is the inability to provide the necessary things or adequate income. Poverty may include social, economic and political elements. Absolute poverty is the complete lack of means to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter. On the other hand, relative poverty occurs when a person cannot afford to provide a lower standard of living, compared to others at the same time and place. Therefore, the threshold by which relative poverty is defined varies from country to country, or from one community to another.

Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes. [1] It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of a war against non-combatants. The terms “terrorist” and “terrorism” arose during the French Revolution in the late eighteenth century [3] but gained great popularity in the 1970s during the conflicts in Northern Ireland, the Basque Country, and Palestine. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards became clear from the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington DC in 2001. Various political organizations have been accused of using terrorism to achieve their goals.

Racism

Racism is the belief that some people have different behaviors and make them feel that they are the supreme race. It may also mean bias, discrimination or hostility directed against others because they are of a different race or ethnicity.

Drugs

Many people is using drugs and some of them are addicted to it due to a depression happened to him . the problems happened because of the addiction to it is using money on unhelpful things and it cost the government a lot of money to help the addicted people.

Child abuse

Child abuse or child abuse is physical, sexual, and / or psychological abuse or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to the child, and may occur in the child’s home, or in organizations, schools, or communities with which the child interacts.

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Global economies

All the economies of the world that we together see as one economic system. Simply put, it is a giant entity. The global trade and industry system also appeared because of globalization. In other words, the way in which countries' economies develop to work collectively as one system. Many rise and depression of the world economy in the past 100 years. You can see in the figure that many country's economy start sharply rising from 1820 after the industrial revolution start to spread outside England until 1950 where things have been stable.

However, there was a period of time where the world economy dropped dawn and that was the great depression, the great depression started in 2008 in United State of America and then it spread world wide.

The great depression reasons:

• The stock market crash of 1929. During the 1920s the U.S.
• The US stock market crash
• Banking panics and monetary contraction.
• The gold standard.
• Decreased international lending and tariffs.

Nowadays the economy is getting stronger and there is some country's is taking big parts from the world economy So the total amount of the world economy is 80T dollar. And the biggest economy in the world is China with 18.58% of the world economy and united state comes after it with 15.02%.

But numbers shows that there will be drop in the world economy because of the coronavirus (covid-19) which forced the biggest countries to stop some works and to close the bords as well as to paying people wages while they are staying at homes, the European country's already missing billons of dollars that they should get from tourism.

Science, technology, and environment challenges

Cleaning drinking water

In Flint, Michigan, thousands of children are brain damaged by lead from eroding old tubes seeping into drinking water. More than 360,00 groundwater reserves have been polluted from industrial process waste. Severe droughts in western states threaten the water supply of about 43 million people.

Genetically Enhanced Humans

Researchers are moving toward the Holy Grail of Genetic Engineering - the capacity to include or expel DNA from a life form to modify certain qualities. Hereditary building, otherwise called quality altering, has been utilized for a considerable length of time to advance agribusiness and treat ailments. In any case, the new innovation that saddles the CRISPR-Cas9 protein and quality compound, making it conceivable to include and expel qualities with remarkable speed and exactness, bringing architects and other sci-fi capacities closer to the real world.

Researchers are trying whether hereditary altering can help treat illnesses, for example, HIV and hemophilia. Yet, CRISPR makes the way for altering to advance people -, for example, adding qualities to enormous muscles or more white teeth - the potential outcomes 'destined to be not too far off,' says Fyodor Ornoff, a geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley

The threat of microbes

In 2013 the U.S. discarded more than 32.5 million tons of plastic waste, up from around 390,000 tons in 1960. Quite a bit of this plastic litter arrives at waterways and advances toward the ocean. Plastic sacks, inflatables and six- pack rings present known threats to winged creatures, ocean turtles and other untamed life. In any case, late research recommends that once in the sea, plastics corrupt into minuscule particles that can be dangerous not exclusively to creatures and nature however to people too. These supposed microplastics—particles littler than one fifth of an inch—are ingested by fish, at that point by individuals on the off chance that they eat the influenced fish. Another examination by analysts at Plymouth University in England found that a solitary clothes washer cycle can discharge a huge number of microplastic particles from downy and other manufactured textures. The U.N. has singled out microplastics for their capability to cause fruitlessness and other medical problems.

Protecting national parks

America's national stops and woods are confronting numerous difficulties. As of late lawmakers have frustrated endeavors to expand park subsidizing and pushed for privatization of openly possessed grounds. The National Park Service is some $11 billion behind on fixes and support. In the interim, Arizona's congressional delegates bolster new uranium mines on open land close to the Grand Canyon—and officials from different states have comparable ventures, for example, oil and gas advancement in the grounds around Arches National Park in Utah. 'There's steady strain to build up the land encompassing parks,' says Kristen Brengel, VP of government issues at the National Parks Conservation Association.

Sources

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_conflict
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_economy
3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/13-urgent-science-and-health-issues-the-candidates-have-not-been-talking-about/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_conflict
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_economy
7. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/13-urgent-science-and-health-issues-the-candidates-have-not-been-talking-about/
8. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/13-urgent-science-and-health-issues-the-candidates-have-not-been-talking-about/
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism