Numerous factors changed the balance of power in terms of trade between different regions throughout the world during 1400 to 1700. In the course of this time, Europe becomes a dominant force in the emerging trade market through discovery and colonization. When we look to the past many people presuppose that Europe was always going to become a big power in the growing world trade market. In actuality when you consider the leaders, merchants and technologies it's seen that Europe...
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When Columbus sailed the ocean blue in fourteen-hundred and ninety-two, the world as we know it changed forever. Kings and queens, as well as their subjects, were now introduced to the New World. Filled with new resources that Europe had lost, filled with new and different species of plants, and animals like turkeys and buffalo. They had a readily accessible guide and labor source in the natives who befriended them. Despite the legacy of the conquistadors and the decimation of...
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The underwater environment consists of both biotic and abiotic sounds that closely related to reproduction and survival of marine organisms (Slabbekoorn et al., 2010).Biotic sounds are produced by living, non-human sources such marine mammals, fish and invertebrates, as for odontocetes (toothed whaled, dolphins and porpoises) where the sound generated by high-pressure air being blown over a bone structure called as phonic that enables the animal to recirculate and reuse air without loss toward the ocean (David L & Richard, 2008)....
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Ocean mapping consists of different techniques and resolutions of quality all of which have benefits. 100% of the ocean seafloor has been mapped with a horizonal resolution of 1 to 12 kilometres by the Geosat and ERS-1 spacecraft (Smith and Sandwell 1997). However less than 10% of the global ocean has been mapped by sonar technology (NOAA 2018). Although the knowledge of the ocean floors terrain and its depths are known, the detail of the floor its self is vague....
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West Africa is from modern-day Mauritiana until the Republic of Congo. It was an area with rainforests around the equator, also there are savannas on both sides of the forest, there sadly is a lot of dry, dead land to the north. This all changed on 600 CE, the majority of the Africans that lived near this area, which were hunter-gatherers. In the places, where land was very dry farmers had sheep, goats, camels and cattle. Near the equator, there...
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In 1492 Cristoforo Colombo discovered The Americas. He had rallied three Spanish boats on a voyage to prove that he knew a faster way to India also proving his theory that the earth was round. He accidentally found America and mistook it for India not realizing it was a whole new world he had just found. Since they did think this was India they mistook the people native to America as Indians and they have kept that name for a...
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Disease was often imported and exported through trade and traveling. European exploration also infected nations in the New World with disease, smallpox, influenza, and measles which infected many natives. Many Europeans gave diseases to the Americas. In the time frame of the Age of Exploration, people understood little about disease before the invention of the microscope. Spanish did not know that they carried a contagious disease like smallpox and their bodies. The Aztec called the smallpox plague ‘totomonjztli’ and wrote...
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In the Land of the Kappiris was a travelogue written by S.K. Pottekatt. It was originally written in Malayalam language under the title Kappirikalude Naattil and it was published in the year 1951. S.K. Pottekkatt (1913-1982) or Sankaran Kutty Pottekatt was an Internationally acclaimed Malayalam author. He was a prolific writer and has authored more than sixty book including ten novels, twenty-four collections of short stories, a couple of books based on personal observations, three anthologies of poems, eighteen travelogues,...
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Christopher Columbus and John Smith are very important in the United States’ history. They are both always remembered as successful explorers and also the ego in their leadership. Christopher Columbus found the “New World”, America. He took every opportunity and considered to be a leader never gave up, and even return to influence after a major misfortune. On the other hand, John Smith is seen as a hero, who was a devoted man to his country, England. He wanted nothing...
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Portuguese navigational technology - Portuguese technological innovations arose a need for expansion. A mountainous landscape provided insufficient space for agriculture, making it necessary for Portugal to look to new regions to support its existing population. Additionally, Ferdinand and Isabella had a desire to expand Christendom that made global exploration an even more worthwhile investment. Perhaps most important to Portuguese expansion were the innovations of Gil Eannes. Gil applied logic and mathematics to nautical navigation in a way that allowed Portuguese...
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Intro Tension builds in the great Aztec city of Tenochtitlan as an ambitious Spanish explorer introduces himself to the ruler of the Aztec people. The two people are from completely different worlds in the sense that neither of them previously knew that the other’s culture even existed. Their words of initial contact are spoken through a translator caught in the middle, forced into this position of mediation between the two distinct cultures, perhaps failing to convey clearly the meanings of...
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During the Age of Exploration, many explorers set out on expeditions to search for land for each of their investors. One explorer that is commonly known as the famous Italian explorer named Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus wrote “The Journal of the First Voyage to America” to attempt to convince the Spanish Monarchy to subsidize his voyages to scour for the new world. On Columbus’ first journey he comes across a small island, which he named San Salvador. In his journal,...
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The so-called Europeans were well-versed in science and technology; with this power in their possession, the Europeans decided to use it to their advantage to dominate the world. Studying other cultures and societies played a significant role in enabling Europeans to send their scientists overseas with the conquerors to expand their understanding of those cultures and societies. They justified their colonization and exploration of the world by claiming that it was necessary to search for variable natural resources such as...
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We live on a blue planet, with oceans and seas covering more than 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface. Oceans feed us, regulate our climate, and generate most of the oxygen we breathe. We can make a long list of how the oceans and marine life are important to us. Oceans cover more than 70 per cent of the earth’s surface. They contain 99 per cent of the living space on earth. Without this space for organisms to survive,...
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Let's talk about the continental shelf, slope, and rise! The continental slope is the seaward edge of the continental rise, which we will talk about later. Now, let's talk about the continental shelf! The continental shelf is a broad, comparatively shallow submarine deck of continental crust setting up the edge of a continental landmass. And lastly of the “continentals’, as I like to call it, is the continental rise! The continental rise is a major depositional arrangement made up of...
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Plate tectonics is the driving force for most volcanic activities. At plate boundaries, the crust is either created or destroyed. Divergent plate boundaries, create new crust material from the rising of magma. This new crust slowly pushes the old crust until it gets destroyed by subduction. The sinking of this crust also causes volcanic activities above it. On earth, they are five volcanic environments in relation to plate tectonics and this is ocean-ocean island arc, oceanic hot spot, mid-ocean ridge,...
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Panfilo de Narvaez, a Spanish discoverer and soldier that helped defeat Cuba, also served as a captain and leader for the Florida expedition in the early 1500’s. The purpose of this expedition was to colonize Florida. Narvaez was able to lead this expedition by being a part of the Spanish court, which was granted to him by King Charles. Although, he was granted with such an important role for this expedition, this did not mean it was an easy process...
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Introduction Juan Ponce de León, a Spanish conquistador and explorer, holds a significant place in the annals of history for his expeditions and contributions to the exploration of the New World. Born in 1474 in Spain, Ponce de León embarked on daring journeys that shaped the course of exploration and colonization in the Americas. This informative essay delves into the life, accomplishments, and impact of Juan Ponce de León, shedding light on his role in the early European exploration of...
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Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich was the first man to travel in space on April 12, 1961. Since then, hundreds of people have explored past the earth’s atmosphere. Many discoveries and advancements have been made since then. Health and medical fields have benefitted from groundbreaking technology. We now have soil samples and extensive information on Mars, a spacecraft successfully landed on a comet for the first time in 2014, and black holes have been proven to exist. Everyday NASA is working...
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Colonization and Colonial Life Essay The phenomenon of globalization led to voyages such as that of Christopher Columbus in 1492 which led to a tidal wave of explorers, conquistadors, fortune hunters, missionaries, religious dissenters, and general migrants seeking a better life. The desires of these different groups led to the journey to the New World which is said to have been started by Christopher Columbus, who was sponsored by the Spanish, followed by Portugal, the English, and the French (Corbett,...
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The arrival of Europeans changed the map of people’s settlements in America. Now it is difficult to find an area where the ethnic regions at least coincide with the former borders of initial settlements. Ethnic processes were different in various parts of America. They were influenced not only by changes in population but also by the socioeconomic development of various regions of America. Often the nature of the formation of ethnic relations also depended on it. Nevertheless, in many ways,...
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In the New World, Africans were not only marginalized from cultural, ethnic, and social roots. They ceased to be regarded as individuals. There was a situation where differences in geographical position, social past, languages, religious beliefs, huge distances from the homeland, and scattering throughout the colonial territory did not allow for to creation of a social institution for the preservation and development of paternal African culture. The Africans were forced to adapt to a new alien and hostile environment. The...
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To what degree were the global strategies of Western governments in the twentieth century informed by a colonialist understanding? In the twentieth century, the wind of change was blowing in the global world, according to a historically significant speech addressed by the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan. Macmillan claimed the global policies of the British and other Western colonist countries would take account of the growth of national consciousness in African and Asia regions. However, this assignment is going to...
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Introduction The study of the Comparative Empire in the Victorian period by classically educated civil servants frequently invoked classical analogies. James Mill, whose writings were heavily influential in the conceptualization of imperialism, frequently drew examples from Roman civilization in his History of India, justifying imperial rule as a necessity due to the inferior, uncivilized nature of Indian culture. The likening of India`s position under control to that of Britain`s under Roman rule was a common, standard theme in the writings...
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The years 1620-1760 caused immense changes to the North American continent. The Native Americans first encountered European pilgrims, and in the blink of the eye, saw their world change by European pioneers. Not only did the Europeans venture to the Americas, but they also traveled to Africa. There they established a transatlantic slave exchange. This slave exchange would begin a different cultural and financial system; where the pigment of skin determines whether that person might live as a free man...
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There are very few practices that have had the widespread effects we see today on global development than the scourge of colonialism. Since its advent in the 15th Century, the imposition of colonialism has, “altered history forever” (Settles 1996, p. 2). The effects of colonialism have been both far-reaching and insidiously devastating: notably a loss of culture, language, and land; widespread economic and social inequality; and the outright genocide of native peoples. However, it would be incorrect to frame these...
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To answer the question directly, yes— ‘unequal’ diplomatic interactions in the pre-Westphalian period can be understood as real diplomacy. According to Wallerstein’s world systems theory, there are core and peripheral states in which core countries benefit and peripheral countries are exploited, creating an inescapable unfair exchange due to the natural economic/power imbalance of the world (Skocpol, 1977). In other words, there will always be more powerful advanced countries and weaker poorer countries that add to an imbalanced and unequal diplomacy...
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Colonialism, Language, and Religion in Things Fall Apart Colonialism and imperialism are two sides of the same coin, both are interchangeable concepts. Colonialism is the practice of domination, where one country forces its authority over other territories and its people. Like colonialism, imperialism is a country's political and economic control over a foreign nation. One of the difficulties in defining colonialism is that it is hard to distinguish it from imperialism, but the underlining goal of both is the domination...
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Colonial legacies can be found within Latin American political regimes like the Spaniards and Portuguese through the Allende and the Castro regime. The legacies have established social structure and unequal land holdings predominantly placing the affluent above mixed, indigenous, and Africans. Furthermore, colonial legacies are useful when examining Latin America as it compares colonialism to the long-term effects of colonialism implemented in different eras. It also focuses on the long-term effects it had on Indigenous, mixed, and Africans, which highlights...
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On Monday, October 14th, citizens all around America commemorate Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of the new world. However, beneath the American flags and fireworks, many of the horrors of his voyage have gone untold. Throughout his expeditions, Columbus terrorized the Taínos people, which ultimately lead to mass genocide. Christopher Columbus has been regarded as both a hero and a villain. However, due to his cruelty with the Tainos and his abuse of political power, he must be seen as a...
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