Influenza virus is one of the few viruses with capability and history of creating pandemics, having resultant deaths, hospitalizations and interruption of economic and societal activities. They have, hence, been a research interest overtime as to control measures to prevent and manage such outbreaks. STRUCTURE AND PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA Influenza virus belongs to the orthomyxovirus family as it has segmented RNA genomes with 8 pieces. Its helical capsid is contained within an envelope, on which are 2 glycoproteins responsible for...
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Influenza has become an annual epidemic, increasing in volatility, which can greatly affect the fragile and vulnerable, particularly the elderly. Within healthcare settings, such as aged-care facilities, outbreaks can be greatly detrimental to the health and wellbeing of the residents, impacting greatly on their ability to partake in their activities of daily living (ADL). This essay will discuss influenza, infection control precautions, assessment and nursing care as well as a further interdisciplinary approach to the case study. Influenza has the...
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Have you ever experienced a combination of these symptoms: sore throat, coughing, rhinorrhea, body aches and a fever? The answer for most people would be yes, this means that for some they have contracted the disease known as influenza or as most commonly put, ‘the flu.’ The aim of this essay is to discuss what influenza is and mode of spread. Also, to identify knowledge of infection control practices, risk assessments, health team involvement and cultural safety. The essay will...
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The main purpose of this essay is to discuss influenza and what is the mode of action and risk factors for the older person and how to prevent the spread of infection in a residential aged care facility. This essay will discuss the risk assessment needed for a person who suffering from influenza and what nursing care is required following cultural safety and how multidisciplinary team help to assess the patient. Influenza spreads very quickly, and it may lead to...
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Introduction Transmittable sicknesses include ailment exuding from the microscopic organisms or infections and are spread through contact with the tainted surfaces, blood items, body liquids, bug chomps and even through air. The infrequent compassionate crises cataclysmic event coming about to the relocation of the populace, with unfriendly obstruction of the fundamental framework, over crowdedness, poor access to clean water, nourishment uncertainty, sanitation and inadequacy of the essential wellbeing administrations make the causative specialists and spread of the transferable infections. In...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza continues to be a major public health concern.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in a typical year, 10 to 20 percent of the world's population is infected with influenza, resulting in 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 severe illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths (World Health Organization, 1999). In the United States, there are tens of thousands of deaths each year and the problem will increase due to the aging of the population and the susceptibility of the elderly. Influenza,...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza viruses are a virus that infects the respiratory tract of mammals and usually can cause fever, muscle pain, severe headache, sore throat, fatigue, coughing, and weakness. It is the Orthomyxoviridae family of enveloped viruses and a significant cause of respiratory infections worldwide (Bahadoran et al., 2016). It can be transmitted through the air by coughing or sneezing and also from infected birds through their droppings. Other transmissions are through saliva, nasal secretions, faeces, and blood of infected animals....
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Microbiology Causing Agent — Influenza occurs due to infection of respiratory tract by Influenza virus, RNA viruses of orthomyxovirus genus. There are four types of influenza virus designated as A, B, C and D. Influenza A and B occurs commonly in humans. It is responsible for outbreak of respiratory illness, mostly in winters. It also increases the chances of hospitalization and death. Influenza A can be further classified as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), on the basis of two surface...
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When the new species arrive in new environment, it will need to adapt that as human appear on the earth try to develop technology and system in order to overcome difficulties. In the past thousands of years, human already vanquished weather, fundamental living condition and becoming dominated the earth, however, there still has a stanch enemy that hasn’t be overcame which is disease. In the history, human faced various of disease. For example, cancer, flu, cough, anxiety, coronary artery diseases,...
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Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of the respiratory tracts caused by influenza viruses which can be potentially life threateneing (Australian Government, Department of Health, 2014). An influenza pandemic occurs where a new subtype of the influenza virus emerges to which most people are not immune, therefore causing illnesses and deaths to large numbers of people worldwide and resulting in social and economic disruptions (Australian Government, Department of Health, 2014; Kotalik, 2005). This essay will introduce key...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza, also known as flu is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus that attacks the respiratory system of humans. It is also transmissible by droplets spreading from one infected person to another by just sneezing, coughing or talking. There are four types of influenza viruses: influenza A, B, C, and D, but only influenza A and B viruses cause clinically essential human disease and seasonal epidemics. Influenza causes symptoms corresponding to, but further severe than, the common...
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As a child, we all remember going to checkups with our family medicine physician. The familiar vile and needle are things that have defined the meaning of immunity across many generations of the human race, all developed with the first vaccination. Research shows that vaccinations are the best way to protect people from diseases that are spread through daily activities. The modern vaccine is changing from its predecessors because a disease has many strains, and each strain mutates rapidly. This...
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Pandemics are worldwide outbreaks of disease that greatly effect a population socially, economically and politically (Gallivan et al. 2017). They are different to epidemics in the way that pandemics impact globally, while epidemics are often contained inside one community. The most devasting pandemic is the influenza virus. Also known as the flu, this virus is constantly spreading throughout the world, but as each person grows more immune to it, the effects of the flu are generally mild and non-life threatening....
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Disease was often imported and exported through trade and traveling. European exploration also infected nations in the New World with disease, smallpox, influenza, and measles which infected many natives. Many Europeans gave diseases to the Americas. In the time frame of the Age of Exploration, people understood little about disease before the invention of the microscope. Spanish did not know that they carried a contagious disease like smallpox and their bodies. The Aztec called the smallpox plague ‘totomonjztli’ and wrote...
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Introduction The task requires a detailed investigation to find out the data provided which include the reference number of state and territories, date of onset, notification date which is relevant to the health authority, age, sex and the postcode of residence. The feature and the extensiveness of the data are accumulated in the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System which are been influenced with many factors. The Notifications may be from the hospitals and laboratories. Adding, device of the notifications is...
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Nowadays, we are facing a bad situation because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Many reports stated that covid-19 does not have effects during the summer season but it is totally faded out.and it is also makes suffered lots of people by this disease. As a result, winter is also nearing along with the Covid-19 pandemic. Doctors called this a twindemic. However, it is spoiling our life completely, and we could not know what to control and stop spreading this virus. So,...
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