ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Alzheimer’s disease, also referred to as senile dementia, is a progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder which causes brain cells or neurons to degenerate and undergo a mechanism of programmed cell death which is different from classical apoptosis. It is the most common cause of dementia and accounts to 60-80% of the cases. Dementia is characterised by a decline is memory and loss of other cognitive abilities like language, problem solving and thinking skills and can have a negative impact...
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Imagine going home and seeing your father forget on how to tie his shoe, forgetting how to cook toast, or even solving a simple math problem and getting frustrated at himself for failing. You start to notice the signs of dementia, but you think he’s only 50? You do some research and realize he has Early-Onset Alzheimer’s. You take him to the doctor and find that it’s all true. You’re terrified and don’t know how to help or even where...
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In the exploration of pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, many studies have revealed the origin of the disease and the underlying cause of its deterioration. For a long time, we have known that pathological changes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, such as the accumulation of amyloid plaques, occurred before the onset of symptoms such as memory loss. A new study published in Communications Biology by neuroscientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology provided new insights into the accumulation...
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With the development of aging in society, the incidence of senile psychosis is getting higher and higher: mainly manifested in population of both common elderly diseases: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s rising. In 2015, 8.5% of the world’s population was over 65 years old, and by 2050, it will jump to nearly 17% of the global population. However, in 2016, 61 million people worldwide suffered from Parkinson’s disease, and it is estimated that the population of Alzheimer’s patients will reach 115.4 million...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder found among older adults at the age of 65 and above (Schwamborn, 2018). Symptoms of AD are memory loss, cognitive declination, disorientation, language deficit, impaired concentration, personal hygiene and self-care declination as well as behaviour and personality changes (Bature, F., Guinn, B. A., Pang, D., & Pappas, Y, 2017). At this point of time, the exact causes of AD are still not being publicized. However, researchers believe that the early-onset of...
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The clinical symptomatology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered to be the result of an extensive destruction or disorganization of the cerebral cortex, as the patient’s cognitive functions become impaired. Late onset Alzheimer’s disease affects 5-10% of people over the age of 65 years old and while the case for this disease has not yet been fully understood, it is believed that a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors affects the risk for developing the disease. Researchers have not...
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Abstract Alzheimer’s Disease is relevant among most of the world’s population today. It is a disease that effects the cognitive function, memory, and language in an individual’s daily life. Now Alzheimer’s Disease has no cure, is untreatable, and the most significant cause is not really known. Also, traditional methods of diagnosing and care are not that efficient. Researchers have been driven to making a connection between the composition of the microbiota inside the gastrointestinal tract and cognitive decline. It is...
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Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, this disease is the fourth leading cause of death in industrialized nations, preceded by cardiovascular disease. Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is an umbrella term for a group of primary diseases of neuron with the defining feature of a progressive loss of functioning neurons, mainly in the cortex and hippocampus, during the process of learning and memory formation brain undergoes a physical and chemical change which called as synaptic plasticity, its shows...
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Introduction Music is the universal language of mankind, allowing communication across cultural and linguistic boundaries. It is expressed and shared by all ages from an unborn child to an elderly person. Every culture around the world has some form of music and song, each with their purpose, some might be to accompany a dance, soothe an infant, express love or express grief or many other purposes. Whilst it has these enormous numbers of benefits, what specifically caught my interest was...
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1. Introduction 1.1 Problem Summary There is this great problem of large amount of data being produced by medical apparatus which becomes too much to handle for a human. Or in some cases, there is la ack of specialist doctor needed to examine that data in order to diagnose a disease. Medical science with the use of information technology and in particular the use of machine learning can benefit from it. Alzheimer being a neurodegenerative disease, it is hard to...
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Introduction A little over a year ago, there was a sweet 90 year old woman at a nursing home. Her name was Analisa Caroler. During her stay at this nursing home, she used to tell the most amazing stories of her past. However, a year ago, she began showing signs of Alzheimer’s. She was shocked. 20 years ago, she discovered she carried a genetic marker for Alzheimer’s. Because no symptoms ever surfaced before she was 85, her doctors felt that...
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Introduction This review will be investigating how poor dental hygiene can be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a progressive brain disorder that results in a decline in cognitive functions such as thinking, memory and behaviour (Holmer et al., 2018). It is the most common type of dementia (Gaur & Agnihotri, 2015) and is categorised into 3 main stages: mild, moderate and severe. A hallmark for the disease is brain inflammation (Rogers, 2008) and the presence of...
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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is amongst the main causes of morbidity and perhaps mortality in the older population1. Alzheimer’s disease pathology has over the years bordered on the deposition of the protein beta- amyloids (Aβ) and the subsequent involvement of tau plaques in the brains of patients. However, there has been evidence to suggest the involvement of vascular and endothelial factors 2 but this association is not clear. Writing in the journal of neuroscience, Bonds et al report that the reduction...
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“Although pathophysiology is a science, it also designates suffering in people; the clinician should never lose sight of this aspect of its definition.” (McCane and Huether, 2019). Pathophysiology is a realm of science which encompassess the harmful effects of disease on the human body. As a future RN, I find great importance in this study and recognize the potential current research and understanding of disease has to increase the length and quality of life. As a nurse, I will be...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder marked by declining cognitive and, in late stages, physical functioning that is ultimately fatal. As AD progresses, patients experience deficits in memory, language, and problem-solving abilities as well as behavioral changes resulting in obstruction of daily activities. Most cases occur past the age of 65 and are on the rise due to improvements in life expectancy. In the coming years, the prevalence of AD is expected to skyrocket with the aging Baby...
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Dementia takes the lives of about 1 in 3 Americans and takes more elderly lives than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. Alzheimer’s, one of the most common forms of dementia, effects over 5 million Americans to date and is the 6th leading cause of death. Statistics aside, it is highly likely that you know someone that has been diagnosed with this disease. Personally, two members of my family have been diagnosed and passed due to Alzheimer’s, one family member...
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The average lifespan in humans is reaching its limit. Resultantly, the need for intervention strategies to relieve age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders has never been more prevalent. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is now the leading cause of dementia and death among all the age-related illnesses. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid (A)-prone fragments and phosphorylated tau clustered in different parts of the brain. Unfortunately, most research studies of possible AD therapies have failed to...
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Overactive neurons in specific regions of the brain are thought to be early disturbances of Alzheimer’s disease. In a new study, researchers from the Technical University of Munich, Germany, were the first to explain the causes and mechanisms of this early important neurological dysfunction. They found that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate persisted for too long in the vicinity of active neurons. This causes these neurons to suffer from pathological over-stimulation, which is likely to be a key factor in learning...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative encephalopathy which occurs in pre- and post-elderly conditions with a gradual loss of cognitive and memory functions. As the population aging intensifies, the number of AD patients worldwide is growing rapidly, resulting in a heavy social burden. Thus, how to treat Alzheimer’s disease is the focus of the whole society. In fact, the treatment of AD is a comprehensive management, which not only requires individuals, families, and even the whole society to participate....
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According to the World Alzheimer’s 2018 Report, every 3 seconds, there is a patient diagnosed with dementia worldwide. There are currently at least 50 million dementia patients worldwide. And this number is still growing uncontrolledly. Therefore, understanding the causes of this disease is more urgent than ever. Many studies have previously found some factors that increase the risk of dementia. Among them, some factors cannot be prevented, such as aging. However, other potential risk factors are possible to avoid, such...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative neurological disease whose onset can hardly be observed. AD is clinically characterized by symptoms such as memory impairment, aphasia, impaired visual spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and personality and behavior changes. The underlying cause hasn’t been specified yet. Numerous efforts have been made to find effective medicinal treatment for AD, but the majority of them only turned out to be failure. It is an admitted fact that the battle against Alzheimer’s is rather difficult...
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Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative health condition which causes memory failure and other brain-related functions, such as speech, behaviour and awareness of surroundings. (Colin L. Masters, 2015) Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative and progressive disease therefore increasing risk significantly in the older generations and tends to be more prevalent among women. Potential risk factors could include; family history, genetics, head injury, heart-head connection, lifestyle. (ALZ, 2020) Prevalence/ Mortality/ Incidence In 2017 Dementia was the second leading...
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Abstract This paper will delve into a few published articles that discuss the various treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and the benefits they provide. The articles mention several treatments and assess their effectiveness. Some articles discuss similar treatments, but each article offers an interesting perspective on how effective they can be. The treatments mentioned in the article may not directly treat AD itself, because there is no cure, but can help mediate some of the side effects and accompanying illnesses....
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ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s Disease has been around for over 100 years and has no cure. It is a neurogenerative disease that leads to dementia in patients, where the episodic memory is impaired, along with a decline in cognitive skills. A report in the 2019 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures consisted a graph and table which indicated the number of annual Alzheimer’s Disease death rates in the United States per 100,000 people by age and year. The death rates increased as the...
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There are many benefits to drinking coffee. According to a new study by the Krembil brain institute, there are many health benefits to having a good morning. In addition to boosting energy and concentration, drinking coffee may help reduce an individual’s risk of developing alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. After human beings enter the old age stage, there will be a variety of degenerative aging changes, especially in the psychological aspect, such as sensory perception degenerative changes obvious, memory decline, intelligence...
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The most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide is Alzheimer’s and impacts millions of people. This neurodegenerative disease is irreversible and there is currently no known cure: there are only palliative treatments to slow down ever worsening symptoms. The first discovery of Alzheimer’s disease was in 1906 by Dr Alois Alzheimer. It is primarily known for its most obvious symptom of memory loss caused by abnormal changes in the structure of the brain and for this reason is categorised under the broad...
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INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first diagnosed by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906, it has become the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease overall. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is clinically defined as the appearance of progressive deficits in cognition and memory. The two types of AD are Familial AD (FAD) and Sporadic AD (SAD). Both have the clinical and pathological similarities, exhibiting progressive cognitive dementia, senile plaques consisting of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of phosphorylated tau protein. Axonal...
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Abstract Buckyball is the first nanoparticle discovered in the year 1985 by the trio scientists Richard Smalley, Harry Kroto, and Robert Curl. Fullerene is a powerful antioxidant that reacts with free radicals that cause cell death. Fullerenes and their derivatives have the Antiviral activity to treat the HIV infection. Brain changes occur with these proteins are β-amyloid and tau tangles. The changes in Cerebrospinal fluid and blood indicate the earliest sign of Alzheimer’s disease (biomarkers) but the symptoms have not...
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The film Still Alice deals with a very serious subject matter of a person whose life is turned upside down when she gets a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Throughout most of this film we can see an accurate portrayal of the symptoms associated with this crippling brain disease. During the course of the entire movie Alice Howland progressively goes through the three stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Although this movie depicts the human aspects of this degenerative condition exceptionally well,...
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A German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer first observed some strange behavioral symptoms, including short-term memory loss in his patient Auguste Deter. Upon her death, he carefully studied her brain and found some anomalies, of what later became known pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common form of dementia that is associated with progressive decline in memory, cognition and loss of thinking ability. Upon progression of the disease, it can be serious enough to interfere with activities of...
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