2:00 p.m., tests were run to check for any brain activity. My favorite subject was Biology, but sadly I didn’t know enough about how the brain and nervous system worked to understand what was happening. 2:20 p.m., tests were repeated. 2.40 p.m., my father was officially diagnosed with brain stem death. The cause of death, a new word in my vocabulary, ‘encephalitis’. Through this trauma I was hooked, I wanted to understand, I wanted to know more, I wanted to...
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The term ‘neuroethics’ is fairly new to the world of bioethics and neuroscience. This word/concept was formulated by a world history scholar, William Safire, in 2001. For a long period of time, scientists pointed to genetics as the main scientific challenge to our ethical, legal, and social practices and beliefs. Over time and through much research, it became apparent that genetics were much more complex and included interactions between genes and environment. Neuroscience does not only deal with genetic aspects,...
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As neuroscience begins to grow, it will soon be able to find the objective in the human brain and reveal to courtrooms the secrets hiding in a criminal’s mind. The first-time brain scans were used in a courtroom was in 2003. To understand the topic better, understanding how the brain works is something to discuss first. The human brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body. Weighing three pounds and made up of one hundred billion...
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Neurosciences has quickly progressed into a much larger sphere with regards to how the brain works and discoveries which have a number of advantages. Brain research has come a long way with regards to ways in which the public are benefitted and filled with new and interesting knowledge which help one understand the development of the brain and how we interact as humans in our daily lives. In this paper the subject of cultural neuroscience will be intricately explained and...
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Practicing sport or a simple physical activity, can change your brain. Regular physical activity leads to benefit in physical and mental health. In consequence, regular exercise has become an important part of a well-balanced lifestyle and is easily accomplished through sports. Study shows that playing practicing sports improves blood flow to our brain. This allows our body to build more connections between nerves within the brain which, improves memory, makes you feel more creative, helps your brain develop better problem-solving...
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Imagine some 40,000 years ago, a vulture bone with precise and delicate holes along its length was used to play a tune by a human. In 2013, a recent archeology finds of this object most likely means that instruments have existed for thousands of years already. Neuroscientists can safely infer therefore that music is among the most ancient of human cognitive traits. This is one of the first steps towards researching the neuroscience of the brain on music and possibly...
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Abstract This paper will delve into a few published articles that discuss the various treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and the benefits they provide. The articles mention several treatments and assess their effectiveness. Some articles discuss similar treatments, but each article offers an interesting perspective on how effective they can be. The treatments mentioned in the article may not directly treat AD itself, because there is no cure, but can help mediate some of the side effects and accompanying illnesses....
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Imagine going home and seeing your father forget on how to tie his shoe, forgetting how to cook toast, or even solving a simple math problem and getting frustrated at himself for failing. You start to notice the signs of dementia, but you think he's only 50? You do some research and realize he has Early-Onset Alzheimer's. You take him to the doctor and find that it's all true. You're terrified and don't know how to help or even where...
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In the exploration of pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, many studies have revealed the origin of the disease and the underlying cause of its deterioration. For a long time, we have known that pathological changes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease, such as the accumulation of amyloid plaques, occurred before the onset of symptoms such as memory loss. A new study published in Communications Biology by neuroscientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology provided new insights into the accumulation...
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Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, this disease is the fourth leading cause of death in industrialized nations, preceded by cardiovascular disease. Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is an umbrella term for a group of primary diseases of neuron with the defining feature of a progressive loss of functioning neurons, mainly in the cortex and hippocampus, during the process of learning and memory formation brain undergoes a physical and chemical change which called as synaptic plasticity, its shows...
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Introduction Music is the universal language of mankind, allowing communication across cultural and linguistic boundaries. It is expressed and shared by all ages from an unborn child to an elderly person. Every culture around the world has some form of music and song, each with their purpose, some might be to accompany a dance, soothe an infant, express love or express grief or many other purposes. Whilst it has these enormous numbers of benefits, what specifically caught my interest was...
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1. Introduction 1.1 Problem Summary There is this great problem of large amount of data being produced by medical apparatus which becomes too much to handle for a human. Or in some cases, there is la ack of specialist doctor needed to examine that data in order to diagnose a disease. Medical science with the use of information technology and in particular the use of machine learning can benefit from it. Alzheimer being a neurodegenerative disease, it is hard to...
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Introduction This review will be investigating how poor dental hygiene can be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a progressive brain disorder that results in a decline in cognitive functions such as thinking, memory and behaviour (Holmer et al., 2018). It is the most common type of dementia (Gaur & Agnihotri, 2015) and is categorised into 3 main stages: mild, moderate and severe. A hallmark for the disease is brain inflammation (Rogers, 2008) and the presence of...
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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is amongst the main causes of morbidity and perhaps mortality in the older population1. Alzheimer’s disease pathology has over the years bordered on the deposition of the protein beta- amyloids (Aβ) and the subsequent involvement of tau plaques in the brains of patients. However, there has been evidence to suggest the involvement of vascular and endothelial factors 2 but this association is not clear. Writing in the journal of neuroscience, Bonds et al report that the reduction...
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“Although pathophysiology is a science, it also designates suffering in people; the clinician should never lose sight of this aspect of its definition.” (McCane and Huether, 2019). Pathophysiology is a realm of science which encompassess the harmful effects of disease on the human body. As a future RN, I find great importance in this study and recognize the potential current research and understanding of disease has to increase the length and quality of life. As a nurse, I will be...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder marked by declining cognitive and, in late stages, physical functioning that is ultimately fatal. As AD progresses, patients experience deficits in memory, language, and problem-solving abilities as well as behavioral changes resulting in obstruction of daily activities. Most cases occur past the age of 65 and are on the rise due to improvements in life expectancy. In the coming years, the prevalence of AD is expected to skyrocket with the aging Baby...
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The average lifespan in humans is reaching its limit. Resultantly, the need for intervention strategies to relieve age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders has never been more prevalent. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now the leading cause of dementia and death among all the age-related illnesses. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid (A)-prone fragments and phosphorylated tau clustered in different parts of the brain. Unfortunately, most research studies of possible AD therapies have failed to...
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Overactive neurons in specific regions of the brain are thought to be early disturbances of Alzheimer's disease. In a new study, researchers from the Technical University of Munich, Germany, were the first to explain the causes and mechanisms of this early important neurological dysfunction. They found that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate persisted for too long in the vicinity of active neurons. This causes these neurons to suffer from pathological over-stimulation, which is likely to be a key factor in learning...
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative encephalopathy which occurs in pre- and post-elderly conditions with a gradual loss of cognitive and memory functions. As the population aging intensifies, the number of AD patients worldwide is growing rapidly, resulting in a heavy social burden. Thus, how to treat Alzheimer's disease is the focus of the whole society. In fact, the treatment of AD is a comprehensive management, which not only requires individuals, families, and even the whole society to participate....
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative neurological disease whose onset can hardly be observed. AD is clinically characterized by symptoms such as memory impairment, aphasia, impaired visual spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and personality and behavior changes. The underlying cause hasn’t been specified yet. Numerous efforts have been made to find effective medicinal treatment for AD, but the majority of them only turned out to be failure. It is an admitted fact that the battle against Alzheimer's is rather difficult...
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Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative health condition which causes memory failure and other brain-related functions, such as speech, behaviour and awareness of surroundings. (Colin L. Masters, 2015) Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative and progressive disease therefore increasing risk significantly in the older generations and tends to be more prevalent among women. Potential risk factors could include; family history, genetics, head injury, heart-head connection, lifestyle. (ALZ, 2020) Prevalence/ Mortality/ Incidence In 2017 Dementia was the second leading...
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ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s Disease has been around for over 100 years and has no cure. It is a neurogenerative disease that leads to dementia in patients, where the episodic memory is impaired, along with a decline in cognitive skills. A report in the 2019 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures consisted a graph and table which indicated the number of annual Alzheimer’s Disease death rates in the United States per 100,000 people by age and year. The death rates increased as the...
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Insanity is commonly defined as the state of being seriously mentally ill. But does that exempt people from punishment for crimes they committed? Insanity pleas are rarely used, and when they are, they have an extremely low success rate. How is one deemed insane? What are the criteria for an insanity plea? These issues have been and continue to be determined by state lawmakers and precedent-setting court cases. One possible outlet for this determination is the use of brain scans....
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The most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide is Alzheimer’s and impacts millions of people. This neurodegenerative disease is irreversible and there is currently no known cure: there are only palliative treatments to slow down ever worsening symptoms. The first discovery of Alzheimer’s disease was in 1906 by Dr Alois Alzheimer. It is primarily known for its most obvious symptom of memory loss caused by abnormal changes in the structure of the brain and for this reason is categorised under the broad...
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Abstract Buckyball is the first nanoparticle discovered in the year 1985 by the trio scientists Richard Smalley, Harry Kroto, and Robert Curl. Fullerene is a powerful antioxidant that reacts with free radicals that cause cell death. Fullerenes and their derivatives have the Antiviral activity to treat the HIV infection. Brain changes occur with these proteins are β-amyloid and tau tangles. The changes in Cerebrospinal fluid and blood indicate the earliest sign of Alzheimer's disease (biomarkers) but the symptoms have not...
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The film Still Alice deals with a very serious subject matter of a person whose life is turned upside down when she gets a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Throughout most of this film we can see an accurate portrayal of the symptoms associated with this crippling brain disease. During the course of the entire movie Alice Howland progressively goes through the three stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Although this movie depicts the human aspects of this degenerative condition exceptionally well,...
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A German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer first observed some strange behavioral symptoms, including short-term memory loss in his patient Auguste Deter. Upon her death, he carefully studied her brain and found some anomalies, of what later became known pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common form of dementia that is associated with progressive decline in memory, cognition and loss of thinking ability. Upon progression of the disease, it can be serious enough to interfere with activities of...
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Abstract Alzheimer’s is a progressive degenerative disease that ultimately leads to death due to the degeneration and plaque build up within the brain. Memory is an important aspect of daily life and for performing every day activities and when that is hindered it could be detrimental to the individual and how they are able to function throughout their life. Alzheimer’s may be hard to initially diagnose due to some believing that it is just due to older age but after...
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Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an progressive brain neurological disorder which destroys brain cells causing people to lose their memory, mental functions and ability to continue daily activities. Diagnostic symptoms are experienced by patients usually at later stages after irreversible neural damage occurs. Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease is challenging because sometimes the signs that distinguish Alzheimer’s Disease MRI data, can be found in normal healthy brain MRI data of older people. Even though this disease is not completely curable,earlier detection...
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Alzheimer Disease is a continuous neurodegenerative disorder and most common cause of dementia, challenge many lives all over the world. Alois Alzheimer a psychiatrist had an interesting discussion about a, women, just over 50 years, called Auguste D, whom had symptoms of this disease. She had focal symptoms, hallucinations, delusions and psychosocial incompetence, which she died of. In the early stages, of mild cognitive impairment (‘pre - MCI”) people object to loss of memory before it, and move to a...
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