The role of nurses to the global health challenge of HIV and AIDS prevention is to deliver care following the Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) professional code of conduct. It focuses to prioritise people, ensure that people’s health need is recognised, assessed, and provided based on their preferences, goals, and values. Nurses are own a responsibility to recognise, value and celebrate individual cultural differences. They must avoid making an assumption and stereotypes ideals on their thoughts regarding people’s culture, religion and...
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, when this virus is at its most progressive stage it is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family. The genome of this virus is constituted of a single strand of RNA encapsulated in an HIV Capsid protein that forms the core shell of the virus. Moreover, the virus possesses a lipid bilayer composed of surface proteins and transmembrane proteins. Intracellularly beneath the lipid bilayer there is a matrix...
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Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global disaster for people all over the world. According to a report by UNAIDS, as of 2018, the Eastern and Southern Africa region remains the most affected by the HIV epidemic, accounting for 45% of the world’s HIV infections, and makes up 53% of people living with HIV globally. (UNAIDS, 2018) In Kenya, HIV continues to be a major challenge, with the national prevalence estimated at 1.6 million Kenyans living with HIV, according...
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Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), is an HIV prevention policy mostly for gay and bisexual people living in the UK. It involves using ARVs on those that are HIV negative and other comprehensive packages to prevent HIV transmission (Steward Kate, 2016), The importance of the policy is to create awareness and initiate people on the effective of ANT by health professionals to suppress HIV activity in the bodily fluid to prevent the risk of HIV transmission and other STI to one another...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in 1981 among gay men in Los Angeles. HIV caused a severe infection that weakened their immune system. It was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic (MHAF, 2019), which later in 2010 became the fifth leading cause of disability in all ages (Zulfiqar, 2017). Although these were the first incidents to be reported, many people have fallen victims of HIV and many have died before 1981. Although effective diagnosis, treatment...
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Introduction/Background HIV/AIDS stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not treated (About HIV/AIDS. (2019, August 14). The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been an issue within the United States for as early as 1960 but it was first noticed after doctors discovered sign of clustes of Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in gay men in Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco in 1981 and it is still a prominent...
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The Philippines belong to most countries who experiencing the continually epidemic HIV, human immune deficiency virus that can destroy your immunity particularly the white blood cells that helping your body to keep away from foreign substances and killed them. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is different from HIV, it is a syndrome that can be acquired to a person which is infected with the virus and there is no cure for it, but it can be controllable by the antiretroviral...
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HIV/AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The HI virus is most commonly passed from one individual to another through unprotected sexual intercourse in which bodily fluids such as semen are freely exchanged between individuals. However, the virus can be transmitted to a person through any contact of bodily fluids that are infected with the HI virus. This includes, but is not limited to, natural child birth in which the virus can be passed from mother to child and...
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The participants first started with a 20 minutes interview it was conducted in a questionnaire-style. They were asked about socioeconomic characteristics questions like gender, age, education, and employment. Then they were asked about their ART they self-reportedly answered the questions of their white blood cells count, HIV stage, duration of the treatment and the non-adherence to ART. ART adherence was measured with VAS which is a scale to measure the adherence in the last month for the participants. Also, they...
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The following essay will define global health, identity, and examine the global health challenge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome in South African (S/A) and the impact globally. Furthermore, it will analyse relevant health data of total death and the Disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs) due to HIV and AIDS globally, S/A and the United Kingdom (UK). Moreover, the present outstanding global policies and initiatives established to address HIV and AIDS within the two countries will be discussed...
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency) is a virus that damage cells and our immune system. It also weakens the body ability to be able to fight infections and diseases. HIV can be primarily transmitted through the means of sexual intercourse. HIV is a virus that develops to AIDS if not treated as early as possible, the virus is most commonly passed from person to another person through the means of bodily fluids during sex, it can also be passed on through blood...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages cells of the immune system in particular CD4 cells or T cells leading to reduced numbers. This, therefore, lowers the ability to fight off infections and diseases. Over time the immune system becomes weaker and weaker until the final stage of HIV is reached, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The severity of AIDS makes suffers highly susceptible to life-threatening conditions for example cancers. There is currently no cure for HIV and AIDS, however, it can...
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Politics, people and the AIDS epidemic is the major theme in the 1993 film ‘And the Band Played On’ directed by Roger Spottiswoode. This film is set in the early 1980’s with an epidemiologist by the name Don Francis becoming growingly aware of the increasing number of deaths from unexplained sources among gay men in Los Angeles, New York City and San Francisco. This prompted an in-depth investigation of the possible causes and reasons for the outbreak. With little to...
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HIV/AIDS is a globally infamous pandemic that still continues to spread all around the world, with its substantial effects on public health, social attitude and social disadvantages still evident even in today’s setting. HIV/AIDS does not only influence the physical health of those affected but has also become a historically consistent role in the perpetuation of systematic social inequalities, such as the marginalisation of minorities and those of lower socio-economic status, both on a micro and macro scale. This essay...
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Introduction Nowadays, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most serious problems faced by many countries. AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV). It is considered to be an advance stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks the immune system of an individuals and makes them susceptible to other infections and certain types of cancers (WHO,2019). HIV was firstly identified in 1981 (HIV.gov,2019). Countries with high prevalence of HIV infection include Swaziland, Lesotho and Botswana. 27.20% of Swaziland’s population...
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Malawi is one of the poorest nations in the world and one of the 10 countries most affected by AIDS worldwide (USAID 2005). Malawi’s HIV prevalence is ranked 8th highest worldwide (DFID 2005). The adult HIV prevalence in Malawi is estimated to be 14.1% and approximately 70,000 new HIV/AIDS cases are reported each year and there are approximately 110,000 new HIV infections each year (USAID 2005). AIDS is one of the leading causes of death among Malawian adults. In fact,...
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Diverse processes of undervaluing, tagging, with stereotyping bring loss of status, unfair and unjust treatment, and social exclusion of persons or groups are contextually entrenched at every level. These manifest in different forms of stigma – stigma from racism; HIV-related stigma; sexism and gender related stigma; homophobia and transphobia related stigma as pathways of oppression (Logie et al, 2011). These different types of stigma occur and there is then HIV-related stigma that intermingles with other forms stigma related with the...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a recurring health issue with flu-like symptoms that continues to affect millions of people around the world, transmitted through bodily fluids and sexual contact. Additionally, the virus has the ability to progress into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This sexually transmitted disease (STD) originated from a chimpanzee carrying the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), known to be closely related to HIV, in West Africa in the 1920s. The virus was then crossed to humans as a result...
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Introduction In 1981 the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was firstly identified as a new disease caused by a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It was the cause factor of the most devastating disease that emerged in the last 35 years. HIV-1 also spreads by percutaneous and perinatal routes, or exposure at mucosal surfaces, but primarily via sexual transmission.(Cohen et al., 2011) Since the identification of this virus it infected more than 60 million people and caused about...
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Do you know how health experts are always on people to eat good and balanced meals? Well, that is so they can live a happy and healthy life. There are a lot of things you stand to benefit from eating right; one of them is a strong and functional immunity to diseased. It is extremely important for fighting infections and toxins that may want to break down the normal body functions. Despite having a strong immunity to diseases, there are...
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When the social status nor the circumstances are no longer coherent, a global pandemic ascends as people continue to scramble off in ignorance. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus or infamously known as “HIV” is a major social implication that everyone must aware of. As noted by the World Health Organization (2017), HIV is a virus known to corrupt the cells of the immune system—deteriorating and impairing their respective functions. As a result of handicaps, HIV may evolve forth into its advance...
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Executive Summary The HIV incidence in Bhutan has seen increasing over last decade ever since the first detection of HIV case in the year 1993. Since then, HIV was given the due attention with the establishment of the National STI and HIV/AIDS Control Programme in 1988, even before the first case of HIV was detected. This rise has been attributable to increasing prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections, strengthened HIV detection services with improved infrastructures and nevertheless the improved public awareness...
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Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is credited with weakening a person’s immune system by killing crucial CD4+ T cells that fight off infections (CDC, 2019). If untreated, HIV can progress to the last and most serious form of HIV often referred to as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS. Some Americans are more likely to be at risk for HIV because of several factors, including their sexual behaviors, number of partners, where they live, stigma around their sexuality, and their...
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Abstract Kenya is a low-income country located in east Africa. Although Kenya has been making slow strides in trying to end poverty, it is still a low-income country that is facing both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Kenya’s income per capita is about $1,640. With an income this low it makes it hard to get proper treatment and sustain good health. The outbreak of HIV in Africa started around 1960. The first case of HIV in Kenya was around 1984. Then...
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Introduction The Russian HIV crisis is getting worse, found to have the greatest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Europe and the fastest increasing number of new cases by 10-15% each year (UNAIDS, 2016), Russia’s epidemic is not improving. The consequence of this is HIV/AIDS now rising to the top ten causes of mortality in Russia (IHME, 2017). In this essay, it will be discussed why this high-income country is far more affected by the virus than many...
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The revelation of the human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) as the causative living being of (AIDS) and the powerlessness of present day drug to discover a solution for it has set HIV as a standout amongst the most feared pathogens of the 21st century. (AIDS) is an ailment brought about by the human immunodeficiency infection (HIV). HIV contamination is an extremely present danger and can without much of a stretch is named as revile upon humankind. Mainstream researchers originally saw and...
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Can gene therapy provide the long-awaited cure to HIV? Introduction Ever since 1980 when the HIV virus first appeared in humans, it has been a long struggle to combat it due to its maleficent nature; even the most recent reports recorded by the WHO(World Health Organisation) estimate a staggering HIV death toll of 770,000. Although this statistic is daunting it has dropped by almost 40% due to increased campaign awareness and most significantly the increased use of effective highly active...
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The, diseases contracted in human bodies are responsible for interfering with the homeostatic immune mechanisms in the body and this decrease with age. AIDS and STIs are viral diseases that weaken the body immune response and are transfused by direct sexual intimacy between partners. Currently, they are the most frequent diseases among the seniors due to a number of factors as discussed below. A research conducted by Susan et al., (2017), indicated that, among the population of entire Americans, older...
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Introduction Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country faced with an array of diseases with malaria being one of its mascot epidemic as the tropical Climate facilitates external breeding environment for malarial parasites. However, HIV has gained rapid popularity since the first recorded case of an infected patient diagnosed in 1987 (The Virus Spreads, 2014). Human Immunodeficiency Virus or commonly referred to as HIV is a type of virus that weakens the immune system by attacking the CD-4/ T-Helper Cells...
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HIV/AIDS has caused many epidemics in rural areas and communities across Haiti. HIV/AIDS pandemic, we examine the association between declining natural capital and engaging in risky sexual behaviours, as potentially another livelihood strategy. HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through several factors. Environmental, social, cultural, and political factors affect the spread of infectious disease. For instance, when we look at HIV/AIDS, it has dramatically altered the population of Haiti. When there is a lack of knowledge, technology, health care and education theses...
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