The process of “how much” genetic versus environmental factors matter has recently been replaced by questions about the processes that may mediate the relationship between the genome and social/environmental phenomenon (Spinath and Bleidorn,2017) For many years there have been debates on nature versus nurture but in contrast, we will be looking at how these two aspects work in unison to bring about cognition. We will try to understand the real meaning of gene-environment interactions and discuss its roles and influences...
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The key goals in performing this study in-lab was to determine how PCR can be used to amplify desirable segments of DNA, examine how agarose gel electrophoresis can separate DNA fragments via size, and analyze DNA fragments on agarose gels to determine our PTC diplotypes. The collection of this data was done by gathering a sample of cheek cell DNA, then combining said cells with an InstaGene™ matrix (BioRad Laboratories) to isolate the cheek cell DNA (Lintott 4). It was...
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Introduction Through this essay, I will introduce intelligence scientifically as a component of many different traits and defining it in context of research on intelligence in humans. It has many different definitions and can be spilt into statistical values, such as g and IQ, or specific traits that contribute to overall intelligence, such as cognitive ability, fluid and crystallised intelligence, memory, or verbal reasoning. the nature vs nurture debate is controversial and currently being investigated in research, and I have...
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Discovery and development of forensic genetics took a long time and required a lot of field practice. After the discovery of the ABO blood types, scientists start to use blood groups in identification for forensic genetics. In 1910, the French criminologist Edmond Locard proposed the Locard’s exchange principle and stated that “every contact leaves a trace,” which laid the foundation for modern forensic science (1). In 1953, the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA enabled the start of forensic...
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The DNA of every individual is unique. Even identical twins have variations in their DNA that makes it unique. DNA can not only be used to identify a person but can also reveal medical issues and project potential health problems that may arise in the future (“DNA test company 23andMe now fueling medical research”, 2018). Law enforcement has been using DNA to help identify criminals for many years and has created a very large DNA database (Dedrickson, 2018). The military...
3 Pages
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Introduction This report contains information on the disease cystic fibrosis and how people with it manage their life. The inherited disease cystic fibrosis is a condition that causes a thick mucus to build up in the lungs causing decreased lung function making anyone who has this condition life increasingly difficult keeping up with medications that can increase their quality of life. How the respiratory system works normally The respiratory system is one of the systems that help keep us alive....
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The sun was casting its last orange rays into the sky, marking the end of the day. Sarah just got back home from school. She looked pale, almost malnourished. Her skin had wrinkles, and her face looked hollow. She quickly tossed her bag to the side of her bed and ran to the mirror. In a split second, all of her clothes came off. Sarah stood there, all bare, with a weak smile etched on her face. She felt accomplished,...
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In a modern world, longevity is convinced as one of the most important parts for human-beings, more and more people want to have a long lifespan. Scientists are dedicating on which parts would be more important in human lifespan, genes or behavior. Some people believe that our genes depend on our parents, most of the diseases are caused by family inheritance, family history is one of the strongest risk factors for common disease such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and...
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The question of whether genetics have a role in the development of mental disorders remains a big concern to various researchers and scholars. Various researches have been conducted to verify the ability of genes in influencing mental illness. Various authors have contributed a significant amount of information concerning the subject. Understanding the relationship between genetics and mental illness requires a credible analysis of the available data and the various methods used in collecting and synthesizing the data. The article 'Common...
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Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder that originates in the respiratory system of individuals. It is caused by a malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor protein (CFTR). Improved understanding of the CFTR gene has opened doors to better understand the disease itself through research and experimental procedures. Understanding the pathophysiology of the CFTR gene itself has also raised questions about the potential benefits of gene therapy in cystic fibrosis patients. Treatment for cystic fibrosis is prioritized on...
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Causes Obesity is characterized as a chronic condition as the result of an excess amount of body fat and it is defined by body mass index (BMI). A person’s BMI is determined by their height and weight (Balentine, 2019). However, to properly understand the impact of obesity, we need to look at what actually causes obesity in the first place: One of the main causes is genetic influence. Several genes contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution; in fact,...
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Introduction Behavioural genetics can be defined as the study of genetics that is used to investigate the difference in nature and behaviour in livestock. It focuses on the influences of genetics mainly the genetics and the environment influences. The concept was discovered by Francis Galton in the 19th century. However, the survey of the literature on genetics was discovered recently where most studies started at the end of the 20th century. The importance of behavioural genetics in animal science(there ia...
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Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally after cardiovascular diseases, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. (WHO website). Cancer is a genetic disease which is a result of changes in an organism genetic material such as DNA leading to uncontrollable growth of cells; the mass formed by the transformed cells (tumor) is able to avoid the immune system. Scientists and researchers are...
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INTRODUCTION Everyone wishes to attain and maintain healthy body weight. However, the weight that one gains is influenced by three main factors which are: genetics, diet, and aerobic physical exercises (Singh, Kumar, & Mahalingam, 2017). A healthy weight is defined as body weight that doesn't increase one's probability of developing comorbid weight-related problems such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke. Instead of a single number, the ideal body weight (IBW) is a range of bodyweight that's optimal for...
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In this class I have really enjoyed learning about the issues in Biology. In rating the issues we have discussed in class from most important to least important I would list pandemics and genetics/cancer as my top two choices, followed by natural selection/evolution, sustainability, human population, biotechnology/GMO’s and, lastly, climate change. I chose to put pandemics at the top of my list because it is important for people to learn how a pandemic starts, spreads and the lasting effects it...
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Abstract The purpose of this lab is to understand concepts that are related to genetic crosses. For this specific lab, Drosophila melanogaster were used. Drosophila melanogaster is also known as fruit flies. Created by Gregor Mendel, this experiment uses genetic rules. The purpose for the use of genetic rules is to determine the F1 generation. “Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which...
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INTRODUCTION The study and research of biomedical science involves uncovering the secrets of the human body whilst developing an understanding of disease, diagnosis, and treatment (Heitman, E. 2000). This means biomedical scientists must not only understand how to treat a disease, but must understand what caused that disease, how that disease can be identified and differentiated from other diseases, how that disease interacts with the body, and how we can use this information to make useful predictions to prevent the...
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For my inquiry, I wanted to determine whether genetics are related to the fact that women are more prone to knee injuries than men. Specifically, Anterior Cruciate Ligament tears (ACL) in athletes. Through numerous articles I discovered a lot of information relating genetics to ACLs. Recent studies have hypothesized that genetics do in fact have relations to a higher probability in an ACL tear. More specifically, people with “weaker knees” meaning less muscle mass and weaker ligaments due to collagen...
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Abstract This experiment was performed to determine the factors that influence the tas2r38 gene has on the PTC bitter taste receptor’s genotype was determined by electrophoresis using PCR and DNA extraction. The class data C allele frequency is slightly over 50% which matches with the map which shows similar frequency’s. Which suggests that there is a correlation between the SNPs and the bitter taster ability. Introduction The study of the variation in the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide(PTC) was first discovered...
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Should we increase human well-being or honor difference? The thought of molding future human to fit some pre-thought ideal of power and beauty is one that should make us contempt. Once a fashionable field of question, the study of ultimate offspring remains related with some of the worst overabundance of the 20th century, from forced cleaning to massacre. The lesson we might be lured to draw from this is to let nature proceed ignored, free from human interruption, and embrace...
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DNA chemical reactions have found a couple of industrial applications. Targeting protein bound to DNA for manipulation of disease prognosis is gaining a lot of interest among scientists. Due to advancement of in silico technology, thousands of molecules can be search for protein interaction. Molecules with the best docking properties to target proteins can then be synthesized in the lab and used in wet lab setting to affirm their activity. To accelerate this process scientist have set up chemical databases...
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Abstract The goal of this experiment was to isolate and sequence the GAPDH gene from Lilac. To extract, amplify, and transform the genomic DNA, we used PCR and nested PCR. This data was observed with gel electrophoresis and plating, which allows us to analyze the effectiveness of the ligation. pJET1.2 provided an essential restriction site that included eco47IR that killed the expressed genes in combination with the Bl/II gene that provided ampicillin resistance. The PCR was unsuccessful, as the DNA...
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Introduction Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the major obstetric complications that has been associated with term consequences as poor postnatal outcomes, perinatal morbidity, and mortality. (1). Nowadays, early prediction of FGR is the primary goal in maternal-fetal medicine, followed by prevention strategies in the antenatal period. Many thriving screening models like combining biochemical markers with Doppler were studied, but further investigation was needed to contribute (2, 3). Two groups were defined for classifying FGR as early and late-onset...
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Scientific Discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 in Gene Editing Limited scientific explorations can revolutionize a field within a short time, but experts are currently able to manipulate cells unimaginably, all due to a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology. As biologists continually sharpen instruments for deleting, replacing, and modifying DNA, CRISPR strategy has evolved into a popular genome engineering method. It provides total domination over genes in countless species through the utilization of modified bacterial protein and RNA guiding into...
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DNA fingerprinting otherwise called hereditary fingerprinting, DNA composing, and DNA profiling is an atomic hereditary technique that empowers ID of people utilizing hair, blood, semen, or other organic examples, in light of extraordinary examples in their DNA. One of a kind DNA fingerprints emerge because of confinement catalyst processing of a person's couple rehash loci. In people having a place with explicitly out reproducing populaces, the subsequent multilocus DNA profiles are commonly factor and special to the person. These multilocus...
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Introduction DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a rich source of evidence used in forensic investigations. It is extracted from the nucleus from biological samples such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine and the hair of the root. Every individual has a unique DNA sequence. This is known as a ‘profile’. In the 1980s, Alec Jefferey (14) had discovered that a person’s DNA can be distinguished from one person to another due to its genetic sequence. DNA was first introduced in...
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Genetic modification can be quite a controversial topic when one considers its possibilities and drawbacks. It can involve “germline” editing, which means modifying DNA in such a way to influence descendants. Other very popular forms of developing gene-editing technology is CRISPR and Cas9, which involves the targeting of specific sequences of base pairs of DNA. Many proponents argue for the plethora of possible health benefits that human genetic engineering could provide, while opponents often see technology as too limited for...
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Recombinant DNA technology is the combining of DNA molecules from two different species which are inserted into a host organism to produce genetic combinations that will be beneficial to medicine, agriculture and industry. This technology can and is already used in many ways to improve our daily lives and is used everywhere from the medicine we take to the food we consume. DNA Cloning In biology a clone is a group of individual cells or organisms descended from one father...
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In the late 19th century, there was a growing curiosity about the field of molecular biology and how things in our body worked at the molecular level. This led to extensive research in the early 20th century by upcoming scientists to know how genes present in our cells helped in the regulation and functioning of the chemical processes that take place in our body. In 1953, the discovery of the twisted, double helix, ladder-like structure of DNA by James Watson...
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Introduction Upon watching these week's videos and reading the weeks course line, I find that the most useful method in my learning about the relationship of the brain and the behavior of people is the DNA extraction method. According to (Yoshikawa, Dogruman-AI, Balaban, & Sultan, 2017), in the recent years, Microbiology labs have been given access to facilities that can perform molecular diagnostics. Before the first publication on amplification of DNA by PCR using the in vitro method, particular DNA...
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