Influenza has become an annual epidemic, increasing in volatility, which can greatly affect the fragile and vulnerable, particularly the elderly. Within healthcare settings, such as aged-care facilities, outbreaks can be greatly detrimental to the health and wellbeing of the residents, impacting greatly on their ability to partake in their activities of daily living (ADL). This essay will discuss influenza, infection control precautions, assessment and nursing care as well as a further interdisciplinary approach to the case study. Influenza has the...
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Introduction In 1981 the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was firstly identified as a new disease caused by a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It was the cause factor of the most devastating disease that emerged in the last 35 years. HIV-1 also spreads by percutaneous and perinatal routes, or exposure at mucosal surfaces, but primarily via sexual transmission.(Cohen et al., 2011) Since the identification of this virus it infected more than 60 million people and caused about...
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BACKGROUND Coronaviruses are group of enveloped viruses with positive sense RNA as the genetic material, containing 20-30kbp genome. These viruses cause mild respiratory and intestinal infections in immune compromised individuals. They were not considered to be pathogenic until the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in china and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Middle East countries in 2002 and 2012 respectively when the viral infection led to significant deaths among the infected individuals. The novel emerging pneumonic...
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Innate immune defenses are triggered in response to virus infection. While failure to induce innate immunity is likely to result in increased infection. Here are the principles of Biology which can give us knowledge on how to fight over Corona Virus Disease of 2019. First is the Gene therapy which involves altering the genes inside your body’s cells in an effort to treat or stop disease. Next is the Knowledge of evolution which can empower public health policy experts to...
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The coronavirus epidemic is present on all continents. A collective fear sets in and changes our relationship with one another. Since December 2019, the new coronavirus has infected over 180,000 people for 7,000 deaths. This global virus is changing our relationships and our behavior. Why and how does this phenomenon transform our way of thinking? In the recent period, there have been several epidemics, from the appearance of Ebola through AIDS, H5N1 or SARS. These epidemics or pandemics were initially...
2 Pages
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With the fear of the second wave of coronavirus infections in China emanating from imported cases and rumours that local transmissions might still be ongoing, it’s becoming crystal clear that there is no end to this battle with the unseen enemy which is running into four months now. Lockdowns, testings, quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, and medical treatment have proved to the effective in slowing down the spread but the world isn’t close to winning this unconventional war with a force...
2 Pages
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We know how the COVID-19 pandemic began: Bats near Wuhan, China, hold a mix of coronavirus strains, and sometime last fall one of the strains, opportunistic enough to cross species lines, left its host or hosts and ended up in a person. Then it was on the loose. What no one knows yet is how the pandemic will end. This coronavirus is unprecedented in the combination of its easy transmissibility, a range of symptoms going from none at all to...
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COVID-19 causes fear and anxiety to people around the world, its affecting people’s lives, for example, their work, school, and their social interactions. Panic will only cause more damage and it can make people make rash decisions that could be harmful at such a time, people should be aware and alert but they also should avoid panic. The effects of the new virus Students from mostly every affected country are using online learning to ensure their safety and well being,...
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Introduction COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic involving the vast spread of a type of viruses called the Corona virus. These viruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses having a crown-like appearance when viewed an electron microscope. It belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the Coronaviridae family (order Nidovirales) and is divided into four genera of CoVs: Alphacoronavirus (alphaCoV), Betacoronavirus (betaCoV), Deltacoronavirus (deltaCoV), and Gammacoronavirus (gammaCoV). Then, the betaCoV genus divides into five sub-genera. Genomic studies have proven that bats and rodents are...
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Abstract There are seven types of coronaviruses appeared till now and they are different in their pathogenicity and the degree of the severity of the symptoms they cause. Phylogenetic analysis should be conducted in order to know the origin of the lethal viruses to be able to find treatments for them. In this essay, what have been found so far about the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 will be discussed. Furthermore, the animal hosts that are similar to...
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The corona viruses (2019 -ncov) infecting humans appeared in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. Since the identification of the outbreak the infection quickly spread. This illness is a type of decease that transmits between animals and humans. Based on the articles that I read the infections of human to human transmission remains unclear. In contrast, human to animal transmission can occur based on the evidence provided from natural and experimental settings. The corona virus could be started...
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Emergence of Covid-19 Epidemiology Coronaviruses first broke out on 12th December 2019 in China, more accurately in Wuhan. At that time, COVID-19 was considered as epidemic with mysterious acute infection of the respiratory track of human beings. Studies have revealed that the possible emergence of the epidemic disease was from a sea food market located in Wuhan. Following 12th December 2019, the epidemic disease was classified as a novel coronavirus (nCoV/COVID-19). We did experience SARS-COV infection in Guangdong, China, back...
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Introduction Viruses are considered as extremely successful predators as they can replicate and control the host cell synthesizing machinery. Viruses have coevolved with their hosts and thus have limited pathogenicity in any immunocompromised natural host. Viruses can exist in two forms: Extra cellular virion particles Intracellular genomes. Virions are more resistant to physical stress than genomes but are susceptible to humoral immune control. Nevertheless, to exist as a species, virus replication and transfer to a new host are essential. Virus...
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Infections are minute creatures that exist wherever on earth. They can contaminate creatures, plants, organisms, and even microscopic organisms. Here and there an infection can cause an illness so savage that it is lethal. Other viral contaminations trigger no discernible response. An infection may likewise have one impact on one kind of creature, yet an alternate impact on another. This clarifies how an infection that influences a feline may not influence a canine. Infections fluctuate in multifaceted nature. They comprise...
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