Before Malcolm X was even born, he had issues with racism and the KKK, while his mother was still pregnant with him hooded Klan members broke windows at his family home in Omaha Nebraska. Malcolm's father; Earl Little had previously made enemies with white supremacists by working with Marcus Garveyâs Universal Negro Improvement Association. Earl was an abusive father to his children. However, Malcolm being the lightest on he was able to avoid the beatings by his father. In 1973...
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Introduction African-American youth is five times more like to be incarcerated than youth of White and Latino ethnic groups. And although, African-American youth only make up 14% of youth under 18 in the U.S., 43% of African-American boys represent the male population in juvenile facilities, and incarcerated African-American girls make up 34% (Serrano, 2018). These discrepancies are the outcome of many other intersected components besides juvenile delinquency and deviant behavior. For many of these disadvantaged juveniles, their journey begins with...
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Introduction: Black Lives Matter is a powerful and influential movement that has gained significant attention in recent years. It emerged as a response to the persistent systemic racism and violence faced by Black individuals in various aspects of society. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive definition of the Black Lives Matter movement, exploring its origins, goals, and impact on social and racial justice. Definition: Black Lives Matter is a social and political movement that advocates for the recognition, empowerment,...
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 Jazz started in the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds, and was created from the establishment of blues and jazz. Jazz is viewed as 'America's old style music'. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has gotten perceived as a method for melodic articulation. Jazz is arranged by swing and blue notes, call and reaction vocals, polyrhythms, and spontaneous creation. Jazz roots are from the West African culture, in African-American music, and European military band music. Influencing every aspect of our...
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Ayana Mathis once said, âIf there had never been the Great Migration there would never have been jazz, there would never have been Michelle Obama. A lot of amazing black people exist in this country because of the Great Migration. That's nation-building.â Ayana Mathis is an African American author who has written a few books on the Great Migration, like The Twelve Tribes of Hattie, so she has a good understanding of the topic. In Mathisâs words, the Great Migration...
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Home to Harlem sold eleven thousand copies in the first two weeks of its publication, fifty thousand during its first year, and was the first best-seller written by a black writer in America. Nevertheless, its depiction of lower-class Harlemites did appall some of the American black leaders, most notoriously W.E.B. Du Bois. In his 1928 Crisis review, he wrote of Home to Harlem: 'After the dirtier parts of its filth I feel distinctly like taking a bath' (359). For DuBois...
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The Great Gatsby is a commentary on life in the 1920s as it pertains to prohibition and the racial injustice facing African Americans. It provides several instances of the underground use of alcohol and the general feeling of superiority among white people. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses Tom Buchanan to portray the way that many white people believed that African Americans were not equal to them. On many occasions, people drink and serve alcohol openly, showing how prohibition had little to...
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Currently, a persistent and highly structured racial hierarchy exists in the United States. Such a hierarchy has been central in the countryâs political development, from the countryâs founding, the longevity of African American slavery and Native American genocide, and the existence of Jim Crow laws and immigrant social segregation. The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s fought against oppressive and legal racial exclusions. Because racial exclusions persisted throughout the 1970s, race-conscious policies (affirmative action procedures) were enacted in...
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The Harlem Renaissance was a time period when African Americans moved to Harlem, New York to be themselves and express their culture through literature, music stage, performance, and art. The Renaissance occurred from 1918 to the mid-1930s. In Mother to Son, the author depicts the struggle an African American mother faced with oppression and prejudice throughout her life. In the poem the mother is talking to her son to prepare him for the difficult future he has ahead of him...
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The Significance of Duke Ellington Throughout the Harlem Renaissance, many individuals inspired and helped shape modern culture in countless ways. People such as Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Aaron Douglas, and Alain Locke all did amazing things for American culture in their own respected ways, but for me and many others Duke Ellington was the most influential of them all! From his contributions to the evolution of music and how instruments were played, to staying true to his art and defending...
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A poet whose works inspired other Harlem Renaissance poets Nella Larsen composed a novel called Passing. Nella Larsen was an author during the Harlem Renaissance. The tale happens in Harlem in the 1920s. In the novel, there are two fundamental characters whose names are Irene Redfield and Clare Kendry. They were beloved companions growing up. Both Claire and Irene are African-American women, yet their skin is light enough for them to be stirred up as European. There is a distinction...
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In attaining this objective, this paper aims to discuss an exact period of African American cultural development in America, the 'Harlem Renaissance', an important period that substantially influenced the evolution of African American theater. It examines some of the factors that have contributed to the comparatively slow progression of African American theater as a subgroup of African American literature. Finally, this paper critically examines how actors, writers, and African American society strove to overcome deep-seated barriers to the growth of...
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In âHarlem Renaissance,â Paul Tough discusses the importance of educating families in Harlem and he suggests that teaching better parenting techniques will stop the cycle of poverty for the children who live there. Tough discusses a program called âBaby College.â The three main points discussed are language introduction, the importance of a child staying in school, and punishment and discipline. First, Tough describes how reading to a child every night and speaking to them more often can greatly increase their...
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Modern contemporary artist Vanessa German reflects the idea that black people make themselves bright against the slaughter of our own names in a culture of a society that never visioned the Black Body into freedom, resources, or power. Just as Vanessa German empowers the black community by showing its resilience and voice, many artists during the Harlem Renaissance empowered the black community as well. The Harlem Renaissance was an influential time for African Americans to celebrate and show their art...
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During the 1920s and 1930s Harlem, New York became the capital for African Americans, attracting talented artists from across the country. Musicians, dancers, and poets were among those in search of a newfound life. In an era that produced bootleggers, speakeasies, and bathtub gin, Harlem was also home to some of the most notable nightclubs of all time. These nightclubs included the Cotton Club, the Plantation Club, the Lenox Lounge, and the Savoy Ballroom. Harlemâs nightlife was the birthplace of...
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For centuries, designers have been using visual art to express their feelings, inform others, and communicate with the masses to spread their message. Evidence of visual art can be traced back to the prehistoric Era, where pictographs were painted on cave walls to convey information to one another as seen in the Magura Cave in France depicting animals, humans, and other artifacts (European Regional Development Fund, 2019). Yet, in graphic design, nothing can be more aesthetically and visually appealing than...
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As history progress, many accounts of literature are likely to be encountered by authors and directors who attempt to inform and invite us to live inside the world of slavery. Living inside the fiction we learn to discern truth from falsehood, good from evil, and learn to find who we are, where we are, and where we are going. The plethora of literature produced regarding the issue of slavery doesnât do the work of discernment for us, but by inviting...
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 Duke Ellington was born in Washington, and with his music, he gained a national profile through his band's performances at the âCotton Clubâ in Harlem. Edward Kennedy âDukeâ Ellington is one of Americaâs significant composers. Ellingtonâs birth in 1999 brought in a lot of people interested in his kind of music for listeners, other musicians, and students alike. This research is an evaluation of three of Ellingtonâs songs: âOclupaca,â âCottontail,â and âEast St. Louis Toodle-O.â All three songs will be...
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Jazz was not originated on a specific day. It was created over time. According to Henry Louis, Jazz rose in the first decades of artistic gathering of a few components including ragtime band music, opera, and European classical music. When Africans were working in American farms they were prevented to talk to each other so that they could not make a revolution against them. They find a way in which they could communicate with each other by making releases of...
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In James Baldwin's thought-provoking essay, "Stranger in the Village," he delves into the profound experience of being an outsider in an unfamiliar environment. Baldwin recounts his time spent in a remote Swiss village, where he grapples with the complexities of race, identity, and the human condition. Through his introspective reflections and poignant observations, Baldwin explores themes of isolation, prejudice, and the universality of human connection. One of the central themes in "Stranger in the Village" is the profound sense of...
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In modern-day time, Detroit is the city with the highest illiteracy rate, while being the city populated with the most by black people. This is not a coincidence. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, illiteracy is the inability to read and write. Lack of funding, inadequate standardized testing, lack of discussion, inability by the government along with many more things are the root problem for Detroitâs current state of illiteracy. The most accepted belief is that the government cut funding to...
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Introduction "Through My Eyes" is a powerful memoir written by Ruby Bridges, recounting her experience as a young African American girl who became a symbol of courage during the civil rights movement. In this literary criticism essay, we will explore the themes of resilience, empathy, and the power of education in Bridges' memoir. By analyzing her compelling storytelling, vivid imagery, and profound reflections, we gain a deeper appreciation for the lasting impact of her story and her unwavering commitment to...
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How did Africans begin to conceptualize unity in thought and action beyond âNationalâ boundaries in the face of European and American imperialism? This question goes over the move from slavery in the western hemisphere, the artificial lines that were drawn across Africa by European colonialists and how they came to be, as well as how the African diaspora came to be and how the people used their similarities to understand each other and create international relationships in opposition to their...
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The Harlem Renaissance is following racial injustice and in the play, it shows that. When Mr.Lindner showed up at the Youngers home he tried to convince them not to move into the new home because they would be the first âAfrican Americanâ family to move into that neighborhood. Although he tried to make his statement convincing and non-threatening, he still offended them when they figured out he was there to make them leave. Although they were not going to cause...
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Racial Democracy? Situation Statement: As a student of African descent who was born and raised in predominantly Black communities, I am speaking to my fellow Brazilian peers (about 40 people) at the University Of Notre Dame who are predominantly white and wealthy who might think that, since Brazil is such an ethnically mixed country, people have equal opportunities regardless of skin color. I want to help them have a more thorough understanding of the obstacles, challenges, and circumstances a significant...
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In the earliest days of American film, African Americans were not in positions to produce a movie about black Americansâ, Africa, or any subject pertaining to African American lives and culture, or any subject at all. Conversely, white Americans could produce, make, and distribute any kind of film they wanted and not constrained by their race. Producing a movie about African Americans and using little to no knowledge and often based on perceived behaviors and often with unflattering, grotesque versions...
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In the essay 'The Case for Reparations', the author, Ta-Nehisi Coates, analyzes African-American history in order to further his argument that African Americans deserve some form of reparations. He argues that America has allowed for the 'plunder' of African Americans in the past and continues to do so in the present. To back his claims, Coates uses stories and evidence to connect how Americaâs well-being is due to its history of racism, slavery, and oppression. In doing so, his language...
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Introduction: Maya Angelou's essay, 'Momma, the Dentist and Me,' delves into her childhood experiences and the profound influence of her grandmother, whom she lovingly refers to as Momma. In this summary essay, we will provide an overview of the essay's key themes, memorable moments, and the lasting impact of Angelou's storytelling. Summary: 'Momma, the Dentist and Me' chronicles Angelou's childhood in the racially segregated town of Stamps, Arkansas. The essay captures the challenges she faced as a young Black girl...
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Introduction: Maya Angelou's poignant essay, 'Momma, the Dentist, and Me,' explores themes of identity, racism, and resilience. In this critical essay, we will delve into the powerful storytelling, the significance of the characters, and the profound impact of Angelou's work in shedding light on the African American experience during the mid-20th century. The Power of Storytelling: Angelou's narrative prowess is on full display in 'Momma, the Dentist, and Me.' Through her vivid descriptions and evocative language, she brings to life...
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Eric Rothâs 1994 award-winning film, Forrest Gump explores racism in American society from the 1950s to the 1980s. In âForrest Gumpâ, it can be seen that African-American people experience severe prejudice through various protests and actions performed by white Americans. The prejudice African-Americans receive was highlighted through Forrestâs good friend Bubba, an organisation called the Black Panthers and protest called âStand in the schoolhouse doorâ. In Forrest Gump, these events have been portrayed in a way that allows an exploration...
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