Introduction Context of the research focus Acts of violence and discrimination that are motivated by racial and ethnic hatred have a long history and not only in England and Wales (Bowling, 1998) but around the world (Fredrickson, 2001; Iganski and Levin, 2015,p.8). The impact of racial hate crime in some countries, such as Rwanda and Bosnia have had such a profound impact on the members of victimised groups that it has resulted in many people fleeing the country (Iganskin and...
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In the last five years, India has seen a rigorous rise in the hate crimes towards minority communities with Muslims and Dalits constituting a significant share as the victims of religious hate crimes. India is a Secular, Democratic, Republic, however, the responses from the state administration and machinery are in contradiction with these constitutional safeguard .The fairness and credibility of state apparatuses have been called into question due to its partial interventions in the hate crime cases. These crimes are...
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In today’s society, hate groups and hate crimes are growing rapidly. Hate groups are organizations of individuals whose “beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics” (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2019). These characteristics include race, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and ethnicity. Hate groups can also cause hate crimes towards individuals. Hate crime is a violent act motivated by prejudice towards a particular group of people. People who experience hate crimes...
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Criminological theories explain a wide range of criminal and deviant behaviour, where crime is and can be committed for a variety of reasons. Hate crimes, in particular, is a unique form of deviance in their own right, where the focus of the crime is on the meaning and impact of the offence itself (Perry, 2002). People who indulge in this form of crime are not gaining anything that is tangible or financially advantageous, their primary motive is to express their...
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There are two main factors associated with the heightened risk of hate-related crime: psychological and physiological aspects of individuals low self- control (Nasi et al., 2016). Hate crime is not a crime that is directed towards an individual but an entire community (Fashola, 2018). It is important to understand that the impact of the hate-related crimes is devastating, as hate crimes are “message crimes in that the perpetrator is sending a message to the members of a certain group that...
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As a new and under explored object of study, the definition of a hate crime is still not agreed on by many however it is a complex phenomenon. A hate crime is largely termed as one that involves violence which is motivated by prejudice based on religion, sexuality, race and other grounds. It has advanced in the fields of academia and criminal state within the United States, as most hate crime literature stems from an American origin and is drawn...
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Despite being a relatively new phenomenon, hate crime historically served as the “final solution”. It was enforced in the Second World War to “ethnic cleanse” Jews and was enacted in former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. In this paper, I will first define crime, and how hate crime falls within its category. Secondly, I will implement sociological theories, such as Strain Theory, Doing Difference theory, and Self-Control to analyze the topic. By exploring the material between strain, difference and self-control enable a...
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Throughout U.S history, hate crimes have been known as a crime that someone is motivated to commit based on their bias. For instance, some are based on a person’s race, gender, religion or ethnic background. Although the United States has passed laws to lower the numbers of crimes committed each year and to stop them, hate crimes is still an issue in the system today. In the past, hate crimes emerged all over the world, not only in the United...
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In May this year, a bill offering protection from attacks committed against police officers on the basis of “actual or perceived status” was enacted in the United States, and all 50 states are allowed to impose penalties for such an offense. Then, just this October, a call to consider crimes motivated by misandry, or the hostility toward men, was pushed in England after a Member of Parliament, Stella Creasy, campaigned for misogyny, or hostility toward women, to be treated as...
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Hate crimes motivated by race and ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity and disability have impacted the United States for decades and affected numerous marginalized groups. According to the United States Department of Justice, there have been 7,106 single-bias incidents of hate crimes totaling 8,493 victims in 2017. The most common motivation of hate crimes is race and ethnicity. In fact, 58.1% of those hate crimes were motivated by race and ethnicity (Justice.gov,2017). Hate crimes have a devastating impact on...
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Social media has developed rapidly over the past 20 years, from Instagram and Snapchat to Messenger and WhatsApp, social media keeps changing. A fascinating study by the New York Times consumer insight group revealed the motivations of using social media. These include a desire to reveal entertaining content to others, define themselves, help causes and to feel involved. 94% of users have social media to share information and support great causes like cancer. Almost a quarter of the world’s population...
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Understanding why people commit hate crime and why victims do not report to the police has received a considerable amount of attention from researchers. A number of theories have been discussed and for this research three areas, that are believed to be relevant to hate crime against the Indian community, will be further examined. Labelling Theory The strengths of the labelling theory encourages people to see criminal activity as a process rather than a static event. These result from actions,...
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Before getting into despise violations, one must comprehend wrongdoings from the definition has numerous definitions. For a general comprehension, a hate crime is an offense dependent on the inability, race, sexual inclination or sex, religion, and additionally estimations of another. This type of crime has numerous points since it can depend completely on who or what the motivation behind the despise wrongdoing, for example, for a conceptual purpose or condemning, detailing, and applying a reason. This paper will illuminate one...
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Marginalized population relation with the mainstream culture The meaning that the term ‘marginalized’ covers have expanded over these 40 years, beginning in the 1970s. It first began to consist of the meaning to portray the experiences of people living on the fringes of mainstream America during the social revolution in the 1970s, gradually changing its meaning to represent the minorities in society. This comprises of various cultures and populations, such as LGBTQ, racial/cultural minorities, those in poverty, or with some...
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A hate crime is a prejudice-motivated crime that happens when a perpetrator targets a sufferer due to the fact of his or her membership (or perceived membership) in a certain social team or race. Hate is a negative feeling toward someone that you would wish them harm. Hate is where murder begins. If we allow hate to stay in us and brood and grow, that is what it turns into – murder. Hate is when you can feel this sturdy...
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Hate crime is hard to characterize, measure, and clarify. In the wake of condensing a portion of the main applied issues and hypothetical points of view, we talk about the viable challenges related to information assortment. Even though the research writing stays little and to a great extent descriptive, ongoing research has started to relate hate crime examples to financial cycles, population streams, and changes in the world of politics. The task ahead is to stretch out these analyses to...
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Hate crimes in society today have been evident through the news even within local communities. As stated in Hate Crime Statistics, “In 2016 7,615 people were affected by a hate crime a 168 percent rise from 10 years ago,” (FBI Victims). If this keeps growing no one of a different race will be safe within America or even their own communities. According to Damon Karson, a hate crime analyst,”Hate crimes have targeted more groups, especially LGBT, Jews, and blacks,” (Karson,...
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Introduction Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence (TFSV) (Source A) and Misogyny as a Hate Crime (Source B) are two subjects widely discussed these days. The first Source A looks into Gender, Shame, and TFSV and the second Source B is a Parliamentary debate in the United Kingdom (UK) Parliament on considering Misogyny as a Hate Crime. TFSV refers to a range of practices where digital technologies are utilised to facilitate both virtual and face-to-face sexually based harms and Misogyny Hate Crime which...
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Hate crime is on a rise ever since awareness regarding Freedom of speech have increased. Isn’t it ironic how the same platform that gives a voice to oppressors also gives a voice to predators? When we talk about Hate crime, we all accept that hate speech is one of the main reasons for it. Hiding under the umbrella of freedom of speech, there are hatemongers and racists that utilize the useful platform of freedom of speech to gain their personal...
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There has been a drastic rise in hate crimes over the last decade and it does not look like slowing down. Just shortly before writing this there was an attack on different mosques in New Zealand where over fifty people have died and forty plus more have been injured and are in critical condition. There is no doubt that this was a heinous hate crime. These atrocious acts were committed by a white supremacist with a message to share to...
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During my research, I will be focusing on an incident that had happened between a young black 18-year-old male and the chief of police in Bordentown, NJ that took place back in 2016 and is now going to trial. At this time there is a case going on against the chief of police in Bordentown who will be facing hate crime charges against the young 18-year-old teenager. Some may think that things such as hate crime do not happen especially...
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The introduction of the internet brought about a new revolution of connectivity and communication, but along with accessibility of communication arose the simplicity to discriminate against individuals and large groups of people with the touch of a finger. Derogatory and inflammatory speech in the United States has technically been around since the country’s founding, but it was not classified as a hate crime until the expansion of the Hate Crime Laws in 2009. Though there has been debate over its...
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Chapter 1: Introduction Who’s to say a person is undeserving of basic human rights based on a simple biological factor? Countless hate groups across the United States have used biological qualities to discriminate against bodies of people for generations. Ranging from the Ku Klux Klan to Neo-Nazi groups, Anti-LGTBQ+ organizations, and more, the US has an epidemic of hate. Hundreds of hate groups perform crimes and actively discriminate against people on the ground of race, gender, sexual orientation, background, disabilities,...
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Introduction: It is undeniable that the September 11 (9-11) attacks were an extremely significant event. Specifically, 9-11 refers to the attacks on September 11 where al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked airliners and flew them into the World Trade Centre and Pentagon (Manar 2014). However, the significance 9-11 had and continues to have across a multitude of areas in not abundantly clear. Thus, what is the significance of 9-11? This paper will seek to explain what said significance is, exploring a number of...
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A familiar issue facing the United States of America is hate crimes. In the U.S. there have always been certain levels of racism and hate against what people see as different. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a government institution that tracks all the reported hate crimes in the United States, hate crime violence hit a sixteen-year high in the U.S.: There were 4,571 hate crimes against people. That means at least 4,571 people were discriminated against and...
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Introduction The use of hate and violence can often result in unfortunate events for those involved, leading to strong emotions, uncontrollable behavior, and other actions motivated by negativity. Hate speech can also lead to violent and criminal acts, as discussed by the following articles in this paper. However, the restrictions that are often imposed on hateful rhetoric or actions can walk a fine line between protecting individuals’ rights and protecting the free expression of thoughts and opinions. Understanding the fine...
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