Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded molecule made up of two chains that bend around each other forming a double helix. DNA carries the genetic/ hereditary material that makes us all unique, unless you are an identical twin. DNA was first discovered in the 1860s by Swiss chemist Johann Friedrich Miescher. Johann was researching the vital components of white...
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Due to the negative effects of antibiotics on environment and the resistance of bacteria’s to them a variety of useful feed supplements, including probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics having beneficial effects to the host was commercially produced. Recently the segment of food industry and aquaculture researchers has encouraged the development of dietary supplements with prebiotic properties, looking for the health promotion,...
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Everybody wants a perfect child, but not everyone can get their way. Babies were meant to be created naturally. This world is evolving drastically, heading straight for destruction and is moving closer and closer to being able to make babies exactly how the parents want them to look. Our people today have went from cross-breeding animals to really the actual...
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The idea of tinkering with the genes becoming a part of future generations has always existed as a muse in science fiction. Now, we have the technology and choice to change the course that thousands of years of biological evolution have taken us on. And it comes in the form of a pair of molecular scissors called ‘CRISPR’. With this...
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Abstract DNA origami nanostructures can be utilized as functional materials depending upon their arrangement into higher orders using molecular lithography process. DNA origami triangles and DNA origami 6-helix bundles (6HB) are synthesized under sodium and magnesium rich buffer solutions, adsorbed and desorbed on the negatively charged mica surface. The adsorption of origami depends upon Mg2+ that forms a salt bridge...
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Eugenics is derived from the Greek meaning “well-born”. It is the science of improving a population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Because of this, it can be closely linked to Social Darwinism, the application of natural selection to human society. Nowadays, eugenics is a term used almost exclusively with regard to Nazi Germany, however...
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The gene modification technology on humans is no a longer science fiction. In the past decade this new technology has progresses quite fast after the much-criticized success of GM foods. But this revolutionary technology is still in its infancy and thus has faced backlash regarding to safety and whether genetically engineered human is ethical within the beliefs of our current...
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Introduction Gene therapy typically involves the insertion of a functioning gene into cells to correct a cellular dysfunction or to provide a new cellular function. For example, diseases such as cystic fibrosis, combined immune deficiency syndromes, muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and many cancers result from the presence of defective genes [1]. Gene therapy is basically to correct defective genes responsible for...
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It usually takes 24-72 hours for DNA to come in, what if that process was speeded up. Imagine how fast police will catch criminals in the future. There was a time where catching criminals was way more difficult and more time consuming. The usage of finding DNA makes it much easier to catch criminals with blood and other substances. A...
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Gene editing and enhancing, which allows for a particular area in the genome to end up being targeted and changed by deleting, substituting or adding nucleotides, is currently the subject matter of very much academics, policy, and industry discussions. While not really fresh per se, gene editing has become a particularly salient topic mainly due to a relatively novel tool...
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Abstract Genome editing has recently emerged as an important tool for biomedical research and provides hope for correcting inherited diseases. New developments in genome editing have allowed scientists to manipulate a specific gene in a variety of species and tissues, including cells grown in vitro, and animal organs. This article describes the basic principles of genome editing, particularly the CRISPR/Cas9...
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What is gene cloning and how does it work? DNA cloning is the process of creating multiple identical copies of a piece of DNA extracted from an organism. The very first step of making insulin is the synthetic creation of this human insulin gene. The human insulin gene is at the top of chromosome 11 in humans. Firstly there is...
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Abstract We investigate whether a protein found in tardigrades called Damage suppressor, or Dsup, can help cells restart stalled replication forks in human cells. Tardigrades compose a phylum of microscopic animals known for their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions, and experiments have shown that Dsup prevents damage from accumulating in DNA (Hashimoto et al. 2016). Excessive stalled replication forks...
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Throughout the world there are many dangers to the health of humans—war, climate change, and resource scarcity are just a few. However, one of the largest threats to the well-being of the human species is disease. Specifically, genetical diseases such as those that infants are born with. With these diseases come scientific endeavors to try and remedy the illnesses. One...
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In the late 19th century, there was a growing curiosity about the field of molecular biology and how things in our body worked at the molecular level. This led to extensive research in the early 20th century by upcoming scientists to know how genes present in our cells helped in the regulation and functioning of the chemical processes that take...
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Throughout human history, science has uncovered the origin of a lot of things. One thing that to this day still gets debated about by scientists is the origins of homosexuality. This debate has been going on for decades and many people have tried to explain it before in the past. Many of the explanations weren’t scientifically backed because of the...
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Cracking our codes becomes reality step by step. First the Watson-Crick DNA structure, then the whole genome project, and now CRISP-R gene editing lights the way of the human code cracking. I think the gene editing on embryos should be legalized. There were many new treatments in the medication history and at the beginning they were all controversial issues. Since...
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During the past few years, there has been a demand for fish and marine products, and this demand has led to a rapid growth of the aquaculture industry (Myhr et al. 543-544). The development of genetic engineering technologies offers the opportunity to increase marine crop diversity, add traits to meet consumer preferences and overall increase productivity (Shukla-Jones et al. 11-13)....
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Initially, I was opposed to any form of genetic modification on the basis that if it did not occur naturally it should not be safe for consumption. I was not fully aware of the process and had done very little research, but it seemed unlikely that genetic modification could be a solution to the world hunger crisis. I believed that...
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Introduction Upon watching these week's videos and reading the weeks course line, I find that the most useful method in my learning about the relationship of the brain and the behavior of people is the DNA extraction method. According to (Yoshikawa, Dogruman-AI, Balaban, & Sultan, 2017), in the recent years, Microbiology labs have been given access to facilities that can...
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At their core, microarrays are simple devices used for measuring the relative concentrations of many different DNA or RNA sequences. While they have been incredibly useful in a wide variety of applications but they have a number of limitations. First limitation is that arrays provide an indirect measure of relative concentration. That is the signal measured at a given position...
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ABSTRACT Much of offspring is often affected by HIV, smallpox and cholera, this has led to a team at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen to recruit couples to allow them to genetically engineer their babies. They have planned to eliminate a gene called CCR5 (a gene involved in allowing HIV to invade cells, which is how...
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The marine fisheries sector has a very important contribution to food security and economic prosperity, since fish is an important source of protein, vitamins, iodine, and omega-3 fatty acids. Identification of the proper fish species is important for fisheries management and food product certification. Identification of marine species using traditional taxonomic methods is often a taxonomic inconsistency. To understand, evaluate,...
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Eugenics were primarily used to “improve the genetic composition of the human race” (“Introduction to Eugenics”). Traits were selectively breed to make the human race better. Many people felt that being Deaf was not a desirable trait and through selective breeding they could get rid of it. They didn’t understand that being Deaf wasn’t something the person could control. Deaf...
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It all started when researchers around the world started unraveling different techniques to clone animals and improve human diseases. Establishing perfect animal models is important, especially for the study of human diseases but transgenic technology is believed to be useful for generating animal models. Since the birth of the first transgenic mouse, hundreds of transgenic animal models have been created...
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RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Recombinant DNA Technology refers to the process by which DNA molecules of two different species are joined together and then inserted into a host for the production of new genetic combinations which are valuable to science, medicine, agriculture and industry. Steps involved in this process are: 1. Isolation of genetic material The genetic material in living organisms...
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Abstract A combination of DNA computing and a genetic algorithm is announced for RGB image encryption. The model is strong based on the scrambling technique of DNA computing operations using the crossover and mutation process and establishing a dynamic key based on a genetic algorithm, including a set of parameters such as population size, number of generation and mutation probability....
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Scientific Discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 in Gene Editing Limited scientific explorations can revolutionize a field within a short time, but experts are currently able to manipulate cells unimaginably, all due to a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology. As biologists continually sharpen instruments for deleting, replacing, and modifying DNA, CRISPR strategy has evolved into a popular genome engineering method....
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Abstract DNA purification is a process that can be done by different methods to extract a DNA from any living organism. The aim of this experiment was to purify a DNA from kiwi fruit, and once it’s extracted it can be used for molecular analyses, sequencing and fingerprinting. The main concept of purification a DNA is to isolate it from...
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Abstract Haemoglobin is a protein found in the red blood cell (RBC), which consists of 4 protein components in which 2 of the components are called alpha-globin and the other 2 are called beta-globin. This protein helps to carry oxygen around the body’s tissues and organs. This investigation focuses on beta-globin. The purpose of this investigation is to find out...
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