Circulating around the planet is a variety of viruses that are constantly evolving and infecting individuals everyday. The most well known virus that is adamant about coming each and every winter is influenza, or also called flu for short. It is advised every year, by every physician, that individuals receive their flu shot between the months of August and September...
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Introduction Longevity is determined by an effective cross-talk between deleterious processes that act on an organism over its lifetime and the physiological responses that promote effective homeostasis (Ponnappan and Ponnappan, 2011). Age‐related changes of the immune system play a role in the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to infectious diseases, vaccination failures, including the potential onset and/or progression of autoimmunity...
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A basic property of the resistant framework is its capacity to intercede self-protection with a negligible measure of inadvertent blow-back to the host. The framework utilizes a few distinct instruments to accomplish this objective, which is, on the whole, alluded to as the 'procedure of immunological resistance.' This article gives an early on verifiable review to these different systems, which...
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The immune system is our body defence system, they guard our body against infectious pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi as well as parasitic animals and protists. the immune system works to keep these harmful agents out of the body and attacks those that manage to enter. The immune system keeps a record of every microbe it has ever defeated, in...
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Influenza (flu) can be a serious illness, especially for older adults. People aged over 65 years get the greatest burden of severe flu disease. It is transmittable disease which attacks epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract and lead to local inflammation. It is transferred through droplet infection during coughing, talking or sneezing by infected person [1, 2]. 70-90 % of...
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The system is very important to people. It is the main method in the human body for fighting and avoiding infections. Additionally, it prevents the development of certain kinds of cancer. We shall help You Realize the importance of this system Consider two examples of circumstances Not work. When we know issues with the system result in such conditions, we...
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Covid 19 is still raging more than ever with 700,000 cases worldwide as at time of writing. The single most important way to fight this scourge is to build up your immune system. We will explore how the virus attacks cells immune system that produce antibodies. We will discover the ways a virus attacks the cells blinding the immunity system....
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The immune system within a pregnancy is very complex. Being susceptible to certain infectious diseases puts a pregnant woman within a special population group with an ‘immunological’ condition that is caused by pregnancy. Although, it may bring up some challenges in making decisions in regard to treating and preventing these infectious diseases and how to approach them. For years the...
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Immunity is vital in defending the body against infections. This role is taken by the immune system comprising of a complex cell, tissues, organs, and protein networks. According to Stephenson, (2017), the immune system keeps a record of each and every microbe it has ever encountered and defeated as a way of controlling a future encounter. Important the body keeps...
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The present situation in the world where the human immune system became fragile and microbes became invincible. The main reason for this is the lack of immunity due to lifestyle and eating habits. Due to which body is not getting the required nutrients to fight against the virus and bacteria. This is the main reason for the increase in diseases....
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Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), Covid-19 which is also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease which is caused by a novel coronavirus, named “SARS-CoV-2”. This disease was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and has spread globally resulting in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. According to the latest date, up to 3 May 2020,...
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Many diseases of the human body are the result of mutations in certain key genes that are responsible for the proper development, anatomy, and function of human homeostasis. Thus, unless a medication or treatment option can be found that specifically targets the consequences of a mutation - for example, a diet that avoids phenylalanine to counteract effects from phenylketonuria (PKU)...
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In recent decades, the amount of scientific knowledge available related to cancer has grown exponentially. The publication of the Hallmarks of Cancer deserves a special highlight in this history and its revision provided further insight into the main features of cancer cells and reflected the advances in research so far. The hallmarks are still an extremely valuable framework for researchers...
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Vaccination is a form of artificially acquired active immunity, meaning it is acquired through medical intervention and is a response produced by the immune system. Vaccines are “a preparation containing antigenic material used to protect people against serious and potentially deadly diseases” (Class Notes, 2019); unlike most other forms of treatment which are used to cure or treat diseases, vaccinations...
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or otherwise known as HIV, is an autoimmune disease, causing harm to those infected by attacking the immune system (NHS, 2020). This attack on the immune system leads to symptoms including tiredness and reduced ability to fight off other illnesses (NHS, 2020). Once an individual has suffered from HIV for around 8 to 10 years, whilst receiving...
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Introduction Viruses are considered as extremely successful predators as they can replicate and control the host cell synthesizing machinery. Viruses have coevolved with their hosts and thus have limited pathogenicity in any immunocompromised natural host. Viruses can exist in two forms: Extra cellular virion particles Intracellular genomes. Virions are more resistant to physical stress than genomes but are susceptible to...
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COVID 19 The Pandemic Severity of pandemics COVID 19 and MERS COV As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID 19 a disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV 2), as per the genetic and clinical evidence COVID-19 shows similarity to the previous pandemics that SARS-COV (2002) and MERS-COV (2011). The first case of COVID-19 was noticed in Wuhan,...
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, when this virus is at its most progressive stage it is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family. The genome of this virus is constituted of a single strand of RNA encapsulated in an HIV Capsid protein that forms the core shell of the virus. Moreover, the virus...
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Through prayers of Namaz, Muslims surrender to Allah five times in a day. Ask forgiveness for their own sinful deeds, seek forgiveness for all the sins committed in the creation of the world. Seek the help of Allah in every rakhat in every prostration, to be guided to the easy and straight path. Concentrated prayers purify the mind as well...
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In relation to Michael Sandel’s Justice, Jeremy Bentham’s theory draws a fine line between the decision on whether to vaccinate or not to vaccinate. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is defined as “maximizing the happiness of the community as a whole” (Sandel 34). In relation to Biss’ argument, although being vaccinated results in this “euphoria” that consists of happiness, pleasure, and...
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Introduction People nowadays seem to neglect their sleeping habits. There are various reasons for this, all different for everyone. Whatever the case is for you, the day to finally improve your sleeping habits has come. In this article you are going to find out why sleep is so important and what the magic techniques for getting good quality sleep are!...
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Introduction Sexually transmitted illnesses (STDs) are infections that spread person to person through intimate contact, STDs have an effect on everyone even babies, teenagers, healthy people, prosperous or the poor. According to WebMD (2019), it produces bacteria, parasites and viruses that have an effect on everyone, it causes many health problems but it can be more extreme for women. Human...
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Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), is an HIV prevention policy mostly for gay and bisexual people living in the UK. It involves using ARVs on those that are HIV negative and other comprehensive packages to prevent HIV transmission (Steward Kate, 2016), The importance of the policy is to create awareness and initiate people on the effective of ANT by health professionals to...
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Introduction Diseases that are known to be communicable are infectious diseases that results from growth of pathogenic agents Communicable diseases are those diseases that can be spread from one person to another such as spread through contact, airborne or can be spread through, mosquito bites, droplet, body fluids or blood products. There are several examples of communicable diseases, some require...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in 1981 among gay men in Los Angeles. HIV caused a severe infection that weakened their immune system. It was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic (MHAF, 2019), which later in 2010 became the fifth leading cause of disability in all ages (Zulfiqar, 2017). Although these were the first incidents...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks and destroys the immune system’s helper T cells, placing a person at risk for further infection and disease. Spread by bodily fluids through sexual contact, coming in contact with infected blood, and with the use of infected drug needles or equipment, HIV is becoming more and more prevalent throughout the United...
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The Philippines belong to most countries who experiencing the continually epidemic HIV, human immune deficiency virus that can destroy your immunity particularly the white blood cells that helping your body to keep away from foreign substances and killed them. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is different from HIV, it is a syndrome that can be acquired to a person which...
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Introduction Nowadays, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most serious problems faced by many countries. AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV). It is considered to be an advance stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks the immune system of an individuals and makes them susceptible to other infections and certain types of cancers (WHO,2019). HIV was firstly...
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The physical barriers of the skin include things such as the skin, tears, mucus, mucus membranes and also stomach acid. You have beneficial bacteria that grows on your skin, your bowel and other places in the body that's main function is to stop bad bacteria from taking over your body. Also, the flow of urine would wash out microorganisms that...
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