Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Background. The Oxford English Dictionary defines diversity as, “A diverse range; a variety.” Well, if you look around your workplace, you will definitely see a diverse range of people; after all, we are all individuals with unique qualities. Diversity can be in relation to religion, race, gender, age, physical ability, class, etc. Diversity is about more than just recognising differences. It is about acknowledging those differences, accepting them, and allowing them to change the way we...
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The notion that cultural variations barriers are normally accepted within the force.(Adler & Gunderson, 2008; Hofstede,1980;2001). because the economic process force becomes increasing world and additional culturally various. Those who are operating in international corporations (MNCs) face challenges in interpersonally, intercultural, and in teams. For considering the language management ways, corporations have to appraise the roadblock in 3 dimensions. the primary one is a variety of various languages the corporate must manage (the Language Diversity). The second is a variety...
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The origins of this phrase are not very clear. Its first mention was in The Times of London in May 1960: As far as building up a basis for profitable negotiations is concerned the two sides are back at square one. (Quotation found in Quinion, p. 238) The phrase is believed to have its origin in the early BBC radio commentaries of soccer matches, but this seems to be only a folk story because of the long gap between the...
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There are 6 stages of language development. Firstly, the Prelinguistic stage occurs early in a child’s life when they are exploring speech and sound. They will often cry, babble and try to mimic others. Approximately, around 10-13 months is when the child reaches the holophrase or one-word sentence phase. They are not yet able to speak full sentences so they communicate by using single words to express a complex idea in order for their needs to be met. An example...
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ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to discover the slips of the tongue in language of the businessmen in their dealings with their customers and to find out the frequency of these errors. Slips of the tongue is an unintentional speech error that occur sometimes in our communication most likely due to the unconsciousness of our mind in situations like nervousness, stress, excitement etc. The method used to collect data is recordings of the businessmen of the Liberty Market...
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Oral language is one of the key components of literacy, it is intertwined closely with reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar. Children learn language competency through repeated exposure to increasingly complex words via conversations they have with the adults around them as well as through specific language instruction provided by the teacher. Picture books provide the opportunity to develop the students’ knowledge of language and vocabulary further. The implications surrounding poor language knowledge are expansive and also indirectly affect the other...
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Now in this modern society, the world is gradually opening up and very variously countries and regions are gradually becoming together. Because of this, language has gradually become convergent. There are almost seven thousand languages around the world, but in every tow weeks, there is one language becomes perish. According to the tendency of the worldwide fashion, people nowadays are more likely to speak English or their official languages in their country or region what makes the vanishing of the...
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Sacred spaces are initially thought to be conventional interiors that are defined by rituals and tradition. However, a closer consideration towards its visual language reveals meaning behind the characteristics of a space. Constructed in 1561, St. Basil’s Cathedral of Russia, designed by Postnik Yakolev and Iran Barma, raises a new way of imagining and analysing the poetics of sacred spaces. Like many sites, it is regarded as a national icon, however, the construction of the church can also be seen...
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Language, commonly seen as a particular psychological or behavioural phenomenon, with a conceptual status comparable to other phenomena, such as learning and thinking. Subsequently, this essay will argue that language avoids the psychological condition and represents the functional aspects in which behaviour emerges and becomes action. This paper elucidates the foundations of this pragmatic speech act theory as formulated by its leading figures, philosopher and linguist J. L Austin and John Searle. The first section of this essay explores Austin’s...
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The 21st century technology has increased their visibility and the use among the ordinary people in the society. This widely spread usage of internet can be seen among Bruneians as well. By 31 December 2017, 94.6% of Brunei’s total population had access to internet and it is expected that it will further grow in 2018 (Internet world stats, 2018). The emergence of internet and modern means of communication facilitates computer mediated communication (CMC) where a new type of language has...
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As we move further into the 21st century, we are using more and more technology everyday in the field of education. However, as we study how technology affects education it is difficult to gage how it is being used in the field as a whole, unless we study individual subjects and observe what is happening. In this paper we are going to look at the education of foreign languages, and see how information systems, such as computers and the internet,...
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Over the years, the evolution of technology has made significant changes to the education landscape in Singapore. This advancement has brought about the usage of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in classrooms. This effort by the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prepare students for the digital future is part of the fourth Masterplan of ICT in education. Teachers are now aided with Information and Communications Technology (ICT) which are technological devices such as software programmes, Ipads, learning portals online in...
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A language is the method of communication which consist of a set of sounds and written symbols. It is used by the people around the world purposely for talking and writing. It makes the communication even more easier. Different countries all over the world have different languages, however in Papua New Guinea, we also have our own language or the mother tongue. Papua New Guinea is a type of country located at the north of Australia, which is full of...
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As it has been claimed by Agheyisi and Fishman (1970), language attitudes have been the most indispensable concept in sociolinguistics. Ryan (1982) has defined attitude as “a learned disposition to think, feel and behave toward a person or a class of objects in a particular way”. This interpretation emphasizes the positive and negative emotional responses that attitude embodies, and thus, language attitudes consist of an affective component, and extend to thought and behavior as well. In addition to this, Oppenheim...
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Abstract To write an abstract, finish your paper first, then type a summary that identifies the purpose, problem, methods, results, and conclusion of your work. After you get the details down, all that's left is to format it correctly. Since an abstract is only a summary of the work you've already done, it's easy to accomplish! 2.Introduction Background History Welsh language is one of the oldest languages in Europe as it approximately derived from 4000 years ago. [3] According to...
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It has been widely recognised in the language teaching profession that learners need not just knowledge and skill in the grammar of a language but also the ability to use the language in socially and culturally appropriate ways (Byram, Gribkova, Starkey, 2002). Hence the National Curriculum in England underlines the importance of “liberating learners from insularity” (DfE, 2014) and familiarising them with the target culture through a “variety of authentic resources” (DfE, 2014) such as stories, poems and songs. In...
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Introduction In this essay, I will examine the roots of my belief that the current use of language surrounding special needs and learning disabilities provides a sufficient label that enables appropriate support to be provided to individuals. Due to the nature of language, which is “dynamic and everchanging”, many terms that were once used as scientific or medical terminology are no longer deemed politically correct or are viewed as offensive or derogatory as a direct result of them being used...
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Kon'nichiwa. Nǐ hǎo. Bonjour. Namaste. All forms of greeting one another, yet each are intrinsic to anthe expression of their own unique culture. Language is a means of communicating values, beliefs and customs, it carries an important social function and fosters feelings of group identity and solidarity. Preserving values and tradition, “Language is the foundation of civilisation. It is the glue that holds people together.” However, language is also the reason for destructive forces, misunderstandings and disagreements, “It is the...
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Language is defined as “a system of communications which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols which are used by people from a particular country or region” (collins-dictonary, N/A). It is split into several key components including phonemes which are defined as “smallest unit of sound” (mitchell & ziegler, 2013) which when used in varying combinations form morphemes which are defined as the “smallest unit of meaning” (mitchell & ziegler, 2013). Language is characterised by being pragmatic meaning...
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Language is one of the most powerful things that we need to survive in this world; without language, we could never be free enough to speak and to express what we want to say in our daily lives without using it. One way we can apply this is by code-switching. Code-switching as a concept is really interesting by definition it is what happens when people who speak multiple languages alternate between two or more often times within the same phrase...
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Most of the time, we have always considered that the way we view the world is the same between cultures. There’s up, down, left, right, past, present, and so on. But what if that wasn’t the case? What if the language we were raised speaking changes the way we think, and how we view reality? This is the question posed by linguistic relativity. Linguists have long been interested in answering this question. The problem is, nobody knows how to properly...
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Traditional language manifests essential bonds through cultural identity which shapes ethnic domain and individuality. Communication empowers how ideas are contrived within society because of diversification and its impact on people. In Gloria Anzaldúa’s ruminative essay, How to Tame A Wild Tongue, she emphasizes how language and culture are inseparable and that a native tongue ties in with the identity of an individual. Anzaldúa also explores the emotional aspects of suppression by patrimonial language through pathos and anecdotes. Gloria Anzaldúa’s How...
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Introduction Human achieves language by being in a culture, it is passed down to generation and the next. This is what Yule (2010.p.14) described as cultural transmission. Humans do not inherit language they achieve them which means that language is not transferred through genes of the parents it is obtained by being with other speakers. Furthermore, Yule states that a human child is not a fully articulate language-user, the human child only starts being an active language-user during what Yule...
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Introduction A world language can be defined as a language that is spoken around the world and learnt by many people as a second language (Baker & Jones, 1998). However, what exactly makes a world language, a world language? There are five common assumptions typically associated with world languages and in this essay, they will be discussed and evaluated along with other relevant factors. Assumptions of world languages The five assumptions are: 1. World powers make world languages The concept...
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The human personality is part into two sides of the equator. The left half of the globe is the 'legitimate contemplations' and is worried in language and evaluation and the correct side of the equator is the 'innovative musings,' worried in having a pipe dream and imagination. The left half of the globe controls the correct side of the body simultaneously as the best possible side of the equator controls the left perspective. The soonest considers on discourse and language...
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The poems, “Elena”, by Pat Mora, and, “Translation for Mama”, by Richard Blanco, are both about having obstacles in communication, disconnection in family, and identifying themselves as individuals.These two poems reflect on issues in communicating and trying to adapt themselves into English as a new language and in a new environment. Mora mostly focuses on how a mother thinks that she is not able to fulfill her obligation as a mother due to her little knowledge of English. While, Blanco...
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In this essay I will be explaining the terms of language, literacy and numeracy. I will be identifying and describing the developmental stages of each and finally, I will evaluate theories I have implemented on placement and describe the effectiveness of this. Language is the human form of communication and it can be expressed in various ways. Language can be communicated through speech, written word, symbols, signs etc. Language is always developing and becoming broader as we discover new words,...
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According to me, surnames or last names are really important for an individual. By this I mean surnames provide a background history and knowledge about our family and ourselves too as it is very important to know where we came from and who our ancestors are. If I talk about my family, I am a single child of my parents but I have a joint family with a lot of cousins. My grandfather was the eldest of his brothers and...
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ABSTRACT This paper explains about the published articles from online resources that give a solution to immediate language translation in order to maintain situational understanding and information collection. As technology shrinks the distance between nationalities and cultures, language remains a barrier that still prevents a shared perceptive between the pair. This paper will look at how technology has evolved and removed the language barrier through modern technology. As the technology is bringing the world closer, the language barrier has become...
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Communication plays a vital role in our everyday lives. We use it in all aspects of our daily living. Of course, when there is communication, there is an existing language whether verbal or sign language. It serves as a means for conversing either spoken or written. But how did we acquired language? By means of what? There are many sorts of theories that tells how we acquired this so-called language. The 'mother tongue' theory was put forward within the year...
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