As previously mentioned, collective memory is created through the process of communication, by using the individual memory of every member in a group. This is because, even if the same event is witnessed by a group, every member of that group may have a different recollection and memory of that event. Each person in a group will have their memory,...
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In today’s day and age, the terms “Inclusive” and “Inclusion” are used interchangeably, in the education world and in today’s society. Novak (2018) has defined Inclusion as “involving all children in class regardless of their capabilities and variability” while defining Inclusive as the actual practice wherein children are given opportunities to learn through cooperative and adaptive learning. These approaches serve...
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Learning disability is “a form of delayed developments in one or more development areas such as speech, language, reading, writing arithmetic or other school subjects resulting from a psychological handicap caused by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/or emotional or behavioral disturbances” (Adam and Tatnall, n.d. p.2). While the word ‘special need’ is sometimes used to connote learning disability, however, Adam...
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Growing up I seemed to always be accused of being lazy and stupid. I suppose this day was every other average day, Ms. Robinson, my kindergarten teacher called my parents after school to discuss my behavior issues. “Your daughter refuses to carry out my simple instructions when I ask her to silently read or to complete homework”, - I remembered...
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Research Question 1 A study was made to investigate flashbulb theory. This theory states that these memories or recollections for the conditions in which one initially learned of an exceptionally consequential and emotionally triggering event. A critical aspect of this study was to inspect the supposition that individuals recall sorts of open public events exceeding those common occasions that happened...
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How does our working memory do encoding and remember depend on 2 factors: depth of processing and emotion factor (Craik and Lockhart, 1972 as cited in Saul McLeod, 2007). Craik & Tulving (1975) mentioned depth of processing refers to: the deeper we process the information, the information will likely to stay in our memory longer. Depth of processing is further...
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Have you ever found yourself “filling in” details of a story you were telling, even if the details weren’t exactly true? That is because you cannot trust your memory for many reasons. Your memory is not a camcorder and only picks up the gist of what people are telling you while filling in the gaps on it’s own, “repressed” memories...
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It goes without saying that the study of human memory has been well researched and studied for psychologists and neuroscientists for many years, needless to say, there have been several case studies with amnesic patients to help psychologists gain an insight into the understanding of short- and long-term memory. There have been several amnesic patients that have helped Psychologists and...
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Diseases of the Skeletal, Integumentary, and Nervous Systems The human body is made up of nine systems at the organ system level. These nine systems are made up of organs that have certain structures that promote functioning together, and similar functions and the systems working together constitute an organism. Diseases that affect three of these nine systems, the skeletal system,...
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Abstract It is believed that various regions of the Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) are majorly involved for the coordination activations in disparate parts of the cortex, and these activations help in the information representation for the Autobiographic Memories (AM). Hence, any type of physical damage to the MTL would cause difficulty in the retrieval of AM. Patient M.S. suffered from...
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Cultural dimensions are a multitude of indicators that were studied and consequently created by Geert Hofstede, an IBM employee. He traveled the world and surveyed other IBM employees. His job required him to study how a multinational organization and how employees worked together. This study was crucial to IBM as workplace misunderstandings could affect the finances of a multinational corporation....
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General Psychology Module Five Reflection Human behavior is often followed by a pleasant or unpleasant outcome. When behaviors are followed by a desirable outcome, the behaviors are likely to be repeated. When behaviors are followed by an unpleasant outcome, they are less likely to occur (King, 2019). These pleasant and unpleasant outcomes are called reinforcements. Reinforcement is the process by...
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Introduction Memory plays a pivotal role in shaping human cognition and behavior, serving as the cornerstone for learning, decision-making, and personal identity. However, the reliability of human memory is a topic of significant debate, particularly regarding flashbulb memories. These are vivid, detailed recollections of the circumstances surrounding a shocking or significant event. First coined by Brown and Kulik in 1977,...
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Abstract There are three types of dissociative disorders dissociative amnesia, depersonalization-derealization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder, all three have similar symptoms of feeling disconnected from reality however each disorder has very complex problems that make the person suffering from it have trouble in everyday interactions and can ruin someone’s life if they don’t get the help they need. The main...
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How learning is affected when having a Learning Disability From starting a fire to writing a thesis learning has always been the bridge to any goal attainment. It generates new knowledge which in turn gives us the ability to make better choices in both daily and academic life. Almost every western society promotes the importance of learning because it can...
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Critical Thinking Thesis: Learning Disabilities, specifically dyslexia This topic interests me because I am familiar with people who suffer from learning disabilities. This made me want to explore in detail, the learning disability called dyslexia. I have a younger sibling who has not yet been definitively diagnosed with a learning disability however, specialists say that he has a 25% delay....
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Learning disability is defined as a significant lifelong difficulty in learning and understanding, practising the skills needed to cope with everyday life, and that there is evidence that these difficulties started before 18 years of age (Gates et al, 2015). This essay will discuss critically, recent theories and methods applied in order to prioritise and safely meet the health and...
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Introduction Language-based learning disabilities (LBLDs) represent a significant challenge within the educational landscape, affecting a considerable number of students worldwide. These disabilities, characterized by difficulties in processing linguistic information, can influence various aspects of learning, from reading and writing to speaking and listening. According to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, approximately 15-20% of the population has...
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Formative assessment Scenario 1 Patrick is a 28-year-old white Scottish male; he has a diagnosis of mild learning disability and Autism. Patrick has epilepsy, which is poorly controlled with Sodium Valproate (500mg twice daily), and his mood is stabilized using Citalopram (20mg daily). Patrick lives in shared accommodation, he shares with one housemate. The housemate has only recently moved into...
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Multiple Sclerosis, widely referred to as MS, is a lifelong, progressive medical condition that affects the central nervous system. There are currently around two million people worldwide that suffer from the condition and it is currently incurable. It affects both white and grey matters of the CNS and it’s underlying neuropathology leads to loss of myelin/oligodendrocyte complex, as well as...
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects people in their young age. Pathogenic mechanisms that bring about the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) have yet to be clearly identified, but considerable evidence indicates autoimmunity plays an important role in its etiology. Autoimmune diseases like MS are postulated to arise from complex interactions...
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Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often debilitating disease that impacts the central nervous system (CNS), affecting millions of individuals globally. Characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of myelin, the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers, MS leads to impaired communication between the brain and the rest of the body. This disease manifests in a variety of symptoms that vary in...
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Mental Illness has for a long time had a stigma about it, in not only real life but how it is portrayed on screen. Finding Dory is a movie that gives us a glimpse into what it is like for people who suffer from anterograde amnesia, the daily struggles and emotions that are felt. We get to see the growth...
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According to Psychology Today, “Research shows that 8 to 10% of American children under the age of 18 have some type of learning disability”. When a child tries their hardest and still struggles in an area of learning, a red flag will be waived for a learning disability. With a child having a learning disability does not categorize them as...
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Introduction Dyslexia, a learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, affects approximately 5-10% of the global population (Shaywitz, 2003). While considerable research has been dedicated to understanding its cognitive dimensions, the socio-emotional impact of dyslexia is equally profound yet often underexplored. Individuals with dyslexia frequently experience feelings of frustration,...
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There are many conditions that are faced by the population across the lifespan. At times, it may be difficult to cope with being diagnosed with a condition in the early stages, especially the conditions that are diagnosed at an early age between 18-25. It is extremely important to be aware of some of the common conditions and their manifestations to...
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Long-term memory (LTM) can be broadly defined as a store of information that is held indefinitely, with a near-limitless capacity (Cowan, 2008); this is estimated to be around 2.5 petabytes on average (Reber, 2010). LTM can be sub-divided into two main systems (Curran, 2014), one being declarative memory which stores information that requires conscious recollection, including episodic memories (EM), enabling...
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Children with special educational needs require their learning to be taloried to meet desired learning objectives. In addition, children who have significantly greater difficulty learning often struggle to keep up with others of the same age, due to the severity of their disability and therefore extra school support is needed. One of the most prevalent learning disabilities found within pupils...
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In a world where human rights for every person are being discussed and fought for, whether it be a movement for women’s rights, rights for fathers or the LGBT community – this is all becoming normal in society – but what exactly is normal? Normalcy, like many things in the world is misunderstood – some may believe their traditions, values...
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Introduction Of Pakistan: Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a semi industrialized economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector and a growing services sector. Pakistan's political...
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