Introduction to the Controversy of Affirmative Action Today, it would be racists who use the tags “minority” and “intellectually impaired” together. However, it is that precise attitude that is promoted by the defenders of affirmative action, a system that is firmly entrenched in the mindset that minorities would be unable to succeed on a level playing field. Based on historical precedence, the legal basis for affirmative action is not well supported. It attempts to protect equality and promote diversity, but...
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Dr. Patricia Williams, a renowned researcher of law and race argues the want for affirmative action based on race. I completely agree with this argument as research has shown that “Race-based affirmative actions promote diversity”. Embracing diversity by using Affirmative action leads to equity. Affirmative action and diversity deal with the issues that are related to discernment, but in diverse ways. Below are some of the viewpoints in favor of this argument. Affirmative Action: Affirmative Action is a practice or...
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In George Sher's article 'Diversity', he stresses and contends for the significance that preferential treatment has in expanding and improving diversity in the scholastic and business world. To do as such he spreads out four central key points that represent the thinking behind the contention that preferential treatment ought to be given to those of various ethnic, racial, and sexual identification in the working environment and scholastic foundations. The four points that he argues are, 'a requirement of justice, intrinsically...
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Race is a common term used to describe people who have common visible physical traits, such as one’s skin color. Ethnicity is a common term used to describe people who belong to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition. These two terms are different because race refers to physical characteristics that people inherit from their previous generations. On the other hand, ethnicity refers to tradition and it is not something that is inherited, rather it is...
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The article expresses the opinion that affirmative action is required to “rectify past discriminatory actions that prohibited ethnic minorities from equal access”, and that past injustices are still affecting members of that particular group today. It is right to acknowledge such acts and the flow effect they still have on members of these ethnic groups in society today but is it morally right for a member of a non-minority ethnic group to suffer to correct these wrongs? It does not...
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Introduction and background Affirmative Action (referred to as 'AA' for later) is an executive order issued by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 to 'take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin' (Birnbaum 17). While few challenge Kennedy’s morality for AA, many question the efficacy of his policy. Popularly believed to aim at amending identity-based disparities, AA has sparked controversies around a...
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In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. Constitution allows for race to be a factor in admissions decisions to further a compelling interest in student body diversity if the policy in question is narrowly tailored. Two prominent constitutional law scholars, Derrick Bell, and John Hart Ely, would criticize the majority’s ruling in similar and different ways. Ely provides a useful starting point for equal protection jurisprudence and a procedural framework centered around the prejudice of the...
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Today’s society is becoming increasingly aware of the elements of “diversity” and “equity” and to ensure their implementation, the government as well as employers are dependent on affirmative action legislature. These policies are set by the government to provide a platform for the minorities in the community, who are discriminated against in almost all aspects of their daily lives. In one sense these affirmative action laws are a blessing for the people who fall prey to victimization based on their...
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In this essay, I will argue that, though I agree with Harris and Scully (2015), and Ferguson (2015) that the project toward new forms of social welfare systems should emerge, I still insist that this project can only be attained when the South African state introduces new and upcoming graduates to the historically established affirmative action policy. In the first section, I will present this by providing a summary of Silver's (2003) and Arrighi, Aschoff, and Scully’s (2010) understanding of...
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Introduction China’s economy has undergone rapid growth over the past few decades, with its GDP almost tripling from 2000 to 2007 (World Bank Staff, GDP of China 2018). Urbanization — the migration of people from rural to urban areas — is “[central] to driving economic growth” (Montgomery 2008). In 2005, urbanization was responsible for 10.98% of the economic growth in China (Song et al. 2018). Because urban residents contribute 6.59 times more to the economy than rural residents (Song et...
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What are the three (3) rationales in favor of Affirmative Action Sandel presented (taking race and ethnicity into account in hiring and admissions policies)? The first rationale in favor of affirmative action is correcting for bias in standardized tests. It is believed that African and Mexican student score lower than a compared white students. Because of this a student who gets one score in a more diverse community and school and another student who gets the same school but when...
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To express opinions on a subject, we must first understand the concept of the same. What is the actual meaning of affirmative action? In short, affirmative action means taking positive steps to increase the representation of women and minorities in education, employment, and culture, which have historically been excluded. The concept of affirmative action was first proposed and signed by John F. Kennedy in 1961. Its main objective was to stop malicious acts of racism, which had segregated or broken...
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The arguments in support of strong affirmative action that talks about diversity are that it brings more people to the table and with this more ideas. With more people that are included in a group, community, jobs, or involved it means that there are more ideas and more tolerance to new upcoming and different points of view. Like I have said previously in my other works, it was a woman that came up with the equation that took us to...
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America Torn Apart By Affirmative Action “Who is accepted into the finest professional programs and colleges? What candidate should be employed or promoted? After all, affirmative action is about fairness: What is fair in America?” Terry H. Anderson questions said issues in his book “The Pursuit of Fairness,” where he speaks on the core issues of everyday citizens: equality, choice, and fairness. He argues that affirmative action holds the keys to prosperity in the U.S., this being higher education, housing,...
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People might perceive the situation in this example above to be unfair to white students since they believe that admission should be based solely on grades. Others may perceive it as a step to lessen the minority groups' disadvantages. While affirmative action’s purpose is more involved than the example provided above, it gives an idea of how it’s usually perceived by different individuals. In my opinion, affirmative action is necessary to reduce the prevalence of discrimination and racism in our...
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Affirmative action refers to taking positive action so that women can represent women and minorities in the fields of employment, education, and culture, which have been excluded throughout history. Affirmative action is a tool used to ensure that all sectors of society are represented in specific areas. In the field of science, women have always been a minority. From elementary school to college, it is common to see more men in science-related courses, contests, and classrooms, as if science is...
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Affirmative action laws began when in the early 1960s judicial rulings believed it to be a duty of local school boards to desegregate areas that were formerly in dual school systems under the Jim Crow laws and to eliminate the remnants of institutional racism in schools. The next step in the process came a few years later when the legislative and executive branches of the US government decided to implement laws and regulations that authorized pro-diversity hiring and admissions processes...
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Affirmative Action is a policy that was developed in the 1960s to address inequality in education by taking race and gender into consideration in order to benefit a historically underrepresented group. Affirmative Action is the practice of taking race, gender, sexual orientation, and more into consideration in order to benefit a historically underrepresented group. Affirmative Action was a program based on ending discrimination, but it has only made discrimination worse. It has caused segregated dorms and many minorities to be...
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Anti-discrimination law is a highly debated topic in today’s society. With non-governmental organizations lobbying for equality and the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by most nations, there has been a concerted effort to eliminate all forms of discrimination. However, this eradication of discrimination does not come without a cost. In recent years, the polarising concept of ‘affirmative action’ has garnered much attention. This essay will analyze a common argument made against affirmative action – that affirmative action...
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Introduction Affirmative action has long been a topic of debate, with proponents arguing that it is a necessary tool for addressing historical inequalities and promoting diversity, while critics claim that it perpetuates reverse discrimination and undermines the principles of meritocracy. In this essay, we will examine the arguments put forth by Newton in his critique of affirmative action, focusing on the perceived injustices that arise from its implementation. While acknowledging the importance of addressing historical disparities, we will critically analyze...
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Introduction Lyndon B. Johnson's Affirmative Action Speech delivered on September 24, 1965, remains one of the most influential and thought-provoking addresses in American history. In this rhetorical analysis essay, we will explore the key elements of Johnson's speech, dissecting his persuasive strategies, and examining how he effectively argued for the importance of affirmative action in addressing racial inequality in the United States. Thesis Statement Through his skillful use of rhetorical devices, including emotional appeals, logical reasoning, and a call to...
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Introduction Affirmative action is a policy that aims to address historical inequalities and promote equal opportunities for marginalized groups in areas such as education and employment. While it has been a subject of debate, it is crucial to recognize the ethical principles underlying affirmative action. This persuasive essay will explore the ethical dimensions of affirmative action, demonstrating how it aligns with principles of fairness, justice, and social equity. I. Equity and Equal Opportunity Affirmative action is rooted in the principle...
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Introduction As much as a campus is built with the brick and mortar of physical structures and buildings, it is also built through the composition of its student body. Admission decisions have a critical and distinctive role in establishing diversity and inclusion on college campuses (Winkle-Wagner & Locks, 2014). For this reason, it is imperative that the University establish use of affirmative action policies within the configuration of admissions decisions. This is not to suggest that qualified applicants be rejected...
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Introduction to Affirmative Action and Its Purpose Imagine growing up as a child with the mindset that you want to become a successful engineer. You study hard, get into college, and graduated at the top of your class. Suddenly, you are gifted the opportunity of a lifetime when a top-tier company has a vacant position in your area of expertise. After applying for the position, sending in your resume, and outshining all the other people that applied, you don’t get...
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Overview: My research question was originally on hate crimes and domestic American policies combating it. However, after my literature review, I decided to narrow it. Specifically, I decided to focus on federal American government policies rather than examining regions or states. Moreover, I aimed to address educational government policies that target racial groups and their potential for racial discrimination and outcomes of educational equity. Specifically, I aimed to examine the analysis of affirmative action policies in public universities and public...
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Affirmative action is legally required and needed in order to assure the diversity of student bodies, workforces, and organizations. It also helps insure that selection procedures and decisions are fair. However as noted previously, poorly constructed affirmative action programs can cause real harm and AAPs have been put into negative light recently by suspicion of putting race in front of merit. Paying attention to proper implementation is important. Therefore, we have few recommendations that include weak preferential treatment affirmative action...
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Introduction Higher education has become a necessity for any individuals aspiring to further themselves on a personal path to success. Rightfully so, a college diploma seems to be one of employers’ primary concerns throughout the hiring process. Unfortunately, this path-producing paper requires years of hard work and thousands of dollars. This leaves many students having to choose between debt and future career opportunities. Scholarships, legacies, and financial aid are not granted as often as colleges would like potential students to...
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Abstract Notably, the debating of multiculturalism is still a hot topic in the United States, and different people has different understanding towards multiculturalism, during 1960s, an policy is established and meant to enhance the equality of the working environment which make sure that every race has the same opportunities of getting the job, this is the affirmative action policy, lately it has drawn to the education field which many Universities has adopted it while the administration department is making decision...
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Higher-level education has become the main differentiation for economic prospects and job opportunities for many working-class individuals. Who receives this education has come to the forefront of many public discussions. In the past, college admissions have been based on intellectual capacity with favors for minority races through the process of affirmative action. However, recently, due to the gap in the economic status of citizens in the United States, a new method has been introduced: socioeconomic affirmative action. In order to...
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Introduction Affirmative action and employment at will are topics of legitimate concern, especially for employers and employees. Previously, but more imperatively, managers and companies should be mindful of the legal ramifications that may happen if they neglect to properly understand the importance of discrimination in the workplace. Albeit union affiliations, Congress did not have a hand in many cases for discrimination until 1963, where Martin Luther King Jr. led the civil rights March on Washington. This march encompassed people of...
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