DNA represents deoxyribonucleic acid. It’s the hereditary code that decides all the qualities of a living thing. DNA in the living cell is exposed to numerous concoction changes, the hereditary coding in DNA needs to stay uncorrupted or unaltered. An inability to fix DNA delivers a mutation. DNA repair deficiency is an ailment because of diminished usefulness of DNA repair. DNA repair defect can cause a quickened maturing illness or an expanded danger of cancer or both some of the...
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INTRODUCTION ARBITRARY PRIMED PCR The Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) is a type of PCR which is also known as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). It is based on DNA fingerprinting technique in which primers are used whose nucleotide sequence is arbitrarily chosen. After the invention of PCR it was realized that short primer would bind on several locations in a genome and thus could multiple fragments. In 1990 J. Welsh and McClelland uses long primers but lowers primer...
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Introduction The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) having a place with the family Arecaceae [1], a diploid oil-delivering crop with a genomic size of 1.8 Gb [2], is one of the most important oil-bearing crops in the world. It is a large feather palm having a solitary columnar stem, short internodes, and short spines on both the leaf bases and within the fruit bunches [3]. It has irregular sets of leaflets on the leaf, which gives the palm its characteristic...
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Eugenics has had many different faces throughout history and it is still prevalent in the world today. Laura Hix of Northwestern University does a good job of introducing eugenics. She starts by explaining eugenics means “good genes”. It is derived from the Greek word “eu” meaning good and “genos” meaning offspring. Before eugenics was applied to humans, it worked to improve the genetic traits of crops to make farming more efficient. Now, modern genetics focuses on repairing the “faulty” genes...
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Abstract This paper presents the design of Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell with a dimension of 2.1m x 1.2m x 0.81m over a frequency range from DC up to 1 GHz using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. Different design parameters such as tapering length of central conductor (septum), transition in the apex, septum height etc. were taken into consideration before finalizing the dimensions of the cell. The field uniformity inside the cell and volume...
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Abstract Each active life has complex molecules in their cells called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) which are responsible for all biological features. These DNA molecules are further reduced into grander structures called chromosomes, which together compose the being’s genome. Genes are size altering DNA sequences which comprise code that are frequently used to produce proteins. There has been a struggle to reliably try to identify the gene sequences since the entire anthropological genome has been sequenced. Gene classification and prediction are...
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ABSTRACT DNA Fingerprint is a real technique that is used in labs. DNA fingerprint was discover in 20th Century. This survey quickly thirty years of progress in measurable. DNA sample that accrued in crime scene like stains of blood, semen, saliva or hair born material as well. In DNA Fingerprint many applications are used for many different purpose which contain advantages and disadvantages too. Now a day it is very useful technique. INTRODUCTION What is DNA Fingerprint? DNA finger print...
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Gene editing can be defined as a process whereby biotechnological techniques are used to alter certain parts of a genome to obtain favorable characteristics that can be passed down to successive generations (Webster, 2020). There are many ethical issues around the modification of the genome which raises a question on whether we should edit the human genes or not. Considering the safety that is compromised, religion, issues of future conflicts, loss of diversity and the social imbalances it brings about,...
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Genes, the very fabric which makes us who we are. What is Gene editing? This technology enables scientists to change or modify the DNA sequences in living organisms. Scientist may have gone to another but questionable level. Should we play as a Supreme Being by choosing our desirable characteristics and even so does this make it right? In this essay we will be discussing the ethical issue revolving around gene editing. Gene editing has been around for quite some time...
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Gene editing sometimes known as genome editing is a scientific process of deliberately altering slightly changed to the DNA of a cell or an organism. It uses advanced technological tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 which is said to make people’s lives better but not entirely ensuring a better future for the next generations yet to come. Germline genome editing which is the main focus of this thesis statement refers to the genome editing that happens during a reproductive cell or embryo...
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Not too long ago the idea of genetic enhancement of babies was something of science fiction. However, we have come to realize that this medical procedure is no longer fiction and is very close to becoming a reality. As experts begin to acknowledge this as an alternative, whether for medical or superficial reasons, they are considering the safety concerns involved in the process of gene modification. This medical process is still in the nascent experimental stage and it needs time...
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Tandem – repetitive minisatellite DNA portion of human can be used to produce someone’s specific Dna fingerprint. Studies shows the reliability of the analysis. Dna is the genetic fabric which is present in all the cells of the body. This molecule present a few characteristics, as VNTR, special present in different people. This can be a key in the improvement of few method, in this case DNA fingerprinting. This strategy has simple steps that we are going survey in this...
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Abstract In current era of ubiquitous smart devices, detecting malware is becoming an endless battel between ever evolving malware and anti-virus program which leads to increase in day-by-day processing of security related data. For detecting those malware various approaches has been developed over time. One of the approach among them is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis. This includes comparision of sequencs in order tosearch similarity, identification of intrinsic features of sequence search, identification of differences and variations, revealing the evolution...
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Introduction As most people know, DNA is the heredity material in humans. What some people may not know is that DNA is the heredity material in all living organisms. DNA is mostly found in the nucleus of the cell, which is enclosed with a nuclear membrane. Contained within the membrane is the majority of the cell’s genetic material. The main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information. DNA was first discovered in 1869 by Friedrich...
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Abstract The idea that genes can be patented has been a constant, controversial issue from the very beginning. Today, patents are granted for DNA sequences that have been obtained from genes that have been removed from the human body and purified. This then becomes something that has been man-made and not a product of nature, therefore making it patentable. Biochemical Connections: Law The ongoing issue of gene patents has long been an emotional and controversial one. Gene patenting is an...
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Microbiome Research The term “microbiome” is defined as the collection of the microbial taxa or microbes and their genes. Thus, it gives an idea of all the organisms and genomes that composes a sample (Xia, Sun, & Chen, 2018). In 2005, with advances in DNA-sequencing technologies such as 454 Pyrosequencing and Illumina sequencing, researchers started to analyze DNA extracted directly from a sample rather than from individually cultured microbes (Eckburg, et al., 2005). This approach has been widely studied in...
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DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the primary hereditary material in a human body. The Human DNA is double helical in structure. Majority of the DNA is present in nucleus of the cell called the Nuclear DNA, and some in the mitochondria of the cell called the mitochondrial DNA. The DNA complexes with proteins to form chromosomes which contain our genes and all genetic information. DNA FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUE It is a technique in which a sample of DNA is...
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Gene modification is the process of altering genetic structure of species. That has happened indirectly through controlled or selective plant and animal breeding for thousands of years. Now with modern biotechnology its much more efficient making it easier and faster to target a specific gene by genetic engineering for more precise alteration of the organism. This is usually achieved by the CRISPR-Cas9 method. The CRISPR-Cas9 method consists of two main molecules that trigger a mutation in the DNA. They are...
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Introduction This report will discuss some general topics on DNA Methylation and its link with aging. First paragraph will talk about DNA Methylation in general, second paragraph will discuss DNA Methylation and its link to X-Chromosome inactivation, third paragraph will discuss DNA Methylation and its correlation with Cancer, and in the fourth paragraph will discuss DNA Methylation relationship to Aging. Basic information about DNA Methylation DNA methylation controls gene expression in organisms. Gene slicing through methylation happens by the activity...
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It was hypothesised that if the fruit was mixed with dishwashing liquid, salt, water and ethanol, then DNA would be extracted. This was supported. The aim, of the experiment was to extract DNA from fruit and look at it under the microscope. This was achieved based on the results of the experiment. Adequate amounts of DNA were extracted from the grapes. The dishwashing liquid was used in the DNA extracting solution as it bursts open the cells of the fruit,...
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Imagine being told that you have an incurable genetic disease and you will slowly die. There is no treatment to save your life, all you can pray for is a little bit of hope. Gene therapy is that hope that chance you may now have at surviving or living longer. Hi, my name is Grace and today I will be doing a TED talk on gene therapy and the positive and negative ways it influences Catholic Social Teachings. Gene therapy...
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Evolution of Herbicide Resistance Weeds On a large geographical scale, many independent evolutionary events could simultaneously interplay for the emergence of herbicide resistance (Bonny, 2016). Regular use of glyphosate on a considerable proportion of GM crop fields makes the assumption of glyphosate resistance development a reasonable hypothesis. It is not mandatory for weeds to be a poorer competitor than susceptible weeds as no fitness differential was detectable between susceptible and resistant biotypes (Busi et al., 2013). In tolerance development, various...
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Apurinic and apyrimidind (abasic or AP) sites are the most common DNA lesions that have the ability to block replicative polymerases. Stem cell-specific 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-binding protein (HMCES) covalently crosslinks to the AP site and prevents genome instability. An HMCES DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) with an AP site within a 3′ overhang DNA is able to shield the Ap site from endonucleases and error-prone polymerases. The conserved SOS-response associated peptidase (SRAP) domain of HMCES and its Escherichia coli ortholog YedK are able to...
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Recently, a scientist in China named He Jiankui, posted his results of gene-edited twins using CRISPR to prevent the embryos from contacting HIV, whose father was a HIV-positive. This incident raised heated and controversial debate about the premature gene-editing technology and whether its use is ethical on humans. Some support it, while most are concerned about the potentially harmful effects. In this article, benefits and risks of such technology and implications will be discussed. Firstly, the benefits of gene editing...
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INTRODUCTION METAVERSE Dual-Chain is a block-chain system that satisfactorily implements the Dual-Chain Network Setup or Architecture (DNA) in providing optimum and satisfaction-level scalability, security, inter-operabililty and de-centralization. Metaverse, is not just different from other chains, but comparatively more beneficial and it offers optimized features. Unlike in other chains where one functionality or feature's quality is compromised for the other, Metaverse, by the utilization of DNA (Dual-Chain-Network-Architecture), offers all the features needed without any of them habing to affect the level...
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Introduction to DNA's Role in Biological Systems DNA is of pivotal importance to science and technology as it holds the genetic information required to guide the life of every organism and the survival of every species. It contains the instructions needed to make proteins and coordinate internal processes throughout an organism’s entire lifespan. Without DNA, individuals would not be able to progress through stages of development or reproduce to pass on this hereditary information to new generations and allow the...
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Genetic modification has been slowly climbing in popularity as it may be the answer to curing incurable diseases and preventing harmful hereditary traits. Scientists have discovered the plausible ability to insert genes into human cells to try and correct whatever damage has been done. This would be a replacement for the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries to treat the human population. Through research, scientists have discovered different procedures for gene therapy in humans including “replacing a mutated gene that...
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Communication and collaboration are vital in scientific research and for scientists to effectively communicate has a deep history in the discovery of DNA. The winners of the noble prize, James Watson and Francis Crick, are hotly debated in science, if Rosalind Franklin’s data was stolen by them and that sexism was in science to discredit her and rob her of the prize. This can all be explained away by poor use of communication, collaboration and conflict in ideas. Collaboration in...
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According to a Pew Research Center study, conducted in 2018, “About seven-in-ten Americans (72%) say that changing an unborn baby’s genetic characteristics to treat a serious disease or condition that the baby would have at birth is an appropriate use of medical technology”. Advancements in gene editing are being made everyday by scientists, doctors and engineers worldwide, all attempting to better the lives of those with health struggles. Technology has been discovered in recent years that was absolutely unheard of...
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According to Cell Press, a website that publishes scientific journals about life, earth, and health sciences, gene editing is based on the use of engineered nucleases composed of specific DNA by erasing, replacings or inserting another DNA sequence to correct genetic disorders. According to Marylin Strathern, a british anthropologist who deals with issues of reproductive technologies, there has been an uprise of new technology used to help create genetically modified babies around the world. Many diseases such as cystic fibrosis,...
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