Every year, approximately 45,000 people lose their lives through the act of suicide, making this the tenth leading cause of death across America. Statistics show that it is more common for men to go through with self-harm and be successful than women. In the military, suicide rates have been significantly increasing over the years. This is the second cause of death in the United States military, majority involving the use of firearms due to the easy access of these weapons....
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Many people today believe that all masculinity is toxic. Toxic masculinity is almost always represented in males and extremely rarely in females within books, films and plays. Not all masculinity is toxic, and it can be shown in both the play, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’, and the film, ‘Gran Torino’. How does behaviour become toxic? Both toxic and non-toxic masculinity can be seen in the play ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’, with toxic masculinity being represented by Stanley Kowalski, and non-toxic...
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Masculinity is an expression of traits that are generally exhibited by men. Society has a strict view of masculinity, thereby causing men being expected to display strength, confidence, ambition, leadership and similar traits. Masculinity is typically described in three main ways; healthy, toxic, and hyper masculinity. Healthy masculinity has a positive impact on a man and society, toxic masculinity has a negative impact on a man and society and hyper masculinity is an extreme expression of toxic masculinity. Healthy masculinity...
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In the video ‘Tough Guise 2’, Jackson Katz explains the violent masculinity in domestic violence, video games, movies, manhood, and media. He also argues that men are not violent as most people think. In today’s world, men and young boys are taught to ‘man up’ and act tough. Violence is a man's issue, therefore, men are taught by people who show them what it means to be a tough man. The majority of the violence is caused by men because...
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'Fight Club’ (1999), directed by David Fincher, remains to be a volatile encapsulation of the zeitgeist on the eve of the 2000s, underlining white-collar melancholy mourning the loss of manhood. The film has been interpreted in vastly differing lights – some identify it to be a film that critiques hegemonic norms of white masculinity, but also one that perpetuates a dangerous notion surrounding misogyny and homophobia. In a literal sense, masculinity is defined to be characteristics that are traditionally thought...
3 Pages
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This essay will critique the representation of masculinity and homoeroticism in the film industry from the 1990s to the mid-2000s, centered around the relationship between two male characters. In particular, the film ‘Brokeback Mountain’ by Ang Lee (2005) will be considered. To evaluate the film, David Greven’s definition of the double protagonist genre will be outlined but also critiqued. This definition will then be applied to the selected film to break down each of the protagonist’s brands of masculinity, and...
3 Pages
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According to a 2014 study, 73 percent of all arrestees in the United States were males. This number increases to a whopping 80 percent when accounting for violent crimes. Brent Staples outlines the tendencies of his friends and relatives to become ‘thugs’ in his essay ‘Just Walk on By’. He attributes this trend to the idea of the ‘male romance with the power to intimidate’. To understand what is meant by this statement, we must first explore masculinity itself. What...
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In Morrison’s work, concerned as it is almost exclusively with the female locus, it might be easy to overlook issues of masculinity. Indeed, if these issues are to be found at all, they are found in the corners of her narratives, occupying a peripheral discourse that stands as a secondary concern to black femininity. Where Morrison does offer representations of black masculinity, these are complicated, and seem deliberately problematised to imply a critique of negative masculine ideals. For the sake...
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“Who can be wise, amazed, temp'rate and furious, loyal and neutral, in a moment? No man.” Emma-Rose Devine Reports T he clock of manhood is certainly missing a hand. And in irony, time is changing, society is evolving, but the phrase ‘masculinity’ has been smeared and altered. Further threading through the dignified silence of our society, shackled by misogyny, and distorting our views. The damage is radiating throughout society and leaving a standardised concept of ‘toxic masculinity’. Social and cultural...
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Introduction: Unveiling the Complexities of Masculinity in Igbo Society No singular work of the twentieth century explores the complexity of the Igbo tradition and its ties with concrete nativism and toxic masculinity like Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart does. This adorable story, set in in the transition period that straddles the pre-colonial Igbo society and the time of the arrival of the Europeans, i.e. during the late nineteenth century revolves around Okonkwo as the epicenter of the ideas that the...
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Gender roles unremarkably have deadly ramifications for people that battle to fill their allotted generalization. The Mask You Reside In, that spotlights on anyway society’s skinny which means of masculinity can cause further hurt than wise. The picture show Depicts a good exhibit of the inconveniences looked by young boys and men’s as they battle to explore the domain of masculinity. A regular subject was the order “be a man” and during this method the social things that accompanies living...
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Deconstructing the notions of centrality and marginality against the background of masculinities embosses the suspicion that what is at the centre often hides a repression. Toxic Masculinity as a concept finds its origins in the objective of cultivating a tolerance of variance in masculinities. However, its integration into modern feminist discourse has been preceded by an operation of binaries being put into place. The popular usage of Toxic Masculinity as an explanation carries the presupposition of an explainable society and...
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Introduction: What should a “real man” be like? You may hear this couple of times, meanwhile, there are lots of voices trying to answer that question in the given society. So, who is defining the meaning / the methods of being a “real man”? does it come naturally? From which way the society keeps telling you? in this article, I will discuss about the relation between hegemonic masculinity, media, and consumption. Masculinity and hegemonic masculinity: Masculinity is about the relation...
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The recent release of the HBO series Big Little Lies, which plot centres around the domestic violence of a wealthy husband and wife, has been accompanied by a great amount of social commentary. The series highlight domestic violence but does not quiet expose the key root cause. This brief paper analyse how the concept of masculinity constructs the root causes of domestic violence. To support this argument, this paper highlights relevant examples from the show and discusses two major points:...
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The concept of masculinity is one that has always been widely represented throughout early literature, but Henry Roth’s Call It Sleep and John Dos Passos’ Manhattan Transfer introduce a trajectory of masculine identities that cause confusion within the child-like minds of David Schearl, Jimmy Herf and most interestingly, Ellen Thatcher. I will begin this essay by discussing David’s increasingly intimate relationship with his mother and how Freudian psychoanalysis can be used to explain the fascination he has with the maternal...
6 Pages
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In the famous novel “Beloved” by the well-known author Toni Morrison, I have come to realize that the theme touches on many different themes. The main themes it focuses on is the key concepts of slavery, masculinity within men, motherhood, freedom, and memories. The work of literature starts off with two important characters, Sethe and her daughter Denver. It is explained that the current home the family is living in seems to be possessed by Sethe’s firstborn daughter of whom...
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As early reading literature was created as a stepping stone for children to be able to read and enjoy books themselves, some writing can be seen as toxic for the reader which can ultimately impact the overall well being of individuals within their society. Specifically, these toxic issues seem to occur within stories that feature a young boy and their status around friends and loved ones. In Sharon Creech’s Hate That Cat, we see our main character Jack and his...
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Abstract To investigate the role of masculine norms on attitude towards seeking professional help, three hundred and twenty-one heterosexual Australian males participated in an online study. The measures were Male role gender inventory scale and the Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Help Scale, which were designed to see how participants would score on each scale. It was hypothesized that the specific subscales restrictive emotionality, self-reliance and dominance obtained from the inventory will each have a negative relationship with attitude towards help...
4 Pages
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Meaning comes from “the matrix of relationships in which we are engaged” (Gergen & Gergen, 2000). The term ‘masculinity’ is, undeniably, laden with meaning. As is true of all language, ‘masculinity’ comes accompanied by assumptions, and these in turn depend upon where and when it is used. This essay deconstructs the assumptions underpinning dominant discourse on multiple masculinities, the male role, and a so-called ‘crisis of masculinity’. It examines ways in which context informs individual, relational, and collective knowledge, drawing...
6 Pages
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It is important to highlight that the imagined reader is an abstract conceptual category, and that the reading goals of the real readers are always broader that what characterises the imaginary addressee. Therefore, it is not necessary for the real reader to unrestrainedly recognise himself in this created reader. The negotiating competence between the reader and the magazine, through the communication contract, is more vast. This includes order of desire and the imaginary, so that, potentially, any subject is able...
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Over the past two decades hegemonic masculinity has had a tremendous smash upon gender studies especially in the social sciences. Hegemonic masculinity was distinguished by negatives such as toughness, aggressiveness, excessive risk taking and emotional illiteracy. When we talked about structural violence, we found perception, suppression and pain because of structural violence relationships, such as the civil, social and economic relations of public policy. It guides us together in a single abstraction issues as multiple poverty and income inequality, inadmissible...
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ABSTRACT Research shows a link between masculine roles, depression and social media (SM). This was explored via semi-structured interviews using male participants between 18-30 years of age who frequently used SM. Interview questions focused on attitudes and opinions about social media activity and masculinity. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data, and 2 themes were identified. Theme 1. was masculine expectations/roles and theme 2. was insecurity/body image. Results show that respondents feel pressure to conform to traditional masculine roles...
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Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess and T.S Eliot’s The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock are monologues that are similar in presenting middle-aged, unmarried men who are suffering from insecurities. Eliot’s 20th century The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is the story of a man searching for love and acceptance whereas My Last Duchess is set in the 17th century and focuses on a Duke searching for power. Both of these stories focus on the role men have within society,...
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‘Macbeth’ written by William Shakespeare and ‘My last duchess’ written by Robert Browning are two of the most common examples linked to toxic masculinity. In today’s car driven and busy city world, toxic masculinity can often go unseen. However, it is present more commonly than many think within men and women.Shakespeare’s representation of masculinity within his work during the Elizabethan era takes many different forms, past and present. The 17th century play ‘Macbeth’ and in the 1842 poem ‘My last...
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Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare follows the journey to kingship by Macbeth, a scottish nobleman and knight turned Thane of Cowdor. Macbeth himself is loyal and a great companion however, his foreshadowed downfall and impending doom is influenced by the corruption of power, the relationship between cruelty and masculinity as well the heavy impact of an overall violent and unstable world,all of which they proclaim Macbeth as a future king. The idea of a violent and unstable world...
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13 Reasons Why is an American teen drama television show that is based off a novel wrote in 2007 by Jay Asher. The show was made to spread awareness about suicide, rape and bullying. To summarize the first season, it revolves around seventeen year-old high school student Clay Jenson and his deceased friend Hannah Baker, who commited suicide after being bullied and being on the off end of gossip. She was also sexually assaulted by her fellow high school student....
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For most of fashion history, fashion has been seen as feminine and an interest for women and was for some point dismissed as unserious and inferior. Yet both femininity and masculinity are still defined and valued through appearance. Clear gender characteristics and strong opposing definitions of the sexes should belong in the past. The lines of segregation is blurrier than ever. Yet the discussion about how far men and women can push the freedom of self expression is still controversial....
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Women stepping into the masculine role is exemplified in both Sophocles’ “Antigone” and Aristophanes’ Lysistrata. In response to the men’s inability to fulfill their duties, these dynamic characters take on the masculine role to fill the void. Antigone must burry her brother against Creon’s demands when he refuses to perform the proper ritual rites. Lysistrata seeks to stop the war and takes matters into her own hands by acting against male warfare through leading the other women in seizing control...
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Palahniuk depicts how the narrator, in pursuit of rejecting society’s ideologies about these concepts, begets toxic behavior. Satire is a miscellaneous genre that exploits irony, exaggeration, and humor pragmatically and constructively to mock or taunt the diabolic vices and absurdity that have plagued society. Although satire utilizes a comedic approach to address toxic ideologies and norms, the primitive purpose is to employ laughter as a weapon to penetrate sensitive social taboos. Through the witty facade of entertainment, satire effectively educates...
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Introduction In 2000, the director Mary Harron released a thriller film based on Bret Easton Ellis’s most well-known book called American Psycho, which was published in 1991. This movie is not only a portrait of the capitalist society satirically by giving an exaggerated stereotype of 1980s’ Chief Executive Officer of Wall Street who is holding an axe in the finest CEO suit and tie as a serial killer, but it also criticized the Yuppie culture which is the social value...
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