Karl Marx sought the answers to questions by trying to understand how our capitalist society works (for whom it works better, for whom worse), how it arose out of feudalism and where it is likely to lead. Concentrating on the social and economic relations in which people earn their livings, Marx saw behind capitalism's law and order appearance a struggle...
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A totalitarian government desire to stay in power by denying individualism, and eradicating freedom through propaganda and terror. Is this birthright or is it something that we, as a human, need to chase and fight for? There are stories that have been told about oppressed people who met their savior and have redeemed them from the injustice they have been...
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In the story ‘1984’, it discusses this dystopia that the author, George Orwell, believes will eventually become a reality. The government, also is known as Big Brother, watches everyone in the city of Oceania and controls everything everyone does. The government decides where people live, work, what they eat, what they drink, who they can have babies with, etc. The...
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The graphic novel 'Snowpiercer', created by Jacques Lob and illustrated by Jean-Marc Rochette is a clear depiction of the three major classes of Marxist criticism: the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie, and the proletariat. To begin with, in the novel, the Snowpiercer is a train consisting of one thousand and one carriages which are divided into classes. The closer a carriage is...
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“Through liberty and justice for all!”. Each school day, these words leave the mouths of thousands of children across America. They stand up tall, hand over their hearts, declaring that this nation - our nation - is a place that provides for them, where they have a voice. It is a place of equality that is worthy of each of...
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The graphic novel ‘Snowpiercer’, written by Jacques Lob and illustrated by Jean-Marc Rochette, is most closely represented by Marxist criticism. Marxist literary criticism is a loose term describing literary criticism based on socialist and dialectic theories. ‘Snowpiercer’ represents the three-class in Marxist criticism: the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie, and the proletariat. The aristocracy can be best represented by the lieutenant in...
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Liberal, Marxist, and nationalist perspectives are often described as contrary to one another in their beliefs of the relationship between the individual and society. In this essay, I will show that through these differences, though with slight underlying agreements, liberalism has been the most successful in predicting a relationship between the individual and society. I will first explore each of...
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Why would anyone want to give up their liberty to be controlled completely by a supreme figure? Totalitarianism was found in a few European countries and the common reason between them was that they were living in miserable conditions, and it feels irreparable. Some of the outcomes of their conditions caused production to plummet, faltered economies, and a rapid decline...
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“It is a wise man who said that there is no greater inequality than the equal treatment of unequals” (Frankfurter). Inequality happens anywhere and everywhere in different times and places throughout the world. It is oppressive by nature and seeks to condemn those who are seen as lesser or unworthy of equal and fair treatment. Prominently, the novels ‘Scythe’ by...
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From a National Artist for Literature and one of the famous Filipino writers not only known in the country but globally, Francisco Sionil Jose who was not born with a silver spoon in Pangasinan on December 1924. He has experienced political and economic activities in different countries. With his experience, he put it into a story which he titled ‘The...
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F. Sionil José’s ‘The God Stealer’ has to be one of the best short stories to be written since it has won the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story, one of the best awards to be won by a writer for his or her work. Back in 1959, José’s inspiration for writing ‘The God Stealer’ was from his own...
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‘1984’ delves into a world where the all-powerful party, Ingsoc, governs the state of Oceania. The party limits free-thought and individualism with the power of newspeak, double-think, and the existence of Big Brother. The worldbuilding and general tone of George Orwell’s ‘1984’ allow darkness and pessimism to burgeon using several motifs and symbolism to paint a bleak, gray, and dystopian...
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Generally, in industrial activity, the factors of production are needed in producing goods and services. Eyiyere argues that the factors of production are nature, labor and capital. Labor is an active resource which is one of the factors in the smoothness of a production process. Workers in their activity should be supported by good, human forms of management work so...
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Orwell observed that every line of serious work he’s written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, from his understanding. Around the time of World War II, George Orwell was a major contributor to anticommunist literature. Orwell lived in England during World War II, when Nazi Germany, a totalitarian state, was at war...
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The 20th century saw political extremism take an accentuated stand through the ruling of malevolent leaders. As specific examples, both Russia and Germany underwent significant changes regarding their political systems. In 1924, Russia took on a communist totalitarian perspective under Joseph Stalin, whereas in 1933 Germany was taken into a strictly totalitarian regime under Adolf Hitler’s rule. Both of these...
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America, known as the constitution or federation, is ultimately led by President Donald J. Trump, and as stated by the Constitution of the United States, “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives” (Baltzell, 2007). Though the American government was designed to keep...
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Literature from Marxist point of view is a reflection of the human existence in such a society which is divided into different classes on the basis of economic conditions. This paper aims to explore various aspects of exploitation, systems of domination, oppression and socioeconomic conflicts that arise in the novel ‘Moth Smoke’ by Mohsin Hamid. The novel weaves a complex...
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Review of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle President Theodore Roosevelt coined the term muckrakers. A popular term used to describe journalists during the Progressive Era who exposed corrupt leaders and corporations. They had the intent to show the public how these companies eliminated competition, set high prices, and treated workers as “wage slaves”. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle is a famous example...
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There is an ongoing debate about the two economic systems namely, Socialism and Capitalism. The main difference between these two is the ownership of the assets. In Capitalism, assets are owned by private companies, while in Socialism they're owned by the government (Pettinger, 2017). According to Tejvan Pettinger (2017), capitalist societies' income depends on the market forces of the economy...
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Capitalism, socialism, and imperialism are all government systems that have been utilized by countries of Western society for over two centuries. Since these practices were enforced, Western society as a whole has changed indefinitely. In each of these systems, there were pros and cons involved, for instance, in capitalism, where workers were faced with severe working conditions, but these hardships...
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To guarantee the basic needs of all people are being met, it is easy to see a lack of government intervention and capitalist economies fail to ensure it. While it sustains a society focused on individuality, it is evident that capitalist economies let their citizens down. Democratic socialism and government intervention would be the best economic system for a country’s...
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After raging tensions between two alliances, the triple entente and the triple alliance, World War I began. The main causes of World War I had an effect on the path the war would take us. Woodrow Wilson kept America out of the war for years but soon joined with multiple reasons that America would not tolerate. There were over 10...
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Socialism is a leftist political ideology that developed out of the attitudes reflecting the exploitation of workers in capitalist systems. The socialist ideology critiques the idea of capitalism as being held on the basis of competition, and selfishness. It argues rather that humans are societal, and that economic rivalry weakens and threatens “the cooperative and community-oriented nature of humanity” (Mintz...
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What is Social Democracy? Social democracy is a political ideology that originally advocated a peaceful evolutionary transition of society from capitalism to socialism using established political processes. In the second half of the 20th century, there emerged a more moderate version of the doctrine, which generally espoused state regulation, rather than state ownership, of the means of production and extensive...
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Abstract The interest of modern scientists in Karl Marx’s relevance has arisen due to the globalization of the world economy and the financial crisis that has hit the leading industrial countries in recent years. The opinion of Marx’s importance today is divided between two camps of scientists and critical scholars: one says that there is a certain historical “backwardness” of...
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Into History is mutable; all historians are, despite attempts to avoid it, a product of their own historical contexts. So since the beginning of the study of history, there have always been different theories and methods used to approach it. Moreover, as social and cultural beliefs have changed, these theories and methodologies have changed as well. The last two hundred...
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“A political ideology is a set of ideas, beliefs, values, and opinions, exhibiting a recurring pattern, that competes deliberately as well as unintentionally over providing plans of action for public policy making, in an attempt to justify, explain, contest, or change the social and political arrangements and processes of a political community” (M. Freeden, 2001). The definition of Political Ideology...
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This essay aims to provide a critical discussion on how the influence of political ideology, public opinion, and economic factors had on major stages that the UK health and social care policy passed since the Beveridge Report published in 1942. The writer surveys the literature that documents significant events of the health and social care policies. Furthermore, the four significant...
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Introduction Terrorism has been a concerning threat across the world for many years, the United States has especially focused on it since the attacks on 9/11. Threats about terrorism, or rather perceived threats, have deeply affected culture and impacted domestic and international politics for years to come. Furthermore, the United States has seen a widening gap between the Left and...
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Introduction Using the political ideology behind climate change as a cultural element, this essay will explore how globalization, cultural diffusion, adaptation, and adoption have consequences for the future cultural geography of places and their species. I will explore the definition and history of cultural geography and show how climate change has moved from a science-based concept to a cultural phenomenon....
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