1. John Locke: The Father of Liberalism English philosopher John Locke's works are considered the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism, political liberalism, and the early age of enlightenment. Locke’s ideas were used as the basis for the revolution of the English colonies in North America. It is posited that philosophy is often a reflection of personal disposition and life circumstances. Locke was deeply involved in the political affairs of his country which no doubt influenced his philosophical work. John Locke...
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Despite the common narrative of a conservative ascendancy in the 1970s, the decade also saw continued radical activism and resistance to bring about great reform in American society. Although the 1970s saw a conservative ascendency in electoral politics, ultimately leading to the consequential election of Ronald Reagan in 1980, the decade also saw expanded, intensified, and often successful protest efforts bred by broader action and the continued endeavor for civil rights and liberal objectives. Ultimately, the 1970s was encompassed by...
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The comparison between Realism and Liberalism Introduction When considering realism and liberalism in terms of international relations both these theories can be regarded as useful. However, these two theories can be used as tools for exploring and explaining what are the subjects. According to Bayliss and Smith (2005:186) Realism as a theory is the “natural party of government and Liberalism (as) the leader of the opposition”. The purpose of this essay is to distinguish between realism and liberalism and apply...
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Chapter one: Introduction “Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.” - Plato Plato (427–347 B.C.E.) is, by any reckoning, one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, and influential authors in the history of philosophy. An Athenian citizen of high status, he displays in his works his absorption in the political events and intellectual movements of his time, but the questions he raises are so profound...
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All of us are proud of what race we came from and all of us love our own country no matter what happens. Now in our essay, we will talk about patriotism and how we can say that one person s a patriot. First, we are defining patriotism as love for own country or homeland. It means one person who's having patriotism by heart is working hard and honestly doing something for his own country, like sacrificing himself or his...
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The United States is a very unique country, isn't it? A country conceived from a war for their values, their liberty. With this liberty, they have established their own unique system of government, none that anyone has ever seen before. A democracy! A representative democracy to specify; a republic. And with this new form of government, comes various definitions from various backgrounds. Certainly, people can argue that some definitions are closer or further from the truth. However, there are definitions...
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In his State of the Union Address, President Trump rebuked socialism, “Socialism destroys nations. But always remember: Freedom unifies the soul”. Why does “socialism” have such a bad connotation to it? Using the word “socialism” in a historical, Soviet-Union, Red-Scare context, President Trump, and many people, generalized socialism as an economic framework in which the government controls every aspect of the economy, in which there is no private markets, which can only be seen in a pure communist state. Big...
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In this essay I will argue that there is no better political system than democracy. I will make this argument through a consistent comparison between democracy and other forms of political system, evaluating each in turn with reference to consent, freedom, equality, and wisdom. Other forms of political system include autocratic, authoritarian, despotic, dictatorial, tyrannical, totalitarian, absolutist, traditional, monarchic, oligarchic, plutocratic, aristocratic, and sultanistic (Schmitter and Karl, 1991: 4), and these can all be broken into subsets. For the sake...
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Totalitarianism is a form of government that exercises complete political, economic, social, cultural, and spiritual control over its subjects. A charismatic leader, or dictator, who controls the one allowable political party, usually heads it. This form of rule requires complete subordination of the individual to advance the interests of the state. People are made dependent on the wishes and whims of the political party and its leader. The governments of Italy & Nazi Germany was an example of a Fascist,...
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Starting the story with old major who convinces his fellow animals to rebel against their human master. They set up an ideal society in which all animals are equal, and all work for the benefit of each other. The pigs take a leadership position, even though technically all the animals are equal. The extract shows that at the end of the summer season, the eventful things that happened on Mr. Jones farm about that rebellion that occurred on his farm...
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There are different operations, strategies, beliefs, and principles that guide every economic structure. The principles and ideas that are dominating in such territories determine the type of system in operation. Capitalism vs. communism concepts are two contrasting economic systems that are applicable in different places. Indeed, the difference between communism and capitalism is that the former supports equality in society by making economic services owned and controlled by the community. In contrast, the latter seeks to privatize production activities. However,...
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Friedrich August von Hayek, was profoundly known by most of the individuals who took interest in classical liberalism in the early 20th century as an economist, but he was also considered a competent philosopher and also a political thinker due to his books that he wrote. Hayek was a renowned political economist who had an enormous impact upon how individuals in industrialist or capitalist social orders comprehend the idea of freedom and liberty. His one of most renowned works to...
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In the following essay it will be explored the lengths women had to go through in order to rise their role in the social, political and economical life so that they could obtain or try to reach a similar status as men; the reason why women feel to fight against law will be explained in the upcoming paragraphs. It will be also examined the stereotypical behaviour of men and women through the ages, starting from the Ancient Romans up to...
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I stand on the left side of the political spectrum so I am attracted to a more liberal political philosophy, whereby the primary emphasis was placed on limiting governmental involvement in all aspects of society. However, as I have gotten to know the world more, I have started to see that state intervention is necessary in order to steer society in the direction of equality. Over the last several years, I have started to reject classical and conservative ideas, because...
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Democracy in the United States has been in a constant state of change. To this day, Democracy is still evolving to fit the times. New laws passed, old laws challenged or abolished, and ideas constantly being shared. Currently we get most of our current information about these changes from news media, but in the 19th century there were many writers who used their skills to talk about changes that were happening and to bring light to changes that needed to...
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We all live in the United States a country a freedom, a country of democracy, living in a democracy has many good and many bad factors although other systems are less desirable it is important to know democracies flaws. Starting out with what’s good with democracy and explaining what a democracy is. Living in a democracy is important as the people in a democracy have a voice and freedom. But to live in a democracy is to have the right...
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Capitalism and socialism are somewhat opposing schools of thought in economics. The central arguments in the socialism/capitalism debate are about economic equality and the role of government: socialists believe economic inequality is bad for society and the government is responsible for reducing it via programs that benefit the poor. e.g. free public education, free or subsidized healthcare, social security for the elderly, higher taxes on the rich. On the other hand, capitalists believe that government does not use economic resources...
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The stark variation in correction system around the world has fascinated me ever since I found out about how President Duterte of the Philippines was taking the issue of drugs in his country, into his own hands. Comparing these unlawful acts to what happens to criminals in Norway, the country of my father, Norway, I became intrigued as to why there would be this disparity across the globe. Under further investigation, there seemed to be a correlation between the style...
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20th Century was a new era in the world history and it was an era that differs in many aspects from other centuries by including two major wars (WW1 and WW2) and Great Depression. The modernization movement and industrialization which came with the Enlightenment Era in the 18th century stressed the concepts of human rights, freedoms, democracy and independence. However, also this modernity created a negative atmosphere with wars in the 20th century. The living conditions of individuals were developed...
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Let’s start by introducing capitalism; capitalism supports the idea of private property, believes society can do better when an individual is able to purchase and produce as they please. On the other hand, socialism is the theory that property ownership should be controlled by government, and that the government can do more with the assets than individuals are able to. I for one do not think society should run in a pure socialism or a pure capitalism, I believe that...
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Political ideology is a fixed or settled set of ethical ideas, principles or foundation for a system, doctrines about the political, economic, social and cultural affairs held by the people and explains how the society should work on, how to allocate power and on what extent it should be used. The man has an ideal thing that has to be fill in and that is called necessities. There are things that we need to comply for ourselves and things that...
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Collectivisation was an essential economic component of Stalin’s Great Turn and the success of Socialism in One Country, aiming to increase production efficiency to support heavy industrialisation while moving towards a more Marxist society. However, the degree to which this can be considered successful may be different depending on the perspective: political, economic or social. Moreover, there is debate among historians as to whether this was the ‘correct’ move for Stalin, as though Davies asserts that it was necessary considering...
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Humans have always thought about the future. Some think of a utopia when they imagine the future, others a dystopia. Some people dream of the day when they would not have to work anymore and would have everything that they could ever want at the touch of a finger, where there is no such thing as scarcity or competition. Others dream of a place where there is no hierarchy anymore, everyone is equal to everyone else. A commonality between many...
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Webster's dictionary defines nationalism as loyalty and dedication to a nation, especially in the sense of a national consciousness that promotes a country above other countries and emphasizes the promotion of its culture and interests. Not the culture and interests of other countries or supranational regions. In simple terms, nationalism can be described as a kind of love and pride for one's own country, and the belief that one's own country is better than any other country. But it means...
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In an interview with the Harvard Gazette, Zuboff defined surveillance capitalism as “the unilateral claiming of private human experience as free raw material for translation into behavioral data; these data are then computed and packaged as prediction products and sold into behavioral futures markets business customers with a commercial interest in knowing what we will do now, soon, and later”, a practice that she goes on to define as just too lucrative to resist (Laidler, 2019). Surveillance capitalism can be...
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The debate over how humane capitalism is and most probably will be never completely settled. However, in a lecture at Cornell University in 1977, Milton Friedman provides a different perspective. One that does not fault the systems of the economy itself, but the results the system encourages and the role of individual morality. He touches upon the social injustices that result from the economic systems and the benefit of voluntary exchange. Friedman is able to convey through analysis of different...
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Are you proud of what race you came from? Do you love your own country? Are you willing to protect your mother country no matter what happens? Now in our essay, our focus is to talk about patriotism and why a person wants to be a patriot. What's patriotism going to be? It is an act of expressing affection for their own homeland or country. Meaning, if an individual, by heart or by nature, has patriotism and will certainly work...
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There are different operations, strategy, beliefs, and principles that guide every economic structure. The principles and ideas that are dominating in such territories determine the type of system in operation. Capitalism vs. communism are two contrasting economic systems which are applicable in different places. Majorly, the difference between communism and capitalism is that the formal support equality in society by making economic services owned and controlled by the community, whereas the latter seeks to privatize production activities. Definition of Communism...
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Capitalism is a form of economy driven by economic freedom. In this system, private individuals and corporations own capital and independently decide how to use their capital to make profit. They determine which goods to produce, the quantity to produce and try to sell their goods at a profit based on consumer demands. Producers, motivated by making profit, produce new and more desirable goods that address human needs at lower costs. People benefit from capitalism because they have access to...
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Have we ever come to ask our self what is patriotism? Is it showing love for the country voluntary or is it forced? How do we show it? Do we show it through purchasing products or hanging the flag outside of our house? And what exactly is its purpose? To show people’s loyalty or just to represent of country? Although many of these questions are not often asked today, during the war these were things that no one asked because...
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