Karl Marx, John Mill, and Sigmund Freud are some of the most iconic philosophers and writers who focused their works on human nature. Each individual had a different view on human nature and progress, but religion ties into and is a key point in their work. In Karl Marx’s Early Writings, he refers to religion as “the opium of the people”, and is a strong critic of the relationship between religion and the human race. In The Future of an...
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Sigmund Freud, the influential Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, made significant contributions to the understanding of human development through his theory of psychosexual stages and the role of the unconscious mind. Freud's exploration of the nature vs. nurture debate delved into the intricate interplay between innate biological drives and external environmental influences, offering valuable insights into the complexities of human behavior and personality development. At the heart of Freud's theory lies the concept of the unconscious mind, a reservoir...
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Literature Review Abraham Maslow is considered the Father of Motivational theories. In this book, Maslow's theory is that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy composed of five categories. The lowest-level needs are physiological needs and the highest-level needs are self-actualization. As the lower needs are fulfilled higher needs emerge. These Higher needs cannot be satisfied unless lower needs are fulfilled. He states that a satisfied need is not a Motivator. The hierarchy of needs at work in the individual...
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Probably the most intensely moving documentary is “Dying at Grace” (2003) which was directed by Allan King. It is a film where five terminal cancer patients, in a Palliative Care Unit at Toronto’s Grace Hospital, quite literally fade right in front of us; some are surrounded by friends and family, and some are alone. This is not a movie that would ever be recommended, simply for the reason that it makes one feel mortal, in the worst sense. It is...
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Psychological distress is a feeling or emotion which arises when external events or circumstances exert demands on an individual, who is unable to manage and is overwhelmed. Unpleasant thoughts and feelings influence a person's level of functioning, which can lead to unfavorable opinions on his or her surroundings and daily activities. Unhappiness, anxiety, being distract, etc., are symptoms of psychological distress. The humanistic and psychodynamic approaches are fundamental in understanding human behavior. Psychodynamic theory, mostly associated with Sigmund Freud, explains...
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Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development Erik Erickson developed the psychosocial development theory that has eight stages following a person's life from the time they were born to the day they pass away. During each stage the person goes through, there are advantages and disadvantages that could shape and affect the individual's life. Each situation the individual goes through is of psychosocial nature because it involves the need of the individual which conflicts with the social needs (McLeod, 2018). For this...
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Finding My Identity in My Life As I’ve grown up and reflected on my childhood I realize how great of a childhood I had and how it’s affected me to this day. I had a loving and supportive family who was always there for me and a group of friends I could always fall back on. I did well in school and participated in sports while I was growing up. Even though I had all these great things in my...
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Divorce is common among married couples in today's society. According to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on marriage, divorce, and remarriage in the United States, 43 percent of initial relational partnerships end in divorce or separation within the first 15 years (CDC, 2022). The high divorce rate has prompted greater research on the detrimental impact of divorce on children. Children face several daily challenges, such as peer pressure and discovering their own identities. Adults and...
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The Monstrosity of the Ordinary in George Langelaan’s “The Fly” In the concepts surrounding the ideas of monstrosity, one tends to invoke images from gothic horror like Frankenstein, Carmilla, Nosferatu, etc., Or at the very least, extremely grotesque and eerie figures that possess abnormal features and forms. This is rightfully so, the etymology of the word suggests the disfiguration of a person and/or “misshapen being,” as the word derives from the Anglo-Norman and Middle French monstre during the first half...
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The uncanny is a Freudian concept1, entirely psychological in nature, where the unknown becomes eerily recognizable, both deplorable and desirable; this perverse attraction to the taboo results in either self or societal rejection. Within the Gothic, the uncanny simultaneously evokes feelings of terror and attraction, Morris citing that it “derives its terror (…) from something strangely familiar2;” the conflict between these two polarising states reflective of the period in which the novels, “The Monk,” written in 1796 and “Dracula,” in...
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People are no strangers to the concept of family, what it means to play a role in a household in order to paint a portrait of normalcy for society. Yet, since the introduction of Charles Addam’s the Addam’s Family (1938), a family who delights in the macabre and are arguably unaware or do not care, that other people find them bizarre, the appearances of unconventional and noticeably dysfunctional families in media has grown considerably over the past decades. Evident in...
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Andrew Clark, in ‘The Breakfast Club’, seems to be the obvious movie jock, specifically a wrestler. He is a popular guy in school, so naturally, he seems to be interested in the popular girl, Claire. He is the movie’s ‘good guy’ – the opposite of bad boy, John Bender. Andrew tries to prove he is a good guy on multiple occasions of standing up to Bender. Initially, this jock acts as the voice for the other students, saying things the...
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Narcissism Theory The essay commented on the fundamental relationship between the developing self (ego) and external “objects,” by which Freud meant people. Throughout the narrative description of past events, Sigmund Freud’s theory (1914) about narcissism was developed into the presentation of lots of psychological ideas and mind complexities. One of those is the introduction of Narcissism Theory (NT) which was constructed subsequently to his earlier explanation about the series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep, and the state...
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Abstract Granville Stanley Hall was considered a prophet of science, psychology, and youth. He was eager and well-equipped to share his views on psychology and how he believed it could change and revive education and religion. Hall originally set out to become a minister but was far too interested in literature and philosophy. He pursued his education and was able to teach and give lectures on philosophy and pedagogy both of which he was remarkable at. When he heard about...
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There are a vast amount of theories that describe the development of a human from gestation to death. Despite the theories that are provided there will be a description of Freud’s, Erikson's, and Piaget's theories that are in regard of development plus similarities and differences. There will be an explanation on how these early theories were created, and why there is a concern related to race, gender, socioeconomic status, and further areas of diversity that these theories were developed for....
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What did Freud say about women? And how did feminism respond? Introduction to psychoanalysis and gender: According to Freud’s psychosexual theory of personality development, it is suggested that gender development occurs during the phallic stage. This is when a child is between the ages of 3 and 6 years old. Psychoanalytic theories suggest that gender development is different for boys and girls (Freud, 1905). The Oedipus complex is a term created by Freud and implies that through this complex, boys...
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What is the truth? Is there an adequate concept to define the truth? Many would be tempted to say that the truth is what corresponds to the facts, but perhaps doesn’t this depend on the level of knowledge of people, the moment, the environment, and even religion? How long was it true that the earth was flat? Joseph Goebbels said that a lie properly repeated a thousand times becomes a truth. So, is the truth changing? The truth can refer...
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Life History Interview On September 04, 1955, Mr. Aguayo was born on a ranch in Mexicali, Baja California. He was one of seven children and was the youngest. The siblings were composed of five boys and two sisters. Mr. Aguayo grew up seemingly achieving milestones as a normal child would. He loved to play with his brothers and their dogs in their ranch. I am currently working as a Social Worker for the In-Home Supportive Services for Los Angeles County...
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As humans, we seek to achieve happiness by becoming successful and complete beings. To achieve said happiness, we have to understand how we grow and develop from a psychosocial perspective. Erik Erikson was a theorist who took Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and modified it to create his life span theory of personality development, which he divided into eight stages. Three films that portray some of these stages of development include The Breakfast Club, which portrays Identity vs Role Confusion; Forrest Gump,...
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Research Paper Erik Erikson was a psychoanalyst from America. He was born on June 15, 1902, in Frankfurt, Germany. He died on May 12, 1994. He is best known for the stages where he describes every step from you are born and what is happening in life. He had a big impact on psychology because of his theories on identity crisis and child development. Before he became interested in psychology he was a teacher and an artist. In the 1920’s...
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Explain: From the beginning of his essay, “Now the blindness in human beings, of which this discourse will treat, is the blindness with which we all are afflicted in regard to the feelings of creatures and people different from ourselves”(WJ). William James is making the argument that we all have a blindness to the truth, and that blindness is all depending on how much the truth really affects us as a person. To go more in dept, giving the example...
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Applying Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development to the case Introduction This essay will interpret the cognitive processes of the case of a K2 student who is called Andrew, recommend an intervention practice in promoting the cognitive development of the child and expound on the roles of the teacher. Cognitive processes and stages Schema for birds Firstly, schema occurs. “Schema is a psychological structure to make sense of the experience in organized ways, which is changed with age”(Kail, 2016,...
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Luke Skywalker, the protagonist and hero in the “Star Wars” franchise, is nearing the target on the Deathstar to save a planet from mass destruction, but hears a voice from his dead friend, Obi-Wan Kenobi, instructing him to use the force. Conflicted between turning off the tracking computer on the basis of faith or keep the tracking computer on, Luke consults William James and William Clifford. Both of them are known as famous philosophers but have a position regarding faith...
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Evolution Evolution was emphasized in the late 1800s which one of the biggest theories there was at the time was social Darwinism. Darwin’s famous theory was intended to explain biological diversity and a specie’s ability to adapt to its environment. And while his theory has been a staple of science ever since its first publication, the theory of evolution has had a far greater impact on the larger society and culture than just the study of biology. The impact that...
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Erik Erikson was a psychologist that came up with a theory that was divided into eight different stages. His theory is based on the epigenetic principle. Erikson believed that we continue to go through development and stages throughout our lives. His theory was that there were eight psychosocial developmental stages that everyone goes through. They go through each of these stages from the time they are an infant all the way into adulthood. Erik felt that infants had a developmental...
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The work of early philosophers has influenced the way society has adopted certain cultural practices, religious beliefs, and even political philosophies. Some of the influential philosophers from ancient history include Marx, Nietzsche’s and Freud. These three philosopher’s work has impacted the Asian region and Korean cultures, religion, moral thinking and values. Karl Marx was a philosopher from German, he was also an economist, journalist and revolutionary. Born from 1818-1883 he became one of the most influential figures in history through...
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Psychodynamic Theory Origin and development The perspectives in social work that we can call psychodynamic, all have an origin that leads back to Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Freud was an educated physician and worked for many years as a researcher within the area of neurology before he developed a theory about: The personality’s construction Children’s development Mental illness and treatment These three parts of the theory make up a whole. In the following, we want to present the fundamental classical psychodynamic...
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Introduction In the context of theories on child language development, the behaviourist theory of operant conditioning proposed by B.F. Skinner in Verbal Behaviour (1957), is one of the earliest, and arguably considered the most outmoded by many in the field. The basic principle of operant conditioning is that behaviour which is rewarded or reinforced will be strengthened (Jayasundara, 2018, p.247). Conversely, behaviour that is not reinforced will fade out in a manner akin to natural selection. In Skinner’s view, parents...
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One of Sigmund Freud’s most well-known ideas was his theory of personality, which proposed that the human psyche is composed of three separate but interacting parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The three parts develop at different times and play different roles in personality, but work together to form a whole and contribute to an individuals’ behavior. While the id, ego, and superego are often referred to as structures, they are purely psychological and don’t exist physically in...
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The studies of children and their brain has been around for a long time. There are in fact many theories in the world that describe how a child’s mind works, but one in particular stands out. Erik Erikson, a well known psychiatrist, discovered that in life you go through many different stages which in turn forms your personality. Erik Erikson discovered that as children age they go through different stages where they face problems which makes a big impression on...
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