Weakness in military recruitment was only the beginning of issues for the Republic. Crises kept occurring throughout 149 BCE-88 BCE. The Romans didnāt care for any new city-states so they intentionally minimized administration, which caused issues with provinces. The provinces felt they lacked contributions to the Roman government. An extortion court began in 149 BCE to try corrupt governors but was not very effective. The government continuously failed to integrate provinces into administration or society. Soon arose the Agricultural-Military Crisis...
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Beginning in the 8th century BC, ancient Rome grew from a very small town into an empire that at its peak had control of most continental Europe, Britain, western Asian, northern Africa, and the Mediterranean islands. As the legend says, Rome was founded by the twins, Romulus and Remus. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome. However, Romeās era as a monarchy ended in 509 BC, when it turned into a republic. The power of the...
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Augustus was in theory Romeās first emperor (although he never had the official title nor did he ever try to call himself an emperor). He steered Romeās evolution from a republic to an empire during the turbulent years after the assassination of Augustus's great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. It is undisputed that his administrative prowess was astounding, ultimately giving Rome 200 years of relative peace. But a concrete account of the man himself is more difficult to find as...
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The rise and eventual breakdown of the Roman Republic is deemed to be one of the most important events in Roman history. Marcus Tullius Cicero had a lasting impact on the downfall of the Roman Republic, however this impact, once explored more, can be seen to be a less obvious and underlying cause. Due to Ciceroās politically-charged writings, mislead beliefs and power-hungry associates, cracks began to form to become what is now known as the downfall of the Roman Republic....
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He was active in overseeing his kingdom and regularly travelled around it. He also set up a network of messengers to report back to him on what was happening. Under his rule, his kingdom rose to dominate Western Europe. Over his lifetime, Charlemagne fought many wars. His victories expanded the territory under his control. He was helped by the armies of his loyal supporters. Charlemagne had earlier given many of these men grants of land, a common practice among the...
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Augustus, a renowned leader of the Roman Empire during the 27 BC, initiated the use of built forms for the ascension and preservation of power. The development of Rome under his rule inaugurated a highly influential style of architecture, establishing a new standard subsequent to the fall of the Roman Empire. His supremacy over the Roman Empire ensued a substantial shift in the urban environment, marking Rome as a prosperous and affluent city. This paper will argue that he used...
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Art history can be defined in various ways depending on the person and their perspective. A brief definition of the term is the studying, identifying, interpreting, and understanding of artworks (i.e. paintings, sculptures, architecture) from different cultures with the consideration of the time period in which they were made. A lot can be learned through the artwork of cultures such as how humanity lived, what they valued, and what they believed in. With some research, the meaning and importance of...
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It is unbelievable how much we are affected by others around us. Not just by their words, but by their actions. Some people can be so influential that they change someone's views on a topic in just a couple minutes. This is exactly what Mark Antony did to the people of Rome at Caesar's funeral. As a matter of fact, Antony uses three rhetorical devices in his speech with the hope of secretly persuading the plebeians to be on his...
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The medieval period is the period that stretched from the 5th to the 15th century. The Islamic and European societies, such as the Byzantine empire in Eastern Europe, had differences and similarities during this period. Both of them had a blend of lay and strict rulers applying differing degrees of fleeting power over a wide cluster of people groups, customs and convictions where the European societies used feudalism and caliphates. Both societies transformed greatly during this period as they moved...
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Humans tend to be inherently violent in nature, competing for their needs in the society. Human history is filled with conflict. Some of that conflict takes place on a small level involving only a few people, sometimes the battle takes place within a single person's mind. But other conflicts span regions and can stretch on for decades. Ancient battles were not advanced and only depended of home crafted weapons like the spear, bow and arrow, falx and javelin, swords, spears,...
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Cleopatraās life was very interesting. Being born into the Ptolemy family, life was not easy. She had to be very smart and intelligent to even stay alive. She was her fatherās favorite so she learned from the best person to rule. She got married to her father so he could have someone by his side. A year later, he died and Cleopatra and her brother were co-rulers. But as time went on, her brother wanted to rule by himself and...
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Explain the impact of other causes, important events, and significant figures on the Byzantine empire in complete sentences. How did Justinian's actions contribute to the fall of the Byzantine empire? The constant wars and rebuilding of Constantinople after the Nika Riot caused significant financial issues for the Byzantine empire. Justinian also had the army thinly spread across the empire, which left the empire open to attacks. Then in his last years as emperor, Justinianās plague ravaged the Byzantine Empire killing...
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Throughout history, various cultures have created numerous artworks depicting religious salvation and damnation, with the most common depictions coming from Christianity. The religion as a whole focuses a great deal on the concepts of sin as well as redemption through faith and worship. This theme has been shown in art through periods such as the Byzantine Empire as well as the Romanesque era. This theme is represented repeatedly throughout history due to the popularity Christianity has held as a major...
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The Justinian Code Can you imagine becoming king of an empire and your kingdom was in utter chaos? That was how it was for Justinian I. When he came to power in the year 527 the Byzantine Empire was having a very hard time. Half of its land was taken from barbarians, and the laws were a mess. Flavius Justinianus or more commonly known as Emperor Justinian was born in 485, in North Macedonia. He was born poor and did...
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An Analysis of Selected World Cultures Before the Advent of Islam and the Major Impact of Islam of These Cultures Introduction This paper presents an overview of the political, religious, and moral state of the Arabian Peninsula, the Roman/Byzantine and Persian empires, and surrounding polities/cultural groups extant at the emergence of Islam. An analysis focusing on the period from the beginning of Prophethood and, thereafter, under the four righteous caliphates of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali with a mention...
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The Roman Kingdom was built on seven hills split between Tiber River in Italy. The Tiber River allowed Rome to have easy access to the Mediterranean, where people could come together and trade over water. The Roman Kingdom also built roads and Roman Forum, a public place were all citizens could meet, network, and pray together. Over time Rome begin to create social structure as humans begun to develop city-states. The Patricians were wealthy landowners of Rome, who were born...
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Introduction The tragedy of Julius Caesar is a historical drama which is written by William Shakespeare in 1599. Its events are actually based on true events from Roman history. Shakespeare's special fashion of tragedy includes a character whose poor alternatives motive his social downfall and ultimately bring about his very own death. Julius Caesar suits this description as Brutus's selection to murder Caesar outcomes in his fall from social grace and his suicide. Other vital factors for a tragedy encompass...
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Ancient Rome was a collection of interlocked communities of different people and more importantly individuals. The social construct of Ancient Rome allowed for many of the differences between men and women during this time. As Phillip Matyszak, author of 24 Hours in Rome, says,ā For them, life is not about celebrating the glory of empire but for making the rent, coping with difficult relatives, and the daily challenge of home and work.ā This shows the difficulties of the Roman people...
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Some biases about āblacksā in largely āwhiteā communities. Others have biased modern apparitions of the way Aethiopes were depicted in the Roman community, ensuing in a lot of misconceptions of the pertinent texts. Apparently, both Romans and Greeks owned specific words to term ethnicity or race. Such words, for example, ethnos, genos, and natio. Mentioned words are not very different from nowadays terms for what we would call culture or society (Joshel, 2009). In Roman insights groups black Africans, white,...
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Private life plays a special role in the social structure of Ancient Romans. Life, family profession, traditions, state and individual: the connection and what we call the social relationship between them can never be determined by a permanent set of relationships in which one area affects another area more or less sensibly. As in all other civilizations, ancient Romans are also sensitive about children and family life. Children are considered followers of their parents in the future. In this essay,...
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Introduction Courageous soldiers were essential in Ancient Roman times as everyone felt the desire to rule over other countries. This led to war, destruction, death, and sorrow. This report will tell you what the Roman soldiers: wore, what they did in their spare time, where they lived, what they ate, the things they did to defend Rome and its people. Clothing Roman soldiers wore unique outfits to protect them from being killed or wounded. These outfits were only worn when...
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Introduction The character of Brutus in the drama Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare is a complex character. The possible problem encountered when discussing the character of Brutus throughout the play of Julius Caesar, is if your opinion and how your opinion of this character has changed. This essay aims to prove why my opinion of Brutus did not change towards the end of the play. In this essay the character traits of Brutus (both good and bad), how his...
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Stoicism is a sect of philosophy about overcoming emotions and their irrationality. In William Shakespeareās play Julius Caesar, the character Brutus displays obvious traits of a Stoic. The philosophy of Stoicism was popular for 400 years in ancient Greece and Rome, so it was not odd for Brutus to follow it. In the play, there is a conspiracy to assassinate Caesar which his friends, Brutus and Cassius, follow through with and succeed in but, the battles between Brutus, Cassius, and...
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Soccer, a sport played all around the world with over 265 million players as well as an estimated 4 billion fans or around half of the worldās population. Modern soccer is related to the novel The Hunger Games and the ancient worlds of Greece and Rome, although not a common analogy. First and foremost, soccer is a game that is very well known. The Hunger Games, as well as the gladiators of ancient Greece and Rome, were also very popular....
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In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, there are two speeches relating to the same topic of which are both presented to the people of Rome following Caesarās assassination. The play is deeply concerned with the idea of rhetoric, or persuasion. Cassius convinces Marcus Brutus that Caesar has to die, setting the story in motion. The resolution of the plot is set by Anthony's speech to the plebeians. Shakespeare sees rhetoric as collectively, the foremost powerful force...
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In the play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, two speeches both different in context are given to the citizens of Rome discussing/stating Caesar's death. In this play, Brutus and Antony try to persuade the citizens of Rome to believe what they believe. Antony tries to state the fact that the conspirators were traitors and that they were basically the cause of Caesar's death. They committed an act of brutality on Caesar in other words. Brutus on...
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One central theme that is identified in William Shakespeareās play āJulius Caesarā is how love can lead to tragedy. This is shown by Brutusā love for Rome, Julius Caesarās love for Brutus, and Portiaās love for Brutus. People presume that they can find happiness in love which is why they often pursue it. But contrary to popular belief, love can ultimately lead to tragedy, self-conflict, or destruction. This is amply implied in this play. In the play, Brutus is constantly...
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William Shakespeareās āJulius Caesarā is clearly a play concerning the tragedy of lost morality in the political sphere but contrary to the plays title the focus is not on Caesar himself but instead on the individuals left behind after his murder. The political tragedy primarily centres around the character Brutus and his inner turmoil as he tries to cope with the circumstances after overthrowing his leader to whom he was exceedingly loyal. Shakespeare explores the blurred line between the political...
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Brutus is an unpredictable character just as the play's a catastrophic hero. Throughout the story, you can learn and comprehend how he works. Brutus is a well known figure to the people of Rome and a companion to Julius Caesar. Through the entire story Brutus was having a self vs self conflict. In the play, Brutus' unrealistic vision happens to be his best trait, but, it is also the thing that hurt him the most. Brutus is portrayed as respectable...
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