Goal setting theory is a fundamental concept in organizational behavior and psychology, offering profound insights into how individuals and groups can achieve their desired outcomes. Developed by Edwin Locke in the late 1960s, the theory posits that specific and challenging goals, coupled with appropriate feedback, enhance performance and motivation. This essay delves into the significance of goal setting theory, drawing...
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1. Theory, Theorist(s), and Summary Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin’s (1960) “Differential Opportunity Theory” argues that people from low socioeconomic backgrounds with limited opportunities for success will often use any means at their will to achieve that success. These means are generally referred to as subcultures such as criminal subcultures, conflict subcultures, and retreatist subcultures. Criminal subcultures can be characterized...
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Women are generally more religious than men (as measured by factors such as attendance of religious services and commitment to religion); however, religious women do not participate at the same civic level as men (Audette et al. 2018, Cassese and Holman 2016, Rinehart and Perkins 1989). This discrepancy indicates that religion might impact political mobilization differently in men than in...
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To establish her argument, Redstone provides brief context on the rise of trauma research, then clearly states that the essay aims to discuss the potential and limitations of trauma theory, as well as encourage an engaged and critical relationship to ‘trauma theory’. There are short, titled sections that make the article easy to navigate. Her tone is sensitive, which is...
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Introduction: Empowerment theory and its application to domestic violence provide a valuable framework for understanding and addressing this pervasive social issue. This analytical essay explores the key concepts of empowerment theory and examines how it can contribute to the prevention and intervention strategies in cases of domestic violence. Understanding Empowerment Theory: Empowerment theory is rooted in the belief that individuals...
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Motivation has been defined as an internal drive that leads individuals to achieve their goals or organizational objectives (Certo, 2000). Several organizations these days attempt to find the best way to motivate and increase their workers’ efforts and performances as when workers are motivated, it contributes to the actual productivity of the organization. There are several factors which influence employee...
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The case of Aileen Wuornos is a difficult one, there are many factors that combine when attempting to understand why she committed the murders of 7 men and her practice of prostitution. Wuornos had a difficult upbringing as she was raised by her grandparents her mother was not in the picture and her father was away in the army as...
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Tupac Shakur, a prolific rapper and cultural icon, left an indelible mark on the world with his music and enigmatic persona. Among his impactful works, "The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory," commonly referred to as the "7 Day Theory," stands out as a testament to his artistic genius and complex character. This informative essay delves into the background, themes,...
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Normal child development and development of delinquent behavior are greatly influenced by individual, social, and communal circumstances and their relationships influence the behavior. Comprehensive studies suggest that behavior, including antisocial and delinquent characteristics, results from a complex relation of personal biological and genetic elements and environmental elements, from the fetal stages of development to adulthood. Biological development is influenced by...
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Expectancy theory was proposed by a professor named Victor Vroom who taught business at the Yale School of Management. Vroom's initial research was on the expectancy theory of motivation. This idea was an attempt to explain why people choose to obey certain courses of action and prefer certain goals and outcomes over others in the workplace, mainly in decision-making and...
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In this essay, I will outline the concept of sociology and discuss how sociologists understand social phenomena. I will then identify and apply the key features and concepts of sociology such as social imagination, public issues and personal troubles, historical contextualization, structure, and agency, amongst others, in order to discuss how these help us to understand the challenges of accessing...
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Feminism is, by definition, the advocacy of women’s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. At its most basic form, it’s the equality of all things between men and women equal job and education opportunities, equal pay, and equal rights. And in a perfect world society would have achieved this stage of equilibrium between sexes ages ago....
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The purpose of time management tools and techniques is that they enable individuals to organize, plan, and divide their time between specific tasks and activities. When these tools are effectively utilized individuals work smarter and not harder enabling them to get more done in less time. Applying time management tools within the workplace means individuals can effectively manage the hours...
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Self-reflection is the capacity of a person that enables us to analyze our behavior and thoughts from our own life experiences. As with our busy lives, we keep moving forward and we don’t stop to reflect on ourselves. We continue to work on our jobs because of our responsibilities even though we hate them. On the other hand, our job...
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Homelessness has been an arising issue since before the 1980s. Research shows that before the 1960s, homelessness was seen as a situation that can be curbed by those who were affected by it. It was seen as a situation caused by them due to the lack of responsibility. During the 1960s-1980s, homelessness was caused by factors beyond the control of...
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Muzafer Sherif, a psychologist, developed social judgment theory in the early 1960s with the assistance of Carl I. Hovland and Carolyn W. Sherif. To explain apparent inconsistencies in attitude change research, Sherif and Hovland (n.d.) suggested a theory of social judgment. The theory delves into how people make decisions when persuaded to accept or reject a message based on their...
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Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restricted patterns of behavior and interests (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It has been argued that cognitive deficits may underlie the disorder. Thus, two cognitive theories have been proposed to explain key deficits in autism: theory of mind hypothesis and executive function...
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The level of adaptations from foregoing existing source material (hypotext) as a function of transforming the culture which was originating through the intertexts of narrative, myths, folk tales, poetry, fiction, dramas, and films across a broad spectrum of culture and languages. Adaptation theory is always the challenge faced by a theory that changes the hypotext material to hypertext by considering...
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Nature is said to be beautiful if Education is self-explanatory, self-operating, and self-directing. Education can only be self-explanatory if it's Naturally centered. Therefore, this essay will explain the theory of Naturalism and its implications for Zambian Education. In other words, it will explain Naturalism and how relevant are its principles to Zambian Education. Naturalism holds that the universe requires no...
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Divorce is common among married couples in today's society. According to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on marriage, divorce, and remarriage in the United States, 43 percent of initial relational partnerships end in divorce or separation within the first 15 years (CDC, 2022). The high divorce rate has prompted greater research on the detrimental impact...
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When it comes to the muted group theory, the concept is fairly simple. It states that those who hold the power in a room tend to have their ideas communicated better and those who do not have such strong language hold less power. When the more powerful groups are conversing, the other groups must find themselves changing their communication style...
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Getting children to eat fruits and vegetables is a challenge. Not only is it an obstacle in the United States, but it is challenging globally as well. A sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables are in fact essential for a child’s health. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children eat 1-2 cups of fruit and 1-3 cups...
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I believe that Plato`s Theory of Forms is incoherent and contradicts itself in places. There is also no compelling evidence of the Realm of the One exists. I will argue my point below in a balanced argument. Plato`s Theory of Forms consists of the idea that there are two realms The Realm of the One and the Realm of the...
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Plato’s ‘Nature of Justice: A Critical Analysis This essay is a culmination of personal opinions along with reference to several other works on a similar topic all of which have been cited duly. Abstract There are several takes on the nature and theories of justice. However, Plato in his Republic provides some very famous arguments for what justice means and...
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Approaching school security from a new perspective, that being Social Control Theory, is essential to promoting the safety of students. In an analysis of school violence and threat assessments, the United States Secret Service details several key findings to prevent a targeted attack (2019). Among their discoveries are four that closely align with the four social bonds of Hirschi’s Theory...
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This paper will focus on Social Bond Theory as a specific type of Control Theory. The lead theorist for this theory is Travis Hirschi. The objective will be to identify Social Bond Theory and how it relates to criminal deviance as explained in his work. Furthermore, the empirical status in support of this theory will be discussed as well. Hirschi...
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Introduction Newton's three laws of motion for several decades remained a matter of course. Until 1905, the physicist Einstein published a paper questioning the accuracy of these laws, which are now known as the Special Theory of Relativity, followed by the General Theory of Relativity, Its lack of understanding, where this understanding was based primarily on Newton's law of gravity....
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Introduction It is disappointing that it has become a norm for a lot of students to use other people's work and, thereafter give recognition to the original author(reference). Students are not usually advised that they can actually bring their ideas to the public, they tend to believe everything that’s printed on paper is true. This essay will give definition of...
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This essay will discuss and evaluate the six stage of Kohlberg’s moral development theory. Before Lawrence Kohlberg, Jean Piaget, a swiss psychologist, thought that there were only two stages to moral development, “one that is subject to the rule of others and another that is subject only to a person’s own rules” (Benson and Collin 2012). He came to the...
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An image is but a “window through which we look out into a section of the visible world” (Richter, Wells & Kemp, 2008, p102). But what of this visible world and that of the viewer? To begin questioning “what we see and what we know” (Berger, 2008, p.7), is to watch 70s revolutionary broadcast Ways of Seeing by John Berger....
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