During medieval times the society of England had begun to expand its population creating towns, cities, and trades. According to sources, “A new wave of monasteries and friaries were established, while reforms led to tensions between successive kings and archbishops. Despite developments in England's governance and legal system, infighting between the Anglo-Norman elite resulted in multiple civil wars and the loss of Normandy.” (Anonymous) The church was centered in the village and the castle still reigns supreme over the land....
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The Renaissance value of humanism greatly influences The Prince because Machiavelli, a humanist himself, targets human nature in portraying the ideal monarchy. Humanists of the Renaissance were devout proponents of human potential; throughout The Prince, Machiavelli articulately examines the dynamics of humanity. He understands that while a good ruler should possess some admirable qualities, it is impossible for any authentic being to be entirely good. Therefore, Machiavelli introduces the concept that characteristics like cruelty and dishonesty are necessary to effectively...
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The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, is one of the most important and influential landmarks in Florence, being the third-largest church in the world (after St. Peter's in Rome and St. Paul's in London) its influence on not only Italian architecture but western Europe cannot be denied. Taking nearly 150 years to complete, it built the bridge between the 13th-century Gothic norm and the new humanistic reality of the early Renaissance. In this study,...
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The Enlightenment movement made it possible for the people of Europe to question the principles of Europe's order. Two revolutions, called the American Revolution and French Revolution, were the products of the Enlightenment movement. The American Revolution began in 1775 with the battles of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts and the French Revolution occurred in 1789-1790 upon the Storming of the Bastille in Paris, France. Both revolutions came to be because of the scientific revolution which led to the Enlightenment movement....
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Leonardo da Vinci Influenced by the Renaissance Born in the Renaissance period, which spanned the fourteenth to the seventeenth century, Leonardo da Vinci became one of the smartest men ever to live (Renaissance). He was trained through primary education and went on to many accomplishments with his knowledge of math, science, and art. The Renaissance period influenced inventors and painters on the human aspect and led to many new areas of thought. Although da Vinci had many talents, the intellectual...
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1. Nature and character of the Renaissance era. Nature Renaissance which means ‘rebirth’ in the French language took place in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. It started in Italy whereby statues, buildings, and works of art from the Roman Empire survived. It started in Italian cities such as Florence. The Renaissance promoted the reclaim of classical philosophy, literature, and art. Artists and writers in Italy started to study law, literature, art, architecture, and philosophy. While studying, they researched...
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Renaissance or “rebirth” is an artistic movement that started in Italy during the late 14th century and expanded to the early 17th century. It resulted in many impacts, but the greatest impact of the Renaissance is technological advancements. Advancements such as the steam engine, the printing press, telescope, mechanical cloth, rocket launching tubes, magnetic compass, microscope, flush toilets, matches, eyeglasses, thermoscope, and barometer. These items were not necessary to human life but improved and made the quality of everyday life...
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In the early modern period, poets William Shakespeare and Richard Barnfield utilized erotic and homoerotic language to subvert English Petrarchan conventions and explore the transformative effects of love and desire on the mind and body. Coppelia Kahn confirms as such by suggesting that by means of echoing Ovid’s tales of Metamorphoses, Shakespeare’s poetry captures the “overwhelming psychological changes wrought by desire, as well as its often-grotesque physical mutations.” Less drastically, Bruce Smith proposes Barnfield’s poetry as focusing on the internal...
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Though only nine works of art are signed to be his, the most famous of which he is even secretly drawn into, Jan van Eyck captures the hearts of his audiences with his creation of superb pieces of art that inspire all. Jan van Eyck, a prominent artist in the Renaissance, altered the course of art, by paving the way for future artists who copied his unique use of oil painting, perspective, and realism in their works. Van Eyck’s works,...
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Birth of Venus is one of the most famous paintings around the world. Botticelli was born in 1444 in Florence, Italy, and was an early Renaissance artist (Kleiner 239-240). Even though he was a goldsmith at 14, he preferred to paint so he became an apprentice under Fra Filippo Lippi, and later to Antonio del Pollaiuolo, both of them were master artists of the early Renaissance, Florence. Lippi had a significant influence on Botticelli's delicate style, such as techniques of...
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What made the people of the Renaissance? When you hear the term 'Renaissance Man', the first name that usually appears in a person's mind is Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo is the epitome of humanistic ideals during the Renaissance. He is not only a prominent painter, but also an engineer, inventor, scientist, and philosopher. Leonardo is the illegitimate son of a wealthy legal notary in Florence. His father kept changing wives, usually marrying women younger than him (16 and 20 years...
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Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the French King that had the throne since the age of five. After Louis XIII died, Louis XIV succeeded to the throne and was rented by Anne of Austria, Louis XIV's mother, as Louis was too young to rule. Anne was assisted by Cardinal Mazarin who was an Italian diplomat and politician who served as Chief Minister to the King of France. After Mazarin died in 1661, Louis XIV was now...
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The historical definition of chivalry would imply a summation of all Knights, Noblemen, and horsemen in Medieval times. Upon breaking down the old French origin of the word, “chivalry,” boils down to two French words, “chevalier” and “cheval,” which mean “knight” and “horse” in English respectively. In the past, this is all the word would imply. However, time has evolved humans’ perception of the word and changed its meaning accordingly. In old French, the word “chivalry” might create the image...
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In order to assess the validity of the name of something, one must first look at what the given definition in context to the name actually is. And so, before this essay begins, one must look at what the given definition of the term must include in order to assess the validity of its title. With a name such as the ‘Silk Roads’ one must present an inclusive and broad definition that takes into account all of the routes, to...
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Long-distance trade made a pronounced, long-term impact on the economic, social, and cultural landscapes of the classical empires. Without trade routes, the large-scale exchange of goods and ideas responsible for this impact would not have been possible. The Silk Road of the Han dynasty and the trade routes of the Persian empire served as facilitators of social, cultural, political, and religious exchanges between peoples of the classical empires. Both the Silk Road of the Han dynasty and the trade routes...
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It is a ways stated that the bringing of Civilisation trust and infrastructure inspired the scramble for Africa by using European powers due to the fact European human beings were on two folds functions specially the unfold of Christianity and colonization whereby evangelical ministries were placed in Africa to civilize African human beings to be developed, advanced, and skilled as Roman imperialism made the foundations of contemporary civilizations which counteracted African barbarism, cruelty, torceculture at the equal time moulding Africans...
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Violence and murder became prominent in European imperialism in Africa and left the supposedly lower races destined for extinction, which would be brought about by any means, including intentional extermination of entire populations like with the Holocaust. Attempts to dehumanize the Jewish people and Africans were also very similar in structure with both authorities using a three-pronged approach. They first stripped the Africans or Jews of their identity, then physically tortured them, and lastly, redefined their humanity such that it...
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Looking back on world’s history, the 1500s were a major turning point. Civilizations in this century played a huge role in shaping the world to be what it is right now. Cultures of the Ming Empire, Ottomans and Europeans led to ascend of the predominant world cultures preceding to 1500. Even though their accomplishments weren’t permanent, it still made a huge impact. The “European Miracle” was one of Europe’s greatest peaks in its history. In premodern times, no other civilization...
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Medieval and Renaissance Theatrical Costumes were directly influenced by the societal economy, religion, and social class. Theater productions and costumes also had a significant impact on society during these periods. During both the Medieval and Renaissance periods costumes were most important in providing information about the story, the character presented and the social status of the actors. Costumes used during theatrical productions of the Medieval and the Renaissance time periods were an integral part of the overall production and created...
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Romanticism can be defined as a type of reaction alongside age that involves logical decision-making and reasoning. Romanticism as an ideology is comprised of three main themes which include human emotions, the love of nature, as well as the belief in the supernatural. The concept of romanticism involves strong emotions, a festivity of the individual, curiosity of the normal man as well as babyhood, the admiration of nature as well as imagination (Furst and Lilian). Romanticism's historical creation first originated...
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Mathematics is the science of pattern and structure, order and relation; evolved from the elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shape of objects. It is fundamental to physical and biological sciences; essentially anything to do with equations and calculations is categorized under mathematics. The Renaissance saw the advancement of symbolic algebra. In his “Artem Analyticem Isagoge” of 1591, François Viéte took the ideas of Ancient Greeks Euclid, Diophantus, and Pappus and sought to explain and clarify them through...
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The late 19th century marked a new wave of global competition. Although the British empire still enjoyed its global dominance with extensive colonial control, its colonies in the New World gradually gained self-governance from the central government and experienced rapid economic development. Meanwhile, emerging industrial countries, especially Germany and United States, created arising threats and challenged the global dominant status. The emerging international conflicts mark the eve of worldly wars. Under such context, the British empire’s voluntary grant of self-governance...
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Art history spans the entire history of humankind, from prehistoric times to the twenty-first century. In modern times, art history has emerged as a discipline that specializes in teaching people how to evaluate and interpret works of art based on their own perspective. Art history has frequently been criticized for its subjectivity because the definition of what is beautiful varies from individual to individual Art history spans the entire history of humankind, from prehistoric times to the twenty-first century. Whether...
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Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper' are two of the most iconic paintings in history, both painted during the Renaissance. It was originally such a portrait, but over time, its meaning has evolved, becoming a symbol of the Renaissance and becoming the most famous painting in the world. 'Mona Lisa' is probably a portrait of the wife of a Florentine businessman, her eyes are on her husband. It is a portrait of the wife of the wealthy Florentine citizen Francesco...
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Renaissance Humanism In the history of the world, many remarkable events have taken place that has led to a turnaround in the thoughts and general lives of the people. One of such period is renaissance humanism. Renaissance Humanism is the study of ancient Greek and Roman texts with the goal of promoting new norms and values in society. (Writers, 2019) Humanism was an optimistic philosophy that saw man as a rational and sentient being, which has the ability to think...
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In the western medieval space, peoples and texts are transmitted, crossing the borders of kingdoms and language barriers. The contributions gathered here are concerned with the perception of the boundaries between territories, languages, or cultures and with the awareness of their lack in the texts of the Middle Ages. In 1386, when he began to write his Canterbury Tales, Chaucer was about forty-six years old. Looking back, the son of the London wine merchant could see an already long and...
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On one hand, Bram Stoker’s Dracula features a villainous vampire who wishes to impose his demonic way of living on the people of England. Before setting foot in London, he researches England’s language, culture, and geography and while in London, he converts the locals into beings like himself. On the other hand, while entering Dracula’s castle Jonathan Harker describes it as ‘leaving the west and entering the east (Stoker 2008). The figure of Dracula thus represents a paradox wherein he...
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Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was written in 1817, in the midst of the Romantic Era. However, Shelley strayed away from the concepts of Romanticism and wrote Frankenstein as an anti-Romantic work. Four key concepts that Shelley negated in her work included the celebration of nature, the simple life, the idealization of women, and the presence of a one-sided perspective. Furthermore, Mary Shelley's critique of Romanticism can be applied to the critiques of Marxism, the patriarchy, and racial discrimination. The era of...
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Did Renaissance Change Man’s View of Man? Did the Renaissance change man’s view of man? This question is debatable. There are so many points to prove the differences and similarities in theories like astronomy to medicine and humanism. The Renaissance, French for “rebirth,” was a period that started near 1350 A.D. after the Middle Ages when people started having more looks that focused on the man itself and not only God or listening to everything the Bible said. This led...
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Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe considers the general effect of post-colonization which is based on a critical study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitations of colonized people, and their lands. Therefore, from a post-colonial perspective, the value of identity and ownership tend to rely on the opinion and viewpoint of ‘Robinson Crusoe’, who like any Western man during this period, believed in white supremacy until his misfortunate arrival to...
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