Ancient political philosophy was mainly based on the premise that human potential is fulfilled in the Polis and on the citizen life itself. It encompassed ethics, justice, and politeia, (constitutions) thus implying how society is or how it should be organized (M. Lane, 2018). From that period many of the most relevant concepts and works came from the all-time most important philosophers, that set the foundations of Western Philosophy and the Political discourse of more than two millennia – Plato...
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It is fair to say Aristotle’s treatment of friendship (philia) has received relatively little attention, and yet there is little doubt that Aristotle provides in books VIII and IX what remains one of the richest and most enduringly useful accounts of friendship in Western philosophy. Its lasting value is evidenced by the fact that his threefold distinction between the types of friendships – friendships of Goodness, Pleasure, or Utility – is still used in many contemporary works on friendship as...
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Aristotle argued that being moral has to do with the function of a human being and that developing his argument he moved from the non-moral to the moral uses of good and bad. He suggested that anything that is good or bad is so because it functions well or poorly. These examples are covered in depth in his work Nicomachean Ethics in a series of ten books or scrolls created from his lecture notes. Particularly the importance of happiness, choices...
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Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, reverently known as the 14th Dalai Lama, has a lot to say about love. 14th Dalai Lama is the most important monk of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has sought refuge in India ever since the Tibetan uprising of 1959. For him, the need of love comes from ‘inter-dependence’, which he believed that one of the most fundamental law of nature. According to 14th Dalai Lama (2002), inter-dependence also governs the...
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Human nature is defined as “the nature of humans, especially the fundamental dispositions and traits of humans” (Human Nature, n.d.). Moral character refers to “the most important code of conduct put forward and accepted by any group, or even by an individual” (Gert). As humans, we tend to think about our actions and whether or not they qualify as being “good” or “bad.” There are many different attributes of a good person. For example, a good person is known to...
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Throughout his philosophical career, Aristotle emphasized the importance of the fundamental elements that play a role in the way we navigate our lives and moral ability. He observes two key components that define the degree of one’s moral compass; one being virtue, and the other, continence. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle establishes and distinguishes these concepts by considering developed habits, one’s inner drive and values that dictate their actions, and how one has the ability to mindfully assess and reflect upon...
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Comedy is an integral part of human life. Literary it is a kind of dramatic work and a genre that uses satire as a tone and it is amusing, with which it mostly has a cheerful ending. Comedy creates triumph over all the sad moments by use of comic effects which results to a hilarious conclusion (John, 2014). Comedy, according to Aristotle, refers to imitation of low type of characters. He further says that it however not in the sense...
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There are many contributions made to the development of western philosophy made by both Plato and Aristotle. There is no other way to talk about the greats, without starting with Plato. Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher who is known to have founded the first academy which was located in Athens. He was known to be an educator to after Socrates and known to be the teacher of Aristotle which we will discuss more soon. Some of the topics that...
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Aristotle would agree that a polity ought to reduce the inequality amongst its members since it does the best at promoting the good life. A state’s end is the good life and the different constitutions promote their valued virtues; thus, a constitution plays a role in shaping an individual’s character.One’s virtues incline one to act a certain way, but our decisions are dependent on its ends. Thus, to fulfill the good life, one must be exposed to good virtues, which...
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Aristotle was a philosopher who wrote many works about ethics, politics, metaphysics, and aesthetics. His conception of beauty was classical, indeed he saw beauty as “an arrangement of integral parts into a coherent whole, according to proportion, harmony, symmetry (…)” (Sartwell, 2016). The main idea of his concept is that beauty is a sort of middle between excess and deficiency; indeed, beauty is not the concept of sublime neither is the concept of ugliness, it is in the arrangement between...
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Aristotle was one of the great thinkers of the ancient world, so much so, that he has influenced the way people think throughout time. One of the fields in which he wrote extensively about was that of ethics. His book the “Nicomachean Ethics” outlines that happiness is the ultimate goal a human being should strive for and that it is the main purpose of one’s life. In his lectures, he states that happiness can be achieved with the cultivation of...
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Part I – Plato’s quote “It seems to me that a fit body doesn’t by its own virtue makes the soul good, but instead the opposite is true- a good soul by its own virtue makes the body as good as possible (Republic III, pg. 443).” In the discussion of virtue, specifically as to its inter-relatedness to the soul, Plato claims that intrinsic virtue alone is the cause of a person’s good actions, and therefore, this results in a good...
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Virtue is a characteristic in which every being should strive for. After reading Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and Confucius’ Analects, I believe virtue is both a state of mind and actions that reflect a high moral value; you are respectful and mindful of all actions and people around you and strive to become the best version of yourself. From Aristotle to Confucius; virtue spans different parts of a person’s life. Virtue according to Aristotle is vague. He believed that a being...
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Introduction The most recent presidential election within America was undoubtedly one of the most controversial and relentless elections within recent times. These debates provided an example of the shift that has occurred within American politics towards a new era now revolving around scandals and rumours. While Donald Trump was not the most qualified and experienced candidate and was rather labelled as a racist and sexist. He still managed to win the race to the presidency, and in doing so proved...
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French Onion Soup Fallout: Aristotle’s Persuasion Model Introduction Think about the last time you persuaded someone to do something. More than likely you did not just think about what to say at the spur of the moment. You thought about what to say, how to say it, and when to say it for a longer period of time. There was deep thought put into the conversation that was going to take place. Panera bread, a well-known restaurant across the United...
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What does it mean to live a good life? Two philosophers during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, Plato, and Aristotle had an opinion on precisely what consisted of the good life and how to go about accomplishing this goal. Plato and Aristotle both maintain a notion that happiness and well-being are the highest ambitions of moral thought and behavior, and virtues are the depositions needed to achieve them. In order to learn about the concept of the good life,...
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Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe rely mainly on intervention from inside than from outside. Despite this reason, the book will not be for everyone; however, Aristotle’s path into maturity and self-acceptance may find compelling and inspiring. When Dante’s father says to him, “Dante, you’re an intellectual. That’s who you are. Don’t be ashamed of that.” -Dante Quintana, Section 1, “The Different Rules of Summer” pg. 35. Comes because they were talking about religion and Ari always...
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Aristotle by Christopher Shields is a well written book about Aristotle’s philosophy and his thoughts on ethics and how it plays a part in human nature, politics and arts. The different parts discuss Aristotle’s life and works, his thoughts on human nature, his views on the soul, his philosophical methodology and his four-cause conception of explanation. The book begins with a short biography of Aristotle where Shields asks the reader to approach Aristotle’s work with an open mind and not...
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With the different philosophies and 12 philosophers that were discussed, Aristotle was the one who caught my attention. I was drawn to his idea of philosophy because of how he said that the soul and body are embedded in each other and that the body will not work without the soul. Aristotle was a brilliant man, and his view of philosophy is extraordinary. For him, philosophy is logic with observation. He also said that without the soul, the body has...
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The philosophies of Buddha and Aristotle are vastly different and have origins in opposite sides of the world. Aristotelianism is a very practical form of philosophy, focusing on why things are the way they are; using this as the basis for how one should live to achieve an excellent character. Whereas, Buddhism is less fascinated about how the world works, instead, how to self-navigate through life and reach nirvana. However, both philosophies have firm beliefs about what is considered to...
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Understanding Aristotle’s Rhetoric Audience as an element of rhetoric has changed over time and changed throughout the course of history. One leading example of the contrast between the modern idea of audience and its original meaning is the way it was taught and observed by Aristotle. Aristotle defines rhetoric as “speech designed to persuade,”. According to Thomas L. Pangle’s The Rhetorical Strategy Governing Aristotle’s Political Teaching, Aristotle’s Politics elaborate upon our full assessment of that type of social life in...
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Animals have always been a part of humanity’s culture and throughout history their roles in society have evolved. In today’s society, some people consider their animals to be family which differs greatly from prior norms that animals were beings placed on earth to be used as resources. Why have these norms changed throughout generations? Civilizations dating back to ancient Greece began to wonder about the universe and all that encompasses it. In doing so, the ancient Greeks particularly focused on...
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Oedipus rex is a tragic play developed by Sophocles, which was first premiered in 429 BC. The play tells the story of Oedipus, who was a king in Thebes, who was presumed to unwittingly murder his father and unknowingly marry his mother following a prophecy to make to Laius, who was the previous king of Thebes. Laius to all precautions to avert the prediction, but a twist of events happened, and the prophecy comes to pass (Sophocles). After the birth...
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Prior to my commencement of the PHL unit, my understanding of happiness revolved around my religious perspective and personal experiences. I believed that in order to maximise my happiness, I needed to improve my relationship with god. My religious beliefs led me to the conclusion that happiness is not achieved by easy exercise, obedience, or other formal or legal dynamics. My religious beliefs describe happiness as a state that is achieved through understanding balance and achieving enlightenment. Happiness came from...
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In this paper, I will argue that Aristotle’s structure of virtue, which requires that there is always the possibility of excess and deficiency in an underlying emotion/desire, is correct. In order to do so, I will carry out my paper in the following way. First, I will explain what Aristotle defines as a good human and the Doctrine of the Mean. Next, I will explain the virtue of generosity and its respective vices using the 5 conditions. Lastly, I will...
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Are you living, or merely just existing? Are you truly happy deep down or are you simply content with your existence? Are you flourishing in life or are you wallowing in monotony? One of the greatest influencers to western philosophy, and considered to be, perhaps the greatest philosophical, political, and ethical thinkers of all time linked all of those ideas of truly living, happiness, and flourishing together into a concept known as eudaimonia. What really is eudaimonia, and how does...
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Creon out of his pride kills his own wife and son out of selfishness which make him a true tragic hero. Creon is a character who so caught up with what others think. Creon is isolated character who keeps to himself his plans and acts. He is very misleading character tries to lead others to crime. Creon faces dishonesty from others and sees the true character of people he thought he could trust. Creon as the protagonist with his stubborn...
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I will argue that factory farming is not ethical because the act is not virtuous, promotes the reverse of happiness, and disregards moral act of duty. Then explore and explain the philosophical views and theories of Aristotle, James Mills and Immanuel Kant. Through the lenses of their arguments, I will deduce whether they would consider factory farming as an ethical practice or not. Factory Farming Factory Farming can be defined as the raising of farm animals in poor and often...
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Aristotle was a Greek savant during the Old style time frame in Antiquated Greece. He was the author of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of reasoning. Aristotle and his instructor Plato have been known as the ‘Father of Western Way of thinking’. His compositions spread numerous subjects: material science, science, zoology, power, rationale, morals, style, verse, theater, music, talk, brain science, semantics, financial aspects, legislative issues and government. Aristotle gave a mind boggling union of the different ways of...
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In this essay, I will be explaining generally about Aristotle’s virtue ethics. I will be explaining what Aristotle means by each part of the given quote and I will be providing brief examples. Moreover, I will be evaluating some Complications facing Aristotle’s account of virtue and I will be providing some advantages and disadvantages for Aristotle’s virtue ethics. First of all, Aristotle describes moral virtue as a desire to behave properly and as a mean between the extremes of failure...
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