Chemistry is a branch of science that describes the contents of evidence, principles, laws, hypotheses obtained through the method and scientific analysis of nature, structure, reaction, and changes in energy and material. Chemical kinetics, the branch of physical chemistry involved in understanding chemical reaction rates. Chemical kinetics is the clock of time. Chemical kinetics includes many facets of cosmology, geology, genetics, engineering, and even psychology, and therefore has far-reaching implications. Chemical kinetics principles apply to both purely physical processes and...
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Introduction Stoichiometry is the section of chemistry that contains relationships between either reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to assist in determining the required quantitative data (Nijmeh 2008, p1). Stoichiometry is used by chemists to give a detailed explanation on how much of certain materials are required in order to make a certain number of given products (Kailasa 2005, para.1). No products would be able to be made without chemical stoichiometry using balanced equations to calculate the number of...
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Rationale There are chemical reactions occurring all around us and without them, even humans would not be able to live. Chemical reactions have major factors that affect the rate of the reaction; temperature is one of those major factors. For example, bread dough rises more quickly in a warm place instead of a cool one, and warm-blooded animals regulate their body temperature so it is optimal for biomechanical reactions to run. A reaction only occurs when the molecules reacting have...
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Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to find the quantitative data for the reaction between a solution of Sodium iodide and a solution of Lead (II) nitrate. This was done by finding when the limiting reactant changed from one solution to the other. To achieve this, one of the two reactants in the experiment was chosen to maintain the same measurement throughout and the second was gradually increased. Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with measuring the...
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Abstract Previous findings suggest that Lithium Chloride (LiCl) treats the Manic episodes of Bipolar disorder by alleviating risk-taking behavior. To alter the risk-taking behavior, Lithium chloride (LiCl) is administered and then regulated by Sodium Chloride (NaCl) intake. This experiment was conducted on rats to observe the effect of LiCl consumption on their movements. The rats were given lithium chloride and then later released into the open field apparatus, and then monitored their behaviors by direct observation. Rats administered with LiCl...
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INTRODUCTION Gene is that the elementary physical and sensible unit of heredity. Genes square measure comprised of desoxyribonucleic acid. many genes move as pointers to create particles referred to as proteins. In any case, various qualities do not code for proteins. In people, qualities fluctuate in size from some of hundred desoxyribonucleic acid bases to in more than two million bases. The Human order Project evaluated that individuals have somewhere within the vary of twenty,000 and 25,000 genes. Each individual...
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Chemistry plays a crucial role in keeping us healthy throughout our lifetime. Nowadays we 're living longer and healthier lives thanks to the large innovations primarily driven by the chemistry industry. The body luckily operates on its own due to the chemical reactions which are constantly occurring in our body, allowing for humans to only have the responsibility of sleeping and eating . Metabolic processing plants reuse the digestion products back into its simple building blocks, which then build our...
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Our human health and the global environment are threatened by the adverse effects of development in different field of science. Our bodies are contaminated with a large number of synthetic industrial chemicals, many of which are known to be toxic and carcinogenic while others remain untested for their health effects. They come to us from unlabeled products, chemically contaminated food, air, water. The United Nations General Assembly has addressed these challenges in its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have been...
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Abstract Rosaniline hydrochloride (RH) is a triaminotriphenyl methane dye, which is widely used as biological stain, mordant, printing, in cotton tannings, and dyeing in textile industry. The reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to RH and IO4-. The reaction is around hundred times faster in the presence of CTAB compared to aqueous medium under identical conditions. This is due to lower dielectric constant in micellar medium in which the transition state in more stabilized. The rate of the reaction...
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Chemistry is concerned with the complex arrangements and substances of which all of matter is made from. How these molecules react with other molecules and energy has given us our understanding of the universe as it is known. Therefore, I believe it is correct to view chemistry as a “central science”. Chemistry’s importance can be seen throughout most scientific disciplines. I have a particular interest in engineering, which chemistry finds itself intertwined with. Engineering would not be possible without a...
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The original experiment qualitatively examined the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This experiment occurred by measuring two concentrations (0.5M and 1M) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in both powder and solid form 10g of Calcium Carbonate affected the rate of reaction. The original experiment consisted of only one trial and two concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl). This led to the following research question being developed. Research question “Does increasing the concentration of 20mL Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) in increments...
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Rationale The main component of marble chips is calcium carbonate, CaCO3, which is an alkaline compound. With this property, marble chips are generally used as an acid neutralization material in many real-life applications, such as streams, lakes and soils where there is a certain level of acidity (Pol, 2020). When CaCO3 reacts with acid, for example hydrochloric acid (HCl), a salt (CaCl2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are formed: CaCO3(solid) + 2HCl(aqueous) CaCl2(aqueous) + H2O(liquid) + CO2(gas) (Equation...
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Chemical kinetics Kinetics of a chemical is a significant method in physical chemistry. The term kinetics means motion study. In chemical kinetics we study about the reaction. Temperature and concentrations are two variables that are affected by it. Formation and deformation of bonds and formation of products also describes by it. Explanation Chemical kinetics is also used to calculate many reactions that is order of chemical reaction, rate of reaction, and concentrations of components. Mechanism of chemical reactions also explain...
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I chose to study chemistry as part of a of a science degree with mathematics being my major area of study. Knowledge of basic maths is essential for understanding chemical processes and solving chemical problems. Stoichiometry is a great example of this as every step involves some level of maths, from balancing chemical equations to unit conversions. A strong parallel between chemistry and maths is the ability to use logic as part of the decision-making process when working through problems....
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Rationale The big issue is that I want to see if chemical reactions will happen faster if they happen at different temperatures. So, I will see if iodine solution and starch solution will react faster if they are at room temperature, at 40 degrees and if they are cold. So, I will be recreating the Iodine Test Background Research: The Iodine test is an experiment which is used to determine the existence of starch. When this chemical reaction occurs the...
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One thing I have always loved to do is bake for all my friends and family. In high school, I was known for my s’more cookies and I would bake them every Thursday night and pass them out around school. Little did I know then that baking can be broken down to a bunch of different chemical reactions through the different ingredients. In chemistry, we learned that one of the most basic ways to tell if a chemical reaction occurs...
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Abstract The experiment that was performed over two weeks served to examine how the amount of enzyme, amount of substrate, presence of inhibitor, or the magnitude of temperature changes the reaction rate between the enzyme and substrate present. The enzyme used in these experiments was peroxidase which was extracted from turnips and placed in flasks to be transferred into tubes and would later be mixed with the substrate to start the reaction. The substrate used in the experiment was hydrogen...
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Introduction In our IB biology class, we’ve learned about enzymatic reaction and we’ve done the experiment on that unit. The experiment was about the rate of enzymatic reaction of lactosemilk by using an enzyme called lactase at different temperatures. At different temperatures, the rate of reaction changed. I was interested in this topic because there were more factors, not only temperature but also hydrogen ions concentration, presence of inhibitor, and concentration of substrate, which affect the rate of an enzymatic...
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Computer hardware consists of physical parts of the computer which includes CPU’s (central processing units), motherboard, graphics card, CPU cooler, hard drive or SSD (solid state drive), RAM (random access memory) as well as, computer peripherals which include: monitors, computer mouse, and the keyboard. The use of chemistry makes it possible to improve computer hardware by the use of chemical metals and non-metals such as lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) among many others. Computer Monitors The first computer monitors available...
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Have you ever wondered how fireworks actually work? Fireworks have been used for centuries as a source of entertainment, a method of communication and for religious reasons. Fireworks were invented in China. The earliest fireworks were made from hollow bamboo stalks filled with a simple chemical composition called ‘black powder’. This powder produces a small exploding reaction when ignited. In recent times, fireworks have evolved significantly in complexity in order to produce a great diversity of colours and patterns, and...
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The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends Introduction Periodic trends are plans that appear within the occasional table that lay out different viewpoints of a certain component, tallying its gauge and its electronic properties. Major occasional patterns incorporate electro-negativity, ionization imperativeness, electron enjoying, atomic clear, dissolving point, metallic character, and ionic clear. Intermittent patterns, developing from the course of activity of the irregular table, allow chemists with an invaluable gadget to quickly expect an element's properties. These designs exist since of...
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In our busy lives we have to face lots of tiresome occasions; that we really need something to overcome and create a peaceful mind. For many, a cup of coffee is a great help that relaxes the situation. Even though everyone drinks, very few are aware about the chemistry of coffee. So it’s time to look at the chemistry of this cup!! Most of the Western countries consider coffee as a phenolic richest source in their diet. It also has...
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The chemistry in forensic techniques is very important, and is a necessity in our world today. Forensics techniques are applied in many different ways. Although it is often forgotten, every person leaves behind a small part of their individual self wherever they happen to go without even realizing it. For this reason, forensics are often the key factor in providing evidence to solving crimes whether it is through fingerprinting, blood, or even a single strand of hair. Crime always has...
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I think there is a relationship between nursing and chemistry because nursing it is said to be a act and the science. And chemistry is science which shows how molecules of stuff interact with each other and the whole body of a person operate in molecular level. Which means us as nurses or as healthcare workers we need chemistry in order to understand what is going on within the body. I know it does not only relies on chemistry only...
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Chemistry had been regarded as a difficult subject for students by many researchers, teachers, and science educators because of the abstract nature of many chemical concepts, teaching styles applied in the class, lack of teaching aids, and difficult symbolic language of chemistry. For a better understanding of its concepts, students need to visualize chemical structures and molecules in three dimensions. Picturing chemical structures in three dimensions has consistently been troublesome. Traditionally, we have utilized molecular models for this reason, normally...
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Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions. You know everything in universe, whatever you can see, touch, feel or smell is matter. It is about anything containing weight and occupies space. Chairs are matter, table is matter, walls, room, fan, black board, chalk, and in fact everything that is present around us, even the air, we breathe. Analytical chemistry Involves the identification of qualitative analysis of compounds and mixtures and also...
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Chemistry has impacted society by a broad discipline that applies to all industries such as medicinal chemistry, environmental sciences and material science and it has also aided technological advancements and fortifying natural defence and as a result helps and impacts people and the society in many ways and on a daily basis and in the ‘past two centuries the development of nuclear technology and electronics has been aided by chemistry’. (1) Medicinal chemistry industry has a large impact on society...
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Forensic sciences and criminalistics have existed since ancient times, but until recently it was unknown. Throughout history, crimes have occurred in which there has always been an attempt to find the person responsible for applying justice. Many have been the crimes that have gone unpunished due to the absence of a science that was dedicated to solving them. It is when the need arises to create forensic sciences, which helps to find the culprits and provides them with the corresponding...
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Chemistry is an ever-changing field. Theories are constantly being revised and rewritten because new information has become available or a new discovery has been made. Without the founding forefathers of chemistry: Aristotle, Lavoisier, John Dalton, and others, modern chemists would be at a complete loss. Chemistry is a collaborative effort between the work of those scientists that have existed before and those that exist now. The discovery of the composition of the atom and the discovery of radiation and radioactivity...
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Chemistry was first found in 1661 and its first modern chemist was called Robert Boyle. Boyle worked with gases and was the first to disagree with the Greek idea of four elements in his book The Skeptical Chymist published in 1661. This theory was odd because the Greek were the first people to record their studies and come up with the idea of elements as well as early models and atoms. Boyle also stated that “All reality and change can...
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