Oncological treatment and pregnancy are possible, but not excluding some short-term and long-term effects on the unborn child. Cancer treatment can be categorized as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Surgery is a crucial part of treating cancer. With special precautions, surgery is possible during pregnancy, although not without the added risk of miscarriage, premature delivery, and fetal distress. During surgery, the mother is at risk of hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoxia or stress, adding a greater risk to the fetus then the...
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Cancer is a perplexing opponent. Over a hundred distinctive anatomical and histological diseases are known as cancer. There are molecular variants within subtypes of malignancies of a single organ, with differing prognosis, metastatic potential and response to treatment. Its arcane nature is reflected in its complex genetic and biochemical pathways, cell survival mechanisms and processes of proliferation and dissemination. It is never a static challenge. Its inherent genetic instability, evolution and resistance undermine our immune system and the artillery of...
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Cancer is one of the most well-known life-threatening conditions. The term ‘cancer’ is derived from a Greek word used by Galen in 100-200 AD ‘oncos’ which is Greek for swelling. This term was used to describe tumors. The Greek word, ‘oncos’, has been changed in modern health into oncology which means the study of tumors (Papavramidou N. et al.). A tumor is a swelling on a part of the body which grows abnormally and when there is a growth of...
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Cancer control is one of the key National Health Priority areas in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2018). Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells of the body divide and develop uncontrollably, with the ability to infiltrate and infect nearby cells (World Health Organization, 2018a; Yabroff, 2019). Cancer is the result of various alterations in the processes that guide and control cell proliferation, spread and invasion (WHO, 2018a). This leads to downstream changes that alter the sequencing and...
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In this essay, a patient’s journey from diagnosis to completion of treatment will be discussed. The topics dealt with will include causes, to life after treatment. The text below will suggest the best possible actions and care for the patient. Etiology and Epidemiology Intraductal Carcinoma of the breast is classified as an in situ tumor where the lining of the duct mutates and become cancerous but does not spread (Cancer Research UK, 2017). In 2015, this accounted for around 7,900...
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Cancer is a word that most people think of to be a death sentence. It is one word that nobody wants to hear in a doctor’s office. Sadly, over the past decades, cancer prevalence has continued to rise. It was thought to be more common in elderly people but now it is becoming a lot more common in younger adults and even in children. There are many types of cancer that can develop throughout the body. Luckily, cancer is curable...
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I am applying to your master’s (Taught) course in Cancer Biology for the September 2020-Full Time Semester. After getting my undergraduate degree in Biology-Animal Sciences from the University of Guilan (Rasht, Iran), I was accepted into the Biology-Genetics program to get a master’s degree from that university in 2010. I worked on my thesis, titled 'Expression of HDAC11 mRNAs in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of chicken (Gallus gallus) during prenatal and postnatal development under the supervision of Dr. Farzam...
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Abstract— Skin diseases such as Melanoma and Carcinoma are often quite hard to detect at an early stage and it is even harder to classify them separately. Recently, it is well known that the most dangerous form of skin cancer among the other types of skin cancer is melanoma because it is much more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not diagnosed and treated early. In order to classify these skin diseases, “Support Vector Machine (SVM)”...
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Abstract: Automated melanoma recognition in using image processing technique from the available dermoscopic images in deep learning is difficult task because of the contrast and variation of melanoma in skin. It is mainly a non-invasive method so that it cannot contact with skin more forcefully. To overcome the disadvantages this paper proposes a method using very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs).on comparing with older version of methods, in that lower-level features of CNN is employed. For more accurate classification in...
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Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer is a silent killer and “is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States” (Reynolds and Folloder, 2014, p. 356). “Pancreatic cancer will often develop without clear early signs or symptoms, and the eventual manifestations will depend on the tumor location within the gland” (Reynolds and Folloder, 2014, p. 357). Pancreatic cancer is of significant concern for nursing because the signs and symptoms are very broad and can overlap with other disease processes. Pancreaticoduodenectomy...
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Abstract Introduction Predicting the clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer is often challenging due to the lack of reliable and cost-effective prognostic parameters. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), an index of the variability in the size of the circulating RBCs has been reported to have prognostic significance in some malignancies. However, there is a scarcity of literature supporting its relevance in pancreatic cancer. Objective To study the association between RDW and tumour stage in patients with pancreatic cancer attending a tertiary...
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Introduction Cancer epidemiology Cancer biology Carcinogenesis Molecular basis of cancer Cancer metastasis Pancreatic cancer Epidemiology In the current age of the cancer research, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most hostile and deadly cancer worldwide (Zhuo-Xin Cheng et al., 2011). Pancreatic cancer is a sixth leading cause of death due to cancer in Europe and in United States it is the sixth due to because of various reasons like poor diagnosis as well as prognosis, lack of screening...
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Abstract Cancer treatments have been advancing over the previous decade because of the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Melanoma accounts for only 4% of all dermatologic cancers, but it accounts for almost 80% of the deaths recorded from skin cancer because of its ability of deep invasion and spreading as well as Melanoma tumor cells were able to effectively block chemotherapy which arose the need for new Recent studies has shown that kinases play a crucial role in various...
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Abstract Skin cancer is caused due to irregular growth of cells. There are three major types of skin cancer- Melanoma, Basal, and Squamous cell Carcinoma. Among the three the most dangerous form is Melanoma. If it is left untreated, it leads to the spreading of all over the body including organs. However, the early stage detection of Melanoma is really helpful to cure it. Computer vision can be used for the medical image diagnosis and it has been proved by...
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Diseases of the Skeletal, Integumentary, and Nervous Systems The human body is made up of nine systems at the organ system level. These nine systems are made up of organs that have certain structures that promote functioning together, and similar functions and the systems working together constitute an organism. Diseases that affect three of these nine systems, the skeletal system, the integumentary system, and the nervous system is the focus of this essay. Skeletal System Disease: Osteoporosis Epidemiology and Causes...
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Abstract — Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin lesion which is a severe disease globally. Early detection of melanoma using medical images significantly increases the survival rate. However, the accurate recognition of melanoma is extremely challenging task. Since the joint use of image enhancement techniques and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) has demonstrated proven success, the joint techniques could have discriminatory power on skin lesion diagnosis as well. To this hypothesis, we propose the aggregation algorithm for skin lesion...
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Health Issue Before Malawi gained independence in 1964, it was colonized under Great Britain as a British protectorate called Nyasaland in 1907. In the 1950s, neighboring Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe and Zambia, respectively, had a much larger European population that was in favor of merging the three nations into one. Nyasaland resisted this union due to the higher proportion of Europeans in the other nations that would overshadow Nyasaland’s indigenous leadership. Despite resistance, the nations were joined in...
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Abstract: This paper presents the Chicken Swarm Optimization algorithm for feature selection, which can be used for the prediction of cervical cancer. Cervical Cancer is the type of cancer that occurs at the cells of the cervix – the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer. When exposed to HPV, a woman’s immune system typically prevents the virus...
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Introduction to public health assignment Background According to the WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO), the world is facing many global threats or challenges which range from the outbreak of diseases, environmental effects like global warming which lead to climate change as well as non-communicable diseases like obesity and cancer. Our group will focus on one of this threats namely cervical cancer which is a non-communicable disease (NCD). Non-communicable diseases are chronic conditions that progress slowly and share common behavioral risk factors...
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1. Chapter 1 1.1. Background of the study Cancer has emerged to be the 3rd leading killer disease in Kenya after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Cervical cancer ranks amongst the most frequent cancer among Kenyan women. According to (HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Information Centre, 2018), each year more than 5000 Kenyan women are diagnosed with cervical cancer while more than 3000 die from the disease. Women between the age of 15 to 44 years often become at a risk of contracting...
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Abstract The study was undertaken on the topic cervical cancer in Botswana that is, the people at risk of cervical sarcoma together with the incidence and prevalence rates of cervical cancer in Botswana. The study was further more described by briefly stating and discussing elements responsible for the occurrence of cervical sarcoma in the population. In making study more understandable the study was demonstrated using a model of causation called web causation theory clearly illustrating the causes of cervical cancer....
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Taking cells from patients is a standard practice of biomedical research worldwide from the 50s till today. The first immortal cell line (HeLa cells) were created from cervical cancer cells taken from Henrietta Lacks, a young mother of five children died in 1951 at the age of 31 after seeking treatment at Johns Hopkins Hospital for an aggressive form of cervical cancer. Dr. Richard TeLinde, who treated Henrietta with radiation took a sample of her cervical cancer tissue without obtaining...
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In 1999, Elizabeth Reichel looked at worldviews surrounding global religions based on the culture and the ecology that encompassed gender-based knowledge among indigenous Amazonian hunter-gatherer groups. The dynamic difference between gender-based knowledge among hunter-gatherer groups is tied closely in with cosmology and perception of their worldview. This is heavily worked into the social structure of these indigenous groups; their cosmology and worldview impacts everything from property rights to the status of chiefdoms. Looking at the concepts that surround Thoughts of...
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The idea of modern hunter-gatherer societies in the world today is a subject that often ignites the academic community. Trying to solve world problems and public health issues are also central topics of discussion among the younger academic community and the scholarly academic community. Debates ranging from subsistence consumption to disease patterns among populations have generated a plethora of research to be done around the globe. Among some of this research are results showing a steep rise in human papillomavirus,...
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An effective screening method for detection of early-stage ovarian cancer requires a specificity of at least 99.6%, sensitivity of at least 75% and a positive predictive value of at least 10% (Clarke-Pearson DL, 2009). Because of the requirement to have high specificity in order to be considered as a screening tool in the general population, this Is a great challenge. Rising CA125 values are associated with progressive growth of ovarian cancer, whereas stable CA125 values, even when elevated, are associated...
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Introduction The second biggest cause of cancer in the UK is overweight or obesity and this is preventable. Cancer Research UK (CRUK) reports that breast cancer is now the UK’s most common cancer. (CRUK, 2019). According to the World Health Organisation, (WHO) breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. WHO have also now estimated that in the last 40 years, the prevalence of obesity worldwide has more than doubled (WHO, 2018). It is expected that cancer...
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Although the available limited evidence suggested a protective role of APN on ovarian carcinogenesis, additional studies are necessary to elucidate its function in ovarian tumor onset and progression. Low APN blood levels were also associated with an increased risk and a worse prognosis of endometrial cancer. Additionally, a low expression of AdipoR1 in endometrial cancer cells is associated with advanced tumor stage [Tumminia et al., 2019]. The mechanism by which APN inhibits the growth of endometrial cancer cells is unknown....
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Before delving into the content of this essay, it is crucial to understand why this argument is valid. Cancer is a fatal disease and the chances of survival, especially for skin cancer, vary greatly depending on how early and accurately it is diagnosed (The Skin Cancer Foundation, 2019). Recognising cancerous cells from benign ones requires not only medical knowledge but precision and intelligence. Would a machine be able to diagnose a patient with skin cancer? When arguing whether Artificial Intelligence...
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Abstract— Image processing techniques are widely used in several medical problems for image enhancement in the detection phase to support early medical treatment. In this research, we aim to improve quality and accuracy of early detection of lung cancer through a combination of image processing techniques and machine learning. The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) dataset has been used for training and testing purpose where DICOM is the primary format used for image storage. Classification is done using SVM (Support Vector...
4 Pages
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Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most serious cancers in the world, with the smallest survival rate after the diagnosis. In CT scans, lung nodules appear as dense masses of various shapes and sizes. They may be isolated from or attached to other structures such as blood vessels or the pleura. In this paper a detection of Candidate Nodules (solitary or juxtapleural in a 2D CT slice is achieved using two schemes of segmentation and enhancement algorithms. Convolutional Neural...
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