Heavy metals can be defined as having high-density atomic weight or the atomic number, for example, heavy metals can be distinguished based on density. Some heavy metals are either essential nutrients usually Iron, cobalt, and zinc or relatively harmless such as ruthenium, silver, and indium. Other heavy metals like cadmium, mercury and lead which are considered highly toxic. Heavy metals...
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Base metals grew after a series of tumbling sessions with the progress in US-China trade talks. The two countries are expected to get a deal where a portion of the $250 billion US tariffs on Chinese goods may be rolled back. The US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin wrote about the productive talks between the two countries. China announced a stimulus...
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ABSTRACT The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carbohydrate, and restricted protein diet that was framed in the 1920’s as an alternative therapy for refractory epilepsy. Refractory epilepsy poses high risk of morbidity and mortality for pediatric population. It is a desirable treatment modality for refractory epilepsy in children. The ketogenic diet can be used by people of...
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Comparing the protein concentration of unstimulated and stimulated tears, the data displayed an equal variance with a T test P-value of 0.224. The P-value signifies there was no significant difference in protein concentration between stimulated and unstimulated tears. Fullard and Snyder (1990) concluded eight out the twelve proteins of tear concentration were found to be significantly higher in unstimulated tears...
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ABSTRACT High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chromatographic process used in the fields of analytical chemistry, biochemistry and industrial separation of a mixture of compounds. The key objectives for using HPLC are the detection, quantification and purification of the mixture's specific components.HPLC plays an important and critical role in the pharmaceutical industry as it is used to test the products...
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Introduction Ethanol produced from biomass has a significance role in the industry. It was not used in a large quantity until mid of 1970. The sudden increase in the prices of oil made the scientist to switch towards biomass ethanol production and as a result of that ethanol engines are 15% more efficient then other engines. Characteristics of ethanol as...
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Introduction Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is red-brown odorless crystal, stable in air but photosensitive so it should be protected from light, also small amount of moisture with light is enough to photodegrade sodium nitroprusside. Beside the photodegradation, sodium nitroprusside undergoes many reactions which some of them are undefined, or it yields Prussian blue, cyanic acid and nitric oxide [1,2]. Sodium nitroprusside...
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Even though many researches have looked over the short-term consequences of a ketogenic diet in bringing down the weight in obese patients, its long-term outcomes on different physical and biochemical factors are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To find out the results of a 24-week ketogenic diet which comprised of 30 g carbohydrate, protein equivalent to 1 g/kg body weight, 20%...
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Analysis High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with the Pre-Column Fluorescence Derivatization is a method in which the separation and ultra-sensitive detection of a substances occur. This sensitive method simultaneously detects eight amino acids (AAs); glycine, alanine, serine, glutamic Acid, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. These AAs has been developed and validated in different species of tea. Moreover, the method was...
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It is a first NSAID ( nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent). it is derived from the chemical phenyl acetic acid . it mainly acts as analgesic and antipyretive . the recommended dose of the drug is 100-150mg. the administration of the drug is done through several ways mainly through oral, rectal, intramuscular , Capsule ,Gel ,Drops. There are different Brand names of...
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Introduction Coconut husk is a waste product in the coconut industry and has a capability of being an adsorbent in certain constituents. Surface runoff in metal rich soil are ignored as it is known to be a natural phenomenon that is costly and difficult if it is to overcome. Valuable metals could still be hoarded as natural adsorbents exist in...
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Once Winter arrives people tend to go crazy in order to get rid of the ice they see on the streets. Utilizing salt is one of the most useful ways to melt ice. However, there’s no need to pour tons of salt on your block to melt the ice. It is important to know how much salt you’re going to...
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Introduction High levels of salt concentration can have detrimental effects to the plants that are growing there. Rising salinity levels is one of the biggest attributes to the lack of growth within a plant population (Qados 2011). Salt concentrations in soils worldwide create problems each year and lead to loses of crop or even single plants (Garcia, Dattamundi, Chanda, Jayachandran...
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Introduction The multi-exposure to various mycotoxins may lead to additive, synergic or antagonist toxic effects (Ficheux et al, 2012) to humans and animals. This may cause chronic and acute diseases thereby calling for food safety measures. Many countries have setup strict regulations for mycotoxin control in food and feed and established legislation to control their possible contamination (Juan et al.,...
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Abstract The aim of green chemistry is not only to reduce the hazard substances and eliminate destructive environmental impact, it also aims to search for new, improve and efficient methods for chemical synthesis. The green chemistry techniques that are discussed in this research paper are: Sonochemistry, microwave-assisted in organic synthesis, solvent-free in organic synthesis, and alternative solvents. Green chemistry techniques...
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Bio-ethanol as alternatives source of energy Bioethanol is obtained from plant biomass based waste materials or renewable sources. It can be used as a fuel, chemical feedstock, and solvent in various industries. It has certain advantages as petroleum substitutes, alcohol can be produced from a number of renewable resources, alcohol as fuel burns cleaner than petroleum this aspect is environmentally...
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With nutrients being consumed daily by individuals, this lab serves to inform one of the processes of osmosis and diffusion when digested, as well as detecting the nutrient that will result in either process. Due to the human viewing the objective, they must be informed of the processes that occur within their bodies, hence the usage of a semi-permeable membrane...
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Introduction For this lab, we were to design trials testing different salt concentrations on various organisms and see how they reacted to the substance we laid on them. Also, to examine at how variance in pH balances altered several organisms. Acid rain was the main center of the lab in which the effects of this rain can have colossal outcomes...
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Introduction Metals are classified as lustrous and malleable electrical conductors that are located mainly on the left side of the periodic table. Many industries around the world, such as metal plating and mining companies, produce wastewater contaminated with heavy metals such as lead and copper which they dispose of into the environment (Seniūnaitė, Vaiškūnaitė, Bolutienė 2014). This is a significant...
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Introduction Forensic investigations: defined by applications of principles to matter (Merriam, 2019). Examined through analytical techniques; procedures for analysis of facts, issues, or status- generally are tasked and time-limited (ManagementMania, 2016). However, with increased effectiveness- accuracy of findings will intensify and limitations will decrease. Chromatography is a technique used within forensics- separating components of a chemical mixture relying on the...
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Introduction There is new ways in nutrition that is doctors recommend to some patient like keto diet and low carbohydrate diet . they depend on following lower intake of carbohydrate , sugars in their diet below 15% of their calories per day . patients follow those diets to lose wight or to recover from some diseases , change in metabolic...
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The nutritional considerations that athletes need to be aware of in order to improve their performance are categorised into 3 sections, pre-performance, during-performance and post-performance. Pre-performance The athlete must be aware that it is important to be well-fueled and hydrated. Tennis players need to pay special attention to their pre-match meals and beverage choices as these foods and fluids may...
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INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are the most common biomolecules found in living organisms on earth, belonging to the class of organic compounds. Annually, photosynthesis convert over 100 billion cubic meters of CO2 and H2O into cellulose and other plant materials. Living matter is mainly composed of biomolecules formed of water and complex amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydrates are related to glycoprotein-forming...
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RATIONALE Soil pH is the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions in the soil. It is measured in the range of 1 – 14, 1 being the most acidic and 14 being the most alkaline while 7 serves as the midpoint representing neutral substances like water. Soil pH is an essential measure in determining the availability...
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Rationale The nitrogen cycle (Figure 1.0.1) is complex and involves chemical, geological and biological processes. Flora, fauna and various bacteria are involved. Air is approximately 79% nitrogen but nitrogen gas cannot be used by most living organisms. Instead, plants must obtain their nitrogen from the soil as nitrate and animals obtain their nitrogen from plants or other animals. Nitrogen is...
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The higher the temperature the faster the particles move. This is because of the kinetic energy, the more kinetic energy there is, the greater the chance is for a collision that results in a reaction. More energetic particles have a higher chance of “COLLIDING SUCCESSFULLY because they will collide more often thus increasing the number of successful collisions PER SECOND,...
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Rationale In the practical experiment conducted different concentration levels of Tea Tree oil were used against the bacteria of Micrococcus Luteus to measure the effectiveness of Tea Tree oil at different concentrations. The experiment was originally the practical of “Which of the six natural antibiotics was most effective against the spread of Staphylococcus Epidermis and Micrococcus Luteus?” To the practical...
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Research Question Reducing carbon output from cars and producing more sustainable fuel at first seems straightforward but there are a number of things that need to be considered. Investigate the advantages or disadvantages of smaller versus larger engines, fuel types and electric vehicles. Report on a type of engine and fuel and its potential advantages and disadvantages in reducing carbon...
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Chemistry is a branch of science that describes the contents of evidence, principles, laws, hypotheses obtained through the method and scientific analysis of nature, structure, reaction, and changes in energy and material. Chemical kinetics, the branch of physical chemistry involved in understanding chemical reaction rates. Chemical kinetics is the clock of time. Chemical kinetics includes many facets of cosmology, geology,...
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Abstract This investigation discusses the relationship between the specific glucose concentration in three solutions Coke, Gatorade and Sucrose. This spectrophotometer was used, this is a device to measure absorbed light intensity as a function of wavelength of 340nm and record visible regions of glucose and sucrose. The experiment found that glucose obtained and concentration of 1.83g/100mL in Coke and 1.2g/100mL...
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