Populism is a term used to describe political movements or parties that have anti-establishment leanings and run on a quasi-tribalistic platform that presents a binary worldview of the âthe good and morally pure people [against] the corrupt, self-serving elite (Brett, 2013) and populism exists in both right- and left-wing politics. Despite this, I will primarily focus on right-wing populism. The two most effective lenses to analyse the causes of populism are Constructivism and Marxism; both are useful as to evaluate...
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Totalitarianism is a form of government that exercises complete political, economic, social, cultural, and spiritual control over its subjects. A charismatic leader, or dictator, who controls the one allowable political party, usually heads it. This form of rule requires complete subordination of the individual to advance the interests of the state. People are made dependent on the wishes and whims of the political party and its leader. The governments of Italy & Nazi Germany was an example of a Fascist,...
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The theoretical discourse underpinning the relationship between democracy and the developmental performance of markets and states, especially in the developing countries, has been at stake for millennia and still has not reached a definite consensus about whether this particular type of non-market institutions actually causally results in economic growth. However, the comprehensive existing literature on this highly salient topic draws on the idea that even if democracy is preferable, it is not a necessary precondition for development. In order to...
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Populism is notoriously difficult to define but most academics appear to agree that it has two main elements: firstly a claim to speak on behalf of ordinary people and secondly the ordinary peopl must stand up in opposition to an elite establishment or institution which stops them from fulfilling their political ambitions. In this essay, I am going to use a definition created by Cas Mudde, Professor at the University of Georgia. He defines populism as, [An] ideology that separates...
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The word democracy is derived from two Greek words; demos, which means citizens, and kratos law. Democracy literally means 'law of the people.' Democracy, according to (Appadorai,2014), is a form of government in which the people exercise governing power directly or through members who are elected on a regular basis. Although the circumstances of modern state make direct participation of all citizens in state government unlikely, the principle of democracy still emphasizes the rule of the people, according to Watter...
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The rise of democracy over the globe raises the question of how effective democratic regimes are in maintaining the welfare of its citizens. Many well established democracies have high rates of positive population health, however, it is unclear whether the two factors are causally connected. My research question is: does democracy have an effect on population health? The dependent variable is population health and the independent variable is the level of democracy. To measure the relationship, I will be looking...
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The source discusses the view that UK democracy is in crisis, and argues that, in some aspects, there does seem to be evidence to suggest that the UK is experiencing ‘something’ of a participation crisis, due to a decrease in public confidence and a lower voter turnout in the past few decades. On the other hand, the source also suggests that ‘crisis’ is too strong a word to describe the UK’s political participation, as people are not as disengaged with...
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Democracy means people-power or rule by the people. The idea came from the ancient Greeks who combined the words demos (people) and krates (rule) to create the term. The term is typically used in the context of a form of government in which all the citizens have a vote. In a democratic government, the people's views influence the laws and decisions made by the government. The development of democracy can be traced back to ancient times, particularly to ancient Greece....
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The American democracy is based on a government by the people, which means the power is vested in the people themselves. The people elect representatives who conduct their power in a free electoral system. The Declaration of Independence, which says that all men are created equal, was written on the premise of a democracy. In the book Democracy in America, Alexis De Tocqueville talks about admiring the American governing system for their sovereignty and the division of powers. Tocqueville believed...
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Later this month, Mongolia will host the 7th ministerial conference of the Community of Democracies (CD), an intergovernmental forum of democracies formed in 2000 at the initiative of Bronislaw Geremek of Poland and Madeleine Albright of the United States. Several civil society events will accompany it. The CD was launched at a conference in Warsaw in 2000, and its goals were announced in the Warsaw Declaration: strengthening democratic values and institutions, protecting human rights, and promoting civil society. The effort...
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Democracy in the United States has been in a constant state of change. To this day, Democracy is still evolving to fit the times. New laws passed, old laws challenged or abolished, and ideas constantly being shared. Currently we get most of our current information about these changes from news media, but in the 19th century there were many writers who used their skills to talk about changes that were happening and to bring light to changes that needed to...
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We all live in the United States a country a freedom, a country of democracy, living in a democracy has many good and many bad factors although other systems are less desirable it is important to know democracies flaws. Starting out with what’s good with democracy and explaining what a democracy is. Living in a democracy is important as the people in a democracy have a voice and freedom. But to live in a democracy is to have the right...
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Democracy, according to Abraham Lincoln former American President is a government of the people by the people and for the people. In other words “Democracy is a system of government in which all the people of a state or polity are involved in decision making”. Most theories of democracy are based on the principle of “government by the people”. This implies that people participate in the making of crucial decisions that influence their lives and determine the societal environment. Bühlmann...
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He argued for direct involvement in his work the Social contract displaying that ‘to be represented is to give up’. Direct democracy makes frequent use of referendums where citizens are asked directly instead of matters being discussed through elected MP’s. Nonetheless, this system isn’t flawless. It requires the affair to be simple, at the same time as binary. As soon as the issue becomes complicated it loses its authority to serve its purpose since it only allows space for a...
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Introduction to Democracy's Evolution Democracy is a political idea of which there is great significance in many societies today for which we can thank fifth-century Athens. Democracy was created and molded throughout the years by Greeks who had great societal and political influence. In antiquity, the common form of government was an aristocratic and tyrannical form of government in which the upper classes of society dominated in a top to bottom framework. The economic and social divisions existed in Athens...
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While Plato built on the idea of aristocracy as his method of governance in an ideal society (Kallipolis), he laid down heavy criticism towards democracy as a form of government in the process as well. In this essay, I will explore these arguments but first establishing what Plato’s conception of a democracy is. I will first discuss Plato’s assertion of the eventual disintegration for each type of regime followed by his critique of the form of leadership in a democracy....
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Does consensus democracy improve the quality of government? The first matter I will address are the variables in the question. This will allow for a more thorough discussion about whether consensus democracy increases the quality of government, because I will refer to the elements in each variable, in my causal analysis. Lijphart distinguishes between two forms of democratic government systems: consensus democracies and majoritarian democracies. These differ in two ways: the executive-parties dimension and the federal-unitary dimension. The executive-parties dimension...
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Democracy and market capitalism are two partners, although there are ample to benefits of their relationship yet market capitalism has extraordinary influential impact on the outcomes of country’s democratic status. The voting system in countries make them more democratic and the term market capitalism means private enterprises where monetary entities are people or other ventures. Some people believe that relationship between democracy and market capitalism is mutually fair but I think that there is need to improve that because it...
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The assertion here is that capitalism poses a threat to democratic governance, however, not only do I disagree with this statement, but I feel that democracy and capitalism go hand in hand. We just have to look to history to find the compatibility between the two, where we can see that democracies thrive with a capitalist economy, taking the example of contemporary Switzerland among others. Throughout the essay I will explain my view that capitalism leads not only to stability,...
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During the Cold War, Democracy and Freedom were some major factors at play during this time. The US pushed and supported Democracy spread around the world, while Freedom was still a big issue. As much as the US was viewed as a beacon of democracy, back home there were still movements/groups protesting for civil rights. During this time the US funded and created Organization/Programs that would help prevent the spread of communism. For Example, Truman on March 12, 1947, declared...
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Democracy is a system of government where the leading part is chosen by the people to govern society. Democracy works on principles such as freedom of speech, judiciary, and law and order. When these principles are targeted, democracy is threatened and starts to erode. This was seen in the 1930s when Germany’s democratic government fell and was replaced with a man that provided simplistic solutions to the complicated problems of democracy. He immediately grew in popularity and was established the...
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Censorship is a pretty challenging task in this day and age with the advances of the Internet. Censorship is the act of denying access to any material, speech, public announcements, or information that is in opposition to the lawmakers, acting government, institutions, or corporations putting the censorship rules in place. It has almost always throughout history been used by governments to protect their beliefs and values and to try and prevent opposition. A great modern-day example of this would be...
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Introduction In the 21st century democracy plays a key role in societies, however, there are still societies where democracy is not present. Moreover, countries where democracy is not established, are the countries where society lives between fences and walls. Walled democracies Countries such as China and Russia are perfect examples of societies that live in walled democracies . According to Larry Diamond, over the years after there has been a “democratic recession,” in which the cumulative number of democratic countries...
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Throughout this essay it will be determined that the likelihood of Vietnam shifting towards a more democratic system in the next three years is nominal. The prospect of either a complete or partial transition to democracy in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam can be effectively ruled out within this timeframe. Throughout this report, the current autocratic setup of the rapidly growing country will be examined, with various potential causes for a transition to democracy scrutinized. Furthermore, the country’s turbulent history...
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A democratic country is seen as a country where the power is held by the people, whether directly or indirectly. The UK uses both direct and indirect democracy. For example, it uses direct democracy through citizens' juries and public petition and uses indirect democracy, also known as representative democracy, through constituency MP's. Many people view Britain as an example of a democratic country due to its democratic features in its political system, including elections, rule of law, and protection of...
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Democracy is a highly contest term and is constantly redefined by modern contexts. However, the success of a democracy always relied on its ability to ensure political equality and liberty. Yet the struggles in modern democracies such as US and UK highlight the difficulties in achieving these goals. Ronald Reagan (1982) once proposed that to foster the infrastructure of a democracy, there must be a system of a free press, unions, political parties, universities, which allows a people to choose...
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Introduction The revolutionary process that was developed in North America (on the Atlantic Ocean coast) towards the second half of the 18th century was led by the inhabitants of the 13 English colonies, in response to the political and economic measures imposed by Jorge III , king of England. After various rejection actions by the English government, the settlers, led by characters such as Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and others, decided to declare their independence on July 4,...
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High levels of economic inequality have frequently been cited as a reason for why democracy may not be effective in a certain nation, or why democracy cannot prosper for long periods within a country. Democracy in this context is referring to a nation that holds free and fair elections with broad participation, along with a rule of law that contains checks and balances on power (Treisman, Lecture 1). Inequality can be determined using the Gini coefficient, a number between 1...
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Outline the central functions of political parties in liberal democracies. What factors help to explain the reduction in political party members? A political party is defined as a group of people who are organized to gain and exercise political power. Political parties emerged in their modern form in the United States and Europe in the nineteenth century, which also led to the evolution of electoral and parliamentary systems. Since then the term party has been used for all those structured...
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In the 21st century, while most countries and their governments are democratic in nature or are aspiring to be one, India stands out. It is the biggest democracy in the world, assuring adult franchise to every single adult individual the right to cast their vote. And the beauty of it lies in the fact, that irrespective of your cast, creed, race, or religion - everyone is guaranteed their voting right. One of the few days of the year when the...
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