Abstract India is an agricultural country and most of the people, wherein about 70% depends on agriculture. So, disease detection in plants is very important. Tomato is one of the strongly grown and widely used crops. There are many types of tomato diseases and pests, in which the pathology of which is complex. Crop diseases are a major threat to crop production, but their identification remains difficult in many parts of India due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure....
3 Pages
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A catastrophic environmental imbalance is a matter that needs the attention of the world. The rise in average temperature of the earth’s climate system is what we call Global Warming. One of the major factors is increase in level of Carbon dioxide. Emission of these gases cause green house effect. When solar rays enter earth and hits earth’s surface they bounced back to the space. Due to increase in levels of green house gases, these rays get trapped in earth’s...
2 Pages
860 Words
Abstract When plants and crops are affected by pests it affects the agricultural production of the country. Usually farmers or experts observe the plants with naked eye for detection and identification of disease. But this method can be time processing, expensive and inaccurate. Automatic detection using image processing techniques provide fast and accurate results. This project is concerned with a new approach to the development of plant disease recognition model, based on leaf image classification, by the use of deep...
3 Pages
1398 Words
Introduction “Bio-technology” refers to the area of study in which the living organisms are used to produce the useful products through the manipulation of genes. 'Genetic engineering” refers to the process that alters the genetic structure of an organism by removing or introducing DNA. Rice genome has provided the foundation to improve the cereals. In parallel, novel plant transformation systems have been proposed, notably with regard to plastid transformation and the removal of selectable marker genes in transgenic plants. Despite...
2 Pages
1211 Words
Abstract Plants play a significant role in human life. Plants area unit helpful for manufacturing oxygen(O2) by taking the carbon dioxide(CO2) that is free by humans by the method of chemical change. The chemical {process| chemical change| chemical action} process is principally applied by leaves. The diseases that cause plants area unit on leaves because of the microorganism, fungi, etc. The identification of the sickness in time and see for the answer is that the task to any human by...
2 Pages
941 Words
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Abstract The diseases of plants caused by viruses are always in main concern for researchers because they reduced the yield and quality of food grains or horticultural products like fruits, vegetables and flowers which will leads a major economic loss of agricultural stakeholders. Presently there is no direct control strategy for viral infection in plants. Advancement in technology leads a novel approach which uses peptide aptamers for controlling plant virus. This technology is effective because the peptide aptamers are specific...
4 Pages
2002 Words
Introduction Encouraging as many students to study botany is becoming a major priority for universities across our globe. The Royal Society of Biology have highlighted the lack of plant based teaching in current tertiary education [1]. Out of a total of 130 UK universities only 22 offer any sort of plant/botany based degree as of October 2018. The Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University have given report upon the fact that universities are failing to develop adequate...
3 Pages
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Virus-induced-gene-silencing is an approach of reverse genetics that has been successfully used for to study gene fucntion. It is employed at postranscriptional level by taking advantage of plant defence mechanism against parasite infection. Usually, after viral infection, plants produce double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to degrade RNA viruses. By simulating this approach, in VIGS , genes underlying pathogeneic effects on host plant in viral genome are removed. A sequence of the target gene is inserted into a VIGS vector such as...
2 Pages
779 Words
INTRODUCTION The light from the Sun and the presence of carbon dioxide is crucial in propelling the process of photosynthesis. It is these main factors that plants can grow and expand. However, the threat of climate change will dramatically alter the conditions in which flora can thrive in. Hence forth this experiment is to model and investigate the impacts of climate change on plants via a combination of light intensity and carbon dioxide presence. Climate change is heavily linked to...
4 Pages
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Over the course of 350 million years, plants and insects have coevolved to counter each other’s defensive strategies. A variety of physical and biochemical mechanisms are used almost intuitively to help plants deter herbivorous pests. Chemical signals and compounds emitted by plants can be exploited by herbivores, predators and parasitoids to locate resources. In this review, we will look at the ways plants interact with their herbivore counterparts. We will also delve into how science is using herbivore signaling and...
4 Pages
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Plant communication: the big question Plants can communicate too. They can detect other plants next to or around them and respond accordingly. They can do this by a number of ways, one way is secreting certain chemicals into the soil to affect how their neighbouring plants grow and behave, depending on how crowded they find their neighbourhood to be. As plants can’t simply run away, they have acquired a number of strategies to help them cope with their neighbours. They...
2 Pages
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ABSTRACT In the Current era, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and declining forest which are ultimately leading to a global climate changes. The huge scale of lessening of forestation for firewood, building, paper products, textile and many other applications are gradually imposing a serious negative impact on the environment. Inherently, it has limit application due to the presences of hemicellulose and lignin. Therefore, this studies shows benefit of bacterial cellulose alternative in the near future. As it possess several important and unique...
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A plant-based diet is composed of whole grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes. It is highly encouraged by the government and health organizations because it can have a positive impact on animal welfare as well as climate change. Plant-based diets are also known to have numerous nutrients and minerals which are known to do wonders physically and mentally for the human body. The population is growing rapidly thus the consumption of food and resources has been increasing at an alarming rate....
2 Pages
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The topic of reducing your carbon footprint by adding a more plant-based diet is pertinent to the environment. Eating a plant-based diet is a diet that consists of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. Eating a vegan diet does not include any type of animal product; a vegetarian diet does not consist of animal products except for items such as milk, honey, and eggs. Everyone has a carbon footprint, but it is up to us to reduce our carbon footprint as...
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The purpose of this C.T. is to find solutions to reduce the impact of human activity in the world and we are going to try to find positive solutions that could help change the human activity in the world. The problem that we chose to solve is to reduce the amount of meat we eat.We chose this topic because we want to show that something that doesn’t use meat like plant-based burgers , can help our environment in many different...
3 Pages
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ABSTRACT Most fungi are saprophytic and not pathogenic to plants, animals and humans. However, a relative few fungal species are phytopathogenic, cause disease (e.g., infections, allergies) in man, and produce toxins that affect plants, animals and humans. Among such fungi are members of the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera as well as other genera (e.g., Alternaria, Mucor) comprising the emerging pathogen group in humans. These fungi present a common threat to both agricultural production and the health of healthy and immunocompromised...
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Introduction Nature comprises many processes that recycle various elements to avoid human wastage. Nature does not waste any of its elements and recycles them all including water, air and organic fertility. Recycling of natural elements occurs in order to maintain ecological balance for survival of all living species. However, human beings have meddled with nature so much that problems such as depletion of ozone layer and global warming are inflicting the human race adversely (Kalman and Sjonger 11). An example...
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Introduction: Mount Everest and Mount Fuji are two iconic mountains that hold immense cultural, historical, and geographical significance. While both mountains capture the imagination of adventurers and nature enthusiasts, they possess distinct characteristics that set them apart. In this essay, we will explore the similarities and differences between Mount Everest and Mount Fuji, highlighting their geological features, cultural significance, and climbing experiences. Geological Features: Mount Everest, located in the Himalayas, is the highest peak in the world, standing at a...
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“Man is not above nature, but in nature.” The quote stated by Ernst Haeckel describes how people have treated the earth surrounding them. Most do not give it a second thought. That should change. Many things could go into how humans need to see and work alongside nature. Both nature and people interact through daily processes, so people should know how important nature can be. Man’s responsibility to nature depends on the factors of respecting it, knowing how to interact...
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I appreciate the beauty of nature and everyday occurrences in a way that I love starting my day by seeing the beauty of nature in the very simple things around me, such as the mountain, trees, plants, and some animals that were here on our farm. Every time I see a place where I feel peace and I smell the fresh air, where there is no pollution. I will say that this is the true life of being simple. And...
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The relationship between humans and nature has been an intriguing and complex one since the beginning of time. While humans are a part of nature, their actions often have adverse effects on the environment. The industrialization, urbanization, and modernization of society have led to a massive imbalance in the relationship between humans and nature. The adverse effects of climate change, pollution, and environmental degradation are evident worldwide. However, there is still hope for a more sustainable relationship between humans and...
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Tsunami is a series of water waves combines as they become huge waves as the depth of the ocean decreases. Therefore, as the waves get higher, the velocity exerted by the waves would increase, so there is a lot of energy produced by these waves, and this causes water to flow further from the shore, these water waves are enough to destruct the environment in many ways. The effects of a tsunami depend on the characteristics of the waves that...
2 Pages
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Nature is one of the factors that sustain life. Starting from the food we eat to the air we breathe. Almost all of the things around us are given by nature. But how cold-blooded are we when it comes to preserving it? We are like fleas that live on dogs or leeches that suck blood on their host. Whereas it pertains to us humans being irresponsible in taking care of nature. If this goes by, we might regret it in...
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Introduction This report is meant to investigate whether all seismic events have the same cause and effect as the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. The second seismic event chosen to compare whether the same causes and effects are common with eruptions is Mount Ontake. The theory of plate tectonics is the idea that the crust of the earth is divided into separate sections that create a shell from the mantle. The theory was brought to scientists’ attention by Alfred Wegener...
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Nature can be seen emerging in architecture right from the beginning in ancient Egypt. Natural elements inspired forms, seen in tombs carved into mountains, and use of local materials; mud brick made of the clay from the river Nile. These are examples of the ancient concept of vernacular architecture. Ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations developed their thoughts on natural forms and human bodies and interpreted them into geometry. They proportioned their structures, such as temples and shrines, using basic shapes....
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I took this picture because this was one of the most amazing sunsets I've ever been able to witness. Have you ever noticed that you have that one thing that makes you feel warm inside and for that moment, life is good? For me, that thing is the sunset. The sunset has always been there no matter what, it is my peace and comfort. We all appreciate different things in life, but the sunset makes you value the little things...
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Sunset is not a word it is an emotion. During the sunset or sunrise, the sky takes on shades of orange . According to Ram Charon- this orange color gives us hope that the sun will set to rise again. Just like many people have ups & downs in their life. Some people give up. But some people still have to hope to rise & shine again. So don't lose hope. Every problem has its solution the only thing use...
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Diamond mining has long been a controversial topic, given its negative consequences not only for society but also for the environment. As history shows, they were not called ‘blood’ for nothing, because their search destroyed many parts of the world, especially Africa. There are some ways in which Africa and other countries are doing this to prevent the mining of blood diamonds, but this process still hurts countless people for a simple stone. Mining for blood diamonds is an illegal...
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Introduction Dr. Seuss' timeless children's book, "The Lorax," has captivated readers of all ages since its publication in 1971. Through its vibrant illustrations and poetic narrative, the story sheds light on pressing environmental issues and serves as a call to action for the protection of our planet. This essay will explore the environmental issues addressed in "The Lorax" and discuss their relevance in today's world. By examining the destruction of forests, pollution, and the importance of environmental stewardship, we can...
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We live in a pluralistic world, where each tradition has its own grandeur and limitations, its successes and failures. One thing we see that is common to all, at least in recent times, is that they all are trying to address the question of how we human species should live on Earth, and in my opinion, the answer is - in harmony. There has been always a considerable amount of debate about creation as ‘static’ or ‘evolving’. In other words,...
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