Diffusion and barriers affect the impact diseases have significantly. Diffusion is the spread of people, ideas, cultural practices, etc. from one place to another. Barriers are usually associated with something negative, the closing of something. But in the case of diseases it may have positive effects. When barriers such as distance did not allow humans to travel long distances, the...
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Introduction While coacervates are not alive, they are good representations of how early life may have formed from simple organic substances under the right conditions, which eventually led to the formation of prokaryotes. Under suitable conditions, life-like structures can form naturally from relatively simple materials. In the 1920’s, a scientist named Oparin predicted that biological molecules would form in an...
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Introduction The purpose of this procedure is to study the impact of various levels of salt in relation to the enzyme catalase during the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is important to the body because it breaks down hydrogen-peroxide from its toxic form (H202) into water and oxygen. Salt, or sodium-chloride, is a necessary electrolyte in maintaining homeostasis within the...
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The use of recycled materials and hydrogens engines can help the environment and the economy at the same time. Hydrogen engines produce less dangerous emissions than other engine technologies that are currently available to the public. Industrial processes use hydrogen for processing metal, ceramics, electronics, edible oils and other various applications. Once it is used it is then released into...
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Introduction Between the years of 1960 and 2000, the presence of obesity in adults aged 20 to 74 years old in the United States increased from 13.4% to 30.9% (Bravata, 2003). There were an estimated 325000 deaths due to obesity and a staggering number of $39-$52 billion dollars in direct health care costs to treat obese individuals (Bravata, 2003). According...
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ABSTRACT Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. When used as a fuel hydrogen produces clean energy and water (H2O). The Hydrogen economy is considered as a sunrise industry which would help to achieve as many goals. Such as reducing energy consumption and emissions, also stimulating economic growth. Hydrogen economy is also the long term goal of many...
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Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to examine the correlation of enzyme production in response to the evolutionary impact of AMY1 gene copy numbers in individuals. Based upon research obtained in previous studies, there was an assumed positive correlation between gene copy numbers and the production of salivary amylase protein levels in mg/mL. Variances in copy numbers can be...
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One thing I have always loved to do is bake for all my friends and family. In high school, I was known for my s’more cookies and I would bake them every Thursday night and pass them out around school. Little did I know then that baking can be broken down to a bunch of different chemical reactions through the...
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Abstract pH is a logarithm used to measure the alkality and acidity of food. Meat of high quality has ultimate pH at the range of 5.4–5.6, Meat quality is significantly affected by preslaughter factors. The pH raw meat ranges from 6.10-6.71 while for processed ranges from 6.64-6.90. Meat with a pH above 6.2 tends to have tightly packed water-retaining fibres...
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Mark Kurlansky, author of Salt: A World History, once claimed “salt is so common, so easy to obtain, and so inexpensive that we have forgotten that…salt was one of the most sought-after commodities in human history.” Rather than going through what salt is today, Kurlansky decides to recall the history of salt. The book cites the different events that occurred...
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Abstract Hydrogen tops as one among the sustainable alternatives of fossil fuels. The purpose of this paper is to consider various technologies for hydrogen production. The paper also explores various fields of hydrogen usage and their current and future scope. Also it briefs the recovery of hydrogen from the PSA and its advantages INTRODUCTION Since the last 20 years, reducing...
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Abstract Observing mutant and normal alkaline phosphatase under varying pH conditions can be used to show the difference between the enzyme and to determine if they function at different pH optima. Patients with moderate kidney dysfunction may be experiencing a reduction in bone density due to the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase and this may be due to the mutation that...
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Food, substance consisting essentially of protein, carbohydrate, fat, and other nutrients used in the body of an organism to sustain growth and vital processes and to furnish energy. The absorption and utilisation of food by the body is fundamental to nutrition and is facilitated by digestion. Protein, highly complex substance that is present in all living organisms. Proteins are of...
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Electric or Hydrogen? Both sound like exemplary options, however, looks can be deceiving. Electric vehicles are vehicles that use electric motors as a source of propulsion, while hydrogen-powered vehicles use a fuel cell that uses hydrogen and oxygen molecules which react and form electricity. This electricity is used to run the electric motors. While both hydrogen and electric-powered cars have...
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Raw milk is an nutrient rich food product and also primary source of nutrient for infant but due to the industrialization and urban development the level of pollution is increasing day by day and it is also start contaminating are daily used food production and milk is also effected by the pollution of our surrounding environment. Rapid urbanization and industrial...
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Abstract When looking at Beetroots the effects of pH can be seen through the pigment of Betacyanin stored within the cell membrane by testing absorbance of the pigment released in a solution due to effects pH has on the permeability of the membrane. The solutions applied to the cells roots leads the cells to become disrupted causing an open membrane...
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Abstract Hydrogen energy has a great potential to become one of the clean energies of the future. The current use of hydrogen gas as an energy source still has problems, namely in the distribution and storage system. One solution to overcome these problems is to use the adsorption method. Zeolite material is considered to be a good material to be...
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Diffusion Theory or the Diffusion of Innovations, is a theory which breaks down the process of how people perceive, process and make decisions in regards to new information and products. Diffusion is defined as “the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system” (Rogers, 2010). The Diffusion Theory suggests...
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Intro If a long-term goal of the United States is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, one factor that must inevitably be worked on is the greenhouse gas emissions from cars burning gasoline. While it would be impractical to suggest that people stop using cars altogether, there are ways to create cars that would either drastically reduce or eliminate the emissions...
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While there are many names for the synthesized compound H2O2, the proper IUPAC name is Hydrogen Peroxide. It is called Hydrogen Peroxide because scientifically, the prefix “per” is used in inorganic acids when they have the highest amount of the element talked about in the base word. Hydrogen Peroxide is a colourless chemical compound made up of hydrogen and water....
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Abstract The experiment that was performed over two weeks served to examine how the amount of enzyme, amount of substrate, presence of inhibitor, or the magnitude of temperature changes the reaction rate between the enzyme and substrate present. The enzyme used in these experiments was peroxidase which was extracted from turnips and placed in flasks to be transferred into tubes...
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Abstract This paper introduces internet of things which connects the whole world through devices such as sensors, actuators and other embedded devices. Internet of things can be used in agriculture for efficient crop production. India is very much popular for crop production. As day by day the population increases, production of crops has to be increased. To produce more efficient...
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Introduction According to Giddings and Keller (2016), chromatography is a technique used to separate solutes from a mixture. It is widely used for separation and identification of biological compounds, or to analyse mixtures. An example of its use is separation of pigments from dyes. Identification of compounds is done by using retention factor values, simply known as Rf values. The...
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For a long time, there are many factors that destroy the aquatic environments. The environment and health effects has been going down lately, especially aquatic environments because of heavy metal toxicity. The freshwaters have always started off with low concentrations of heavy metals. Even though the toxicity is base concentrations in the water, some metals are essential to organisms. Talking...
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Introduction Spectrophotometer A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the transmittance or absorbance of a sample as a function of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation [1]. Hence, spectrophotometric methods are widely used to measure the concentration of a solute in a solution, and in this case, protein by determining its absorbance at 595nm [2]. A spectrophotometer consists of many parts....
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Pollution of chicken meat and its products by heavy metals is important for human diet in all over the world because they contribute to solve the global food problems and provide the well-known protein, fat, essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients and they also have a milder flavor which is more readily complemented with flavoring and sauces. Environmental...
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Canning salt, pickling salt, kosher sat, regular salt and Himalayan salt-- which is which? All the salt choices can be quite confusing. This article breaks it down for you so you know exactly which salt jar to reach for depending on your needs! One key ingredient in the process of pickling is salt. Does it matter what kind of salt...
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Is your baby getting more than just nutrients and immunities from your breast milk? Heavy metals are the base of so many unwanted conditions. According to WebMD, heavy metal poisoning is rare in the US, however they are all around us in relatively low doses. However, examples such as arsenic in our water or lead in our paint can make...
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Introduction In our IB biology class, we’ve learned about enzymatic reaction and we’ve done the experiment on that unit. The experiment was about the rate of enzymatic reaction of lactosemilk by using an enzyme called lactase at different temperatures. At different temperatures, the rate of reaction changed. I was interested in this topic because there were more factors, not only...
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Introduction An experiment was carried out to determine the pH status of beer and wine. Three different techniques to measure the samples status of acid or alkali were used; litmus paper, pH meter and titration. PH is a way of expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. PH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral...
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