This experimental study aims to determine whether the Symmetry Condition proposed by Battison (1978) is a general cognitive constraint or a language-specific constraint. The main hypothesis was that the Symmetry Condition, which constrains the forms of signs and gestures, is a non-linguistic constraint. To test the hypothesis, the researchers compared the degree of symmetry in balanced signs and co-speech representational gestures. Using t-test, the result shows no significant evidence that indicates differences in the degree of violation of the Symmetry...
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Introduction In a pan, corn kernels that do not pop into popcorn are dumped away. Without heat, none will pop. This heat is an allusion to intelligence , that is why a myriad of people work hard in the hope of improving their intelligence. To improve someone’s intelligence there are a sheer amount of things to do. However, bilingualism’s effect on intelligence is an important global debate, and it started since the 1920s (Antoniou, 2018) . To be able to...
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Abstract This essay aims to view the semiotic analysis in advertisements and critically analyze its impact. We will be critiquing two ads of Old Spice’s ‘The Man Your Man Could Smell Like’ campaign using semiotic analysis and then measuring the efficacy of the analysis. Through this exercise, we will see a semiotic analysis in action and recognize the drawbacks in utilizing the same as method of examining advertisements The representation of masculinity has come a long way from its rigid...
4 Pages
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Communication is an essential tool for the survival of many species, is used as a means to inform others of, and to receive information. There has been some fascinating research into animal communication. Karl Von Frisch in 1946 discovered that honeybees use a ‘waggle’ dance, to recruit less experienced bees within their colony to collect nectar and to indicate areas in which to find it, the dance corresponding to compass headings and flight paths (Riley, Greggers, Smith, Reynolds, & Menzel,...
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Dialect can be defined as a variety of a language that differs from others in its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation peculiar to a specific region or social group. It is widely accepted that standard dialects and accents are often rated more favourably than nonstandard varieties. As a result, The issue of addressing dialect discrimination has been a source of great debate. Trudgill summarises the different approaches to this (Trudgill, 2000). The solution suggested in the essay title of teaching everyone...
2 Pages
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External motivations are ‘contact-based’ motivations, Weinreich et al (1968) put great emphasis on the need to incorporate external factors into a theory of language change. Hickey (2010) states that while “internal change is that which occurs within a speech community, generally among monolingual speakers, external change is that which is induced by contact with speakers of another language [(or dialect)]” (p.7) commonly regarding bilingual speakers. Geographical and social isolation tends to promote linguistic conservatism (Bloomfield, 1933), whereas “open social networks,...
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Burger King is a subsidiary brand of Restaurant Brands International and the leading brand in RBI's revenue-based portfolio. In 2018, BK accounted for just over 67% of the total RBI revenue. Burger King was founded in 1954. It is the second largest hamburger nourishment brand in the world by number of operating restaurants worldwide. Burger King Restaurants operate in over 100 countries and territories in the United States. In recent years, Burger King has experienced steady revenue growth. This is...
2 Pages
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Philologists in the 17th to the 19th century worked out there was a connection between many European and northern Indian languages by comparing different languages and sound laws to find a common ancestor. For example, in figure 1, the word for 'father' is similar in English, Latin (Pater) and Sanskrit (Pitar). We can see that throughout figure 1, this pattern continues. Due to the consistent correspondence of the initial constants, it cannot be a coincidence; therefore, the three languages must...
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Speech and language therapy is recommended for anybody who has problems with their speech and/ or communication, perhaps due to a developmental or neurological disorder. Conditions which usually affect speech include developmental disorders like autism which can cause problems with social skills and the use of additional communicative techniques such as facial expressions and body language, leading to a lack of the ability to communicate their desires with others. Medical conditions such as strokes and cancers, particularly of the mouth...
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The purpose of this document is to provide a critical summary of Boroditsky (2001) paper on linguistic relativity, as well as provide an evaluation of the impacts of the paper’s findings. The paper is part of a mass of literature in psychology looking at evidence of language influencing thought, or how the speakers’ language structure affects cognition. In existing literature, this is also referred to as or the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis. The hypothesis has a strong (language determines thought) and weak...
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Language learning is a complex process which requires a thorough study. A lesson can be a complete failure if we don’t consider the possible blocks. When the desired result is not reached and the progress is unseen, it’s high time to weigh up the pros and cons of our pedagogic approaches. As educators, we need to do our best to minimise all the factors which may constrain the success of our students. A great number of blocks are subjective and...
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Language has profound effects on how a person perceives and process a piece of information. For learning purpose, it is indispensable to have the proper knowledge of the language in which one is pursuing a degree. Association of International Student Assimilation (AISA report, 2014) reported that most of the international students show poor academic results and low proficiency in English language is thought to be the biggest reason of their poor academic performance. It is considered that the international students...
2 Pages
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The topic of whether non-people can utilize language has been the subject of a lot of conversation from therapists and set up etymologists the same. One of the essential qualities of the human species is the capacity to make and use language abilities. In any case, the utilization of language in non-people has become a region of enthusiasm with the examination of language use by non-human primates having been expanded. Research has demonstrated a potential hypothesis that through on a...
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ABSTRACT Since the implementation of the decentralization policy in education management in 2001,many local governments (PEMDA) decide to teach English as' Local content' at the elementary school level (or even in kindergarten). This LG problematic because the implementation of this without coupled with special preparatory efforts English teacher to teach in elementary school. This article discusses the profiles of English teachers who are required by proposing five main requirements: understanding the nature of children; knowing how children learn; know how...
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Anthony Burgess’ ‘A Clockwork Orange’ is far from a pleasant novel, the dystopian black comedy takes aim at authority, youth subculture and stereotypes of maturity through a violent and satirical lens. Burgess’ 1962 novella is an experiment in subverting morals and conformity, and how much of that a reader is willing to stomach. Critics have decried ‘A Clockwork Orange’ as “building a cult of violence”, while Burgess claimed excessive violence has been a feature of literature since Shakespeare, and was...
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Blackberry Picking forms part of Seamus Heaney’s first published collection and it is dedicated to Philip Hobsbaum (Heaney, 1999). He was one of Heaney's tutors at Queen's University Belfast. The main theme of many of Heaney’s poems was growing up and he took inspiration from his childhood and nature. (Seamus Heaney, 2020). Blackberry Picking appears to explore the optimism of life, having hope and anticipation as children, followed by disappointment as you get older. Religious connotations appear in the poem,...
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Poetry is one of the most powerful forms of writing because it takes the English language, a language we believe we know, and transforms it. Suddenly the words do not sound the same or mean the same. The pattern of the sentences sounds new and melodious. It is truly another language exclusively for the writer and the reader. No poem can be read in the same way, because the words mean something different to each of us. For this reason,...
4 Pages
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An advertisement is a bridge that connects the two worlds between manufacturers and customers. According to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, an advertisement is a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service (3rd ed). According to the Advertising Association of the UK, advertising is any communication, usually paid-for, specifically intended to inform and/or influence one or more people. (Advertising Association of the UK). Advertisement can be political, business, or personal through different...
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If the principle is that all men are created equal, why is it that society favours when one gender is expected to conform to a certain stereotype, and the other gender is, in turn, expected to conform to another? Why is it that society continues to conform to these stereotypes, whether they be gender, race, culture, etc, while simultaneously striving for social freedom? The rights of women are diminished when the rights of men are threatened. In order to achieve...
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