Chromatography is used to distinguish various components from product mixtures. All types of chromatography have a stationary phase (a solid or a solid-based liquid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas). The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase. Distribution of analyte takes place through columns has stationary phase fixed into its internal surface area. The coloumn is...
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Developing Countries And Their Dilemma In today’s time, with ‘development’ comes ‘growth’ and with growth comes an increase in the numbers of motor vehicles leading to urban congestion and unhealthy air quality, in the United States, the motor vehicle emissions account for all the criteria pollutants except sulfur oxides. Talking about China, vehicle growth is projected to rise from about...
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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown diprotic or triprotic acid by performing a standard titration procedure. Standardized NaOH was used to titrate the unknown acid and the changes in pH and volumes were recorded. The molar mass (98.4g/mol), pKa (1.81), and Ka () were calculated. The overall findings resulted in the identification of...
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Chromatography is an important physical technique that is used for separation, identification, and purification of multi-component mixtures for qualitative and quantitative analysis (Coskun, 2016). There are many types of chromatographic systems such as liquid chromatography, which began in the late 1930s (Guiochon, Felinger, Shirazi and Katti, 2006), and gas chromatography, which was developed in the 1950s (Scott, 1995). A very...
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Introduction and Background information The aims of this experiment were to quantitatively analyse cranberry juice samples using the technique of spectrophotometry and also, to determine the percentage of pure, natural cranberry juice in a selection of cranberry juice drink products. Spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure the level of the chemical constitutes in a solution based on the absorption...
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Sustainability of good health depends upon purity of water. The toxic heavy metals presence in water bodies arises from the discharge of untreated effluents or dumping of solid waste containing heavy metal salts. Leaching of these heavy metals into water bodies causes various health hazards. Urbanization of rural areas has led to contamination of ground as well as surface water...
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Background Electricity is generated when coal is crushed into fine powder and burned in boilers to heat water and that in turn produces steam. The steam is directed onto blades of a turbine to make it spin. This in turn spins the magnetic rotor inside the coil to generate electricity. This process emits harmful gases and produces harmful bi-products that...
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In the present times, the world is developing at a fast rate as such we see the formations of organisations that take it upon themselves to participate in the overall development of the world. Because of the above mentioned fact, we find that there is a response to everything that happens regardless of whether the catalyst is good or bad....
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ABSTRACT Contact Glow Discharged Electrolysis (CGDE) is a plasma electrolysis methode has proved to treat organic wastewater effectively. The objective of this study was to investigate decolorization process of the textile dyes Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow FG and Remazol Brilliant Violet with an air injection using CGDE method. Air injection was increased a percentage of decolorization Remazol Red RR...
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Abstract The hair is symbol of beauty in both the genders of human beings. Long, healthy, voluminous hair have been referred as the beautiful woman may be Rapunzel of fairy land or Shakuntala from Indian epics. Various factors like nutrition, stress, sleep cycle, water quality, and environment and genetic affects the hair and the scalp quality. Uncared hair, use of...
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Introduction When boiling water, whether it be for pasta or some vegetables, it is always recommended to add salt into the water as the water begins to heat up to help speed up the boiling process. I will check to see whether or not this “cooking tradition” is effective or not, more specifically whether the salt actually affects the boiling...
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Fish, being a protein rich food, is often recommended for consumption by many dieticians. However, the effect of pollution of water reservoirs on the quality of nutrition provided by fish cannot be ignored. It was necessary to focus on toxic substance levels specifically heavy metals which have tendency to bio accumulate. This study investigates the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in...
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INTRODUCTION Gene is that the elementary physical and sensible unit of heredity. Genes square measure comprised of desoxyribonucleic acid. many genes move as pointers to create particles referred to as proteins. In any case, various qualities do not code for proteins. In people, qualities fluctuate in size from some of hundred desoxyribonucleic acid bases to in more than two million...
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INTRODUCTION: The Knoevenagel condensation is named after Emil Knoevenagel and is a modification of the aldol condensation[1, 2]. It is used for formation of carbon-carbon bond. The Knoevenagel condensation is an organic reaction used to convert an aldehyde or ketone and an activated methylene compound to olefins in the presence of weakly basic amine as a catalyst. However, if a...
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Abstract Rapid industrialization and urbanization in Chhattisgarh as well as in others states of India are responsible for accumulation of toxic metals in our daily life through waste water. Consumption of polluted drinking water over a long period of time causes many serious health issues in human beings. Adsorption is an environment friendly and economic tool for removal of toxic...
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INTRODUCTION Food analysis is a very important branch of analytical chemistry which provides data about chemical composition of food stuffs, contaminants and ensures safety of foods during import and exports. Many compounds which are found in nature, can be chiral which may have one or more chiral center and can exist as enantiomers. Enantiomers exhibits similar physico-chemical properties with assymetric...
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Introduction Refraction index is one of the most important intriguing concepts in physics. It demonstrates how light behaves in different mediums which is vital for thin film technology and fiber optics[footnoteRef:1]. As for this exploration, the change in refractive index of water due to salt concentration applies to archer fishers found in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean fishing...
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Abstract Heavy metals discharge from agricultural, domestic, industrial and municipal wastewater has become a serious threat for environment. During past couple of decades new class of adsorbents developed, has helped to overcome this threat. Due to their excellent potential in wastewater and industrial effluents treatment and distinct characteristics they have gained popularity. This review paper presents, nanoadsorbents used in removal...
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ABSTRACT Today modern world has heavily industrialized. The pollution that caused by the increasing amount of vehicle that dominates the transport system of any country in the world. So, It gives vehicular emissions heavily caused the atmosphere. An attempt made on this project is to design and fabricate a solar oxy- hydrogen vehicle to solve the above problem. Electrolysis of...
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Introduction Hard water ions are commonly present in most water reserves around the world. It is defined as water with the presence of large amounts of magnesium and calcium ions [1]. Hard water ions can be present in water to a certain extent and still be safe for consumption. These regulations are determined by the Environmental Protection Agency. Although there...
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ABSTRACT This report is concerned with the aim to measure the properties of the drilling mud (hydrogen ion concentration). The term pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity (concentration of hydrogen ions) in an aqueous solution (drilling mud in this case). In general, to proceed with this experiment, a range of equipment were used such...
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Introduction Stoichiometry is the section of chemistry that contains relationships between either reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to assist in determining the required quantitative data (Nijmeh 2008, p1). Stoichiometry is used by chemists to give a detailed explanation on how much of certain materials are required in order to make a certain number of given products (Kailasa 2005,...
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Saliva is a very important enzyme within the rima , It helps in maintaining properly oral health. secretion is ninety eight water ,it additionally consists of some electrolytes , mucus, additionally anti microorganism compounds and numerous enzymes secretion is secreates by the combined action of the 3 pairs of secretion glands: The salivary gland, the organ|submaxillary gland|submaxillary salivary gland|submandibular salivary...
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Abstract This is a research paper about producing a flammable gas that can be used in our home for cooking purpose through the electrolysis process. The need for it arouse due to increasing cost of LPG day by day. Earlier for cooking purpose wood, coal, cow dung cakes were used that affected the human health, in order to overcome this...
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Abstract Foodstuff pollution is a major concern now-a-days, especially in Bangladesh. Toxicity assessment of baby food is essential before providing to the children. The quantitative estimation of trace and major elements, their concentration of ten different milk powder samples collected from local market has been done. The total experimental works from sample preparation to spectrum data analysis have been done...
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Introduction My parents make orange juice every day, they inform me that is good for me since it contains vitamin C.Vitamin C which is scientifically called ascorbic acid, due to it being an acid, it can easily be oxidized in neutral or basic concentrations by dissolved oxygen, leading to a loss of two hydrogens, since it lost two electrons(“Vitamin C”)...
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Abstract The paper represents a smart gadget to avert the calamitous effects of pest bugs in the farming land and pH level in the water bodies. This device is able to generate different frequencies of ultrasonic waves which are very helpful to repel different types of insects. To reduce the cost spent on pesticides. The implementation of this device in...
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Chemical kinetics Kinetics of a chemical is a significant method in physical chemistry. The term kinetics means motion study. In chemical kinetics we study about the reaction. Temperature and concentrations are two variables that are affected by it. Formation and deformation of bonds and formation of products also describes by it. Explanation Chemical kinetics is also used to calculate many...
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Abstract Rapid industrialization , urbanization processes and poor management of industrial effluent has led to the incorporation of pollutants such as pesticides, petroleum products, acids and heavy metals in the natural resources like soil, water and air thus degrading not only the quality of the environment, but also affecting both plants and animals. Seed is a developmental stage that is...
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Soil salinity is a major constraint that adversely affects crop yields in many parts of the world. About one billion hectares of land is adversely affected by salinity worldwide, due to flooding and ocean surge, soil salinity increases by 10% annually (FAO, 1988). High sodium ion (Na+) concentration which is the major cause of salinity is toxic to the plant...
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