Research Ethanol is a compound with the formula, C2H5OH. Ethanol is a clear, colourless liquid, that boils at 78.8° Celsius and freezes at -114.1° Celsius. It is often just called ‘alcohol’. It is also a good solvent – it is able to dissolve many substances that are not soluble in water. It also evaporates quickly, much faster than water. Ethanol is used in wine, aftershave, deodorants and perfumes. Ethanol burns well in air, giving out heat: C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) →...
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Introduction Flavonoids are the naturally occurring compounds having multiple phenolic functionalities, found in plants. It was first discovered in 1930's when its isolation and extraction was done from oranges, they were known to have another vitamin which was referred to as Vitamin P. Later on they were named as flavonoids. Basically they consists of 15 carbon atoms arranged in such a way that they are comprised as 2 benzene rings, attached to a hetero-cyclic ring of pyrane or maybe a...
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What is green chemistry? Green chemistry is the intention of chemical products and the developments that are used to decrease and remove the creation of hazardous substances. Green chemistry should be applied in every part of the chemical’s life cycle from its creation and manufacture to its disposal (US EPA, 2019). Green chemistry begins at molecular level and applies to all sectors of chemistry. Through advances in chemical creations and scientific solutions it helps to counteract the production of pollution....
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Nowadays, many people are interested in whether chemistry should be taught at public in school. Because some people did not like to study chemistry, and school did not have enough money for students to learn it，therefore they think school should cancel chemistry classes. However, it is necessary for students to study chemistry. To begin with, chemistry explain the nature world. Furthermore, it prepares for people to get better jobs. Moreover, learning chemistry is result in better informed citizens of nature...
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Abstract Chemical weapons are specialized weapons to inflict death or harm on humans. For example, blister agents will burn a person’s mucous membranes, skin and eyes. Chemical weapons were used during war as it is deadly and stealthy. During world war 1,there was a colorless chemical weapon that makes the soldiers did not noticed that they have received a fatal dose. The chemical weapons have high potential to be used not only in war but in daily life as protection...
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Introduction In this research, it will discuss the role of chemicals to our human structure and function. It will be about the levels of chemical organization, chemical bonding, inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. This research should be able you to define the terms atom, element, molecule, and compound. It will describe the structure of an atom, compare the contrast ionic and covalent types of chemical compounds bonding. It will let you distinguish between organic and inorganic chemical compounds. It will...
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Green Chemistry is essentially chemistry that reduces or eliminates hazardous substances in its processes and products. It is more than cleaning up pollution or treating hazardous waste, it’s keeping the hazardous chemicals out of the environment and stopping pollution at its source. It is important because if we are to reverse climate change, we can’t just clean up pollution, we have to stop the pollution. There are many ways Green Chemistry is beneficial for our health and environment and many...
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The chemical building block (CBB) is a molecule which can be converted to various secondary chemicals and intermediates, and, in turn, into a broad range of different downstream uses. The organic building blocks assembly is an effective strategy to synthesize materials. Simple molecule structures such as tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is an universal and magical monomer that are widely used in the construction of high polymer materials and nonlinear optics materials. The simplicity of manufacture greatly promote their application in material industry...
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Introduction Analytical chemistry considers and employs a variety of equipment and methods in order to separate, identify and quantify matter. After the first flame tests in 1860, the importance of qualitative and quantitative analysis has been identified and major advancements have been made with many of the spectroscopic and spectrometric methods only being refined in the late 20th century. One of these methods includes the analytical technique ‘mass spectrometry’. Mass spectrometry assesses the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. Since mass spectrometry...
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Rationale Forensic chemistry is the application of chemistry, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting. A forensic chemist can assist in the identification of unknown materials and instruments found at a crime scene. Forensic Chemists have a wide array of methods used to identify unknown substances including High performance liquid chromatography (HPCL), gas chromatography (GC), atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thin layer chromatography. These different types of methods are important due to the critical nature of some instruments...
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Chemistry is everywhere, from the foods we eat, to the toothpaste we use, in our cars, medicine and in our own body naturally. Chemistry has a huge part in daily life and in things that you wouldn’t even think of; chemistry defines the very building blocks of all life. Chemical reactions happen all around us: Everything we eat, chemistry is both used in the making of the product and when we digest it, digestion relies on chemical reactions between the...
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Our human health and the global environment are threatened by the adverse effects of development in different field of science. Our bodies are contaminated with a large number of synthetic industrial chemicals, many of which are known to be toxic and carcinogenic while others remain untested for their health effects. They come to us from unlabeled products, chemically contaminated food, air, water. The United Nations General Assembly has addressed these challenges in its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have been...
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Abstract Rosaniline hydrochloride (RH) is a triaminotriphenyl methane dye, which is widely used as biological stain, mordant, printing, in cotton tannings, and dyeing in textile industry. The reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to RH and IO4-. The reaction is around hundred times faster in the presence of CTAB compared to aqueous medium under identical conditions. This is due to lower dielectric constant in micellar medium in which the transition state in more stabilized. The rate of the reaction...
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Nano chemistry is the aggregate of chemistry and nano science. Nano chemistry is connected with synthesis of constructing blocks that is based on dimensions, the face, the figure and the malfunction properties. Nano chemistry is existence used in chemical essences and physical, science as properly as engineering, organic and medical applications. Nano chemistry and different Nano science court have the identical core standards however the usages of their ideas are different. Nano chemicals is spent in a diversity of exercise...
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Chemistry is concerned with the complex arrangements and substances of which all of matter is made from. How these molecules react with other molecules and energy has given us our understanding of the universe as it is known. Therefore, I believe it is correct to view chemistry as a “central science”. Chemistry’s importance can be seen throughout most scientific disciplines. I have a particular interest in engineering, which chemistry finds itself intertwined with. Engineering would not be possible without a...
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Description of Case and Major Issues Humans used salt for thousands of years but known as a mineral around the 20th century. Salt had been used for thousands of applications worldwide, in the USA it was primarily used for highway dicing, and as an input into the chemicals, food-processing, water-treatment, and agricultural industries (Henderson et al., 2009). Compass Minerals International, Inc a public company and a leading producer of minerals, including salt, magnesium chloride, sulfate of potash, and other plant...
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Introduction Asthma is one of the most widely recognized heterogeneous respiratory infections and has become the fundamental explanation to visit the crisis office and admission to the medical clinic setting each year. It has been viewed as fourteenth most basic illness on the planet as far as span and degree of inability. The worldwide asthma report uncovered that 334 million individuals were influenced by the asthma all through the world, of 14% youngsters and 8.6% youthful grown-ups (matured 18-45). Moreover,...
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Functional Comparison Researchers, environmentalists, and vehicle owners, among others, are keen on knowing if EVs produce less GHG emissions or have smaller carbon footprint than ICEVs. Disclosure of relevant data by vehicle manufacturers to the public like the LCA models and standards adopted as well as methods of data collection and analysis is vital for comparison of the vehicles’ PCF. Many environmental reports, especially for those from manufacturers, emphasize the environmental impact of their products in the consumption phase, as...
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If you've been wondering about the difference between osmosis and diffusion for some time then you're in luck because today we're going to lift the lid on these two often confused words in an accessible manner that you'll be able to easily understand. In their base form, both words are actually direct opposites of one another. You'll soon understand precisely how and why when we delve into the exact definitions of each word in conjunction with providing you with a...
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Introduction Colloids are heterogenous biphasic system in which the colloidal particles are dispersed or suspended over another substance. The colloidal particles have the size ranging from 1 to 1000 nano meters, these colloidal particles are larger than solution but not large enough to settle out. Colloidal systems can be classified into 3 types namely lyophilic colloids, lyophobic colloids and association colloids.1 Lyophilic colloids are highly solvated and charge. They are known as hydrophilic colloids when water acts as their dispersing...
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The original experiment qualitatively examined the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This experiment occurred by measuring two concentrations (0.5M and 1M) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in both powder and solid form 10g of Calcium Carbonate affected the rate of reaction. The original experiment consisted of only one trial and two concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl). This led to the following research question being developed. Research question “Does increasing the concentration of 20mL Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) in increments...
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Rationale The main component of marble chips is calcium carbonate, CaCO3, which is an alkaline compound. With this property, marble chips are generally used as an acid neutralization material in many real-life applications, such as streams, lakes and soils where there is a certain level of acidity (Pol, 2020). When CaCO3 reacts with acid, for example hydrochloric acid (HCl), a salt (CaCl2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are formed: CaCO3(solid) + 2HCl(aqueous) CaCl2(aqueous) + H2O(liquid) + CO2(gas) (Equation...
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Large populations of humans tend to live near bodies of water. Because of these dense populations, water quality is an issue in these areas. Due to natural and anthropogenic changes, water quality can become poor (Duodu et. al). Contaminants negatively affect water quality from many sources such as disposal of liquid effluents, runoff carrying harmful chemicals that may be urban, industrial, or agricultural in origin, and atmospheric deposition. These contaminants will affect the sediments, which can cause an abundance of...
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Important metals are logically up essentials this is originate over the earth’s outside. Important metal litter is produced as a conclusion of equally normal and people like events comparable removal, founding, manufacturing invention, via of metals and metal comprising mixtures used for local and farming requests. Important metal present by environmental and anthropogenic sources in atmosphere. Environmental causes after volcanoes or surviving of pillars or sometime make in oceans. Anthropogenic sources which comes since manufacturing effluents, fuel combustion, melting process,...
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Introduction Diffusion is that the net movement of anything from an area of upper concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in concentration and the thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It measures the speed of transfer of warmth of structure from heated end to the cold end. thermal diffusivity gives a measure of how quickly the temperature will change when it's heated or...
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Chromatography is used to distinguish various components from product mixtures. All types of chromatography have a stationary phase (a solid or a solid-based liquid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas). The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase. Distribution of analyte takes place through columns has stationary phase fixed into its internal surface area. The coloumn is intended to permit two procedures to happen that will create the separation. Right off the bat, because of various forces...
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Developing Countries And Their Dilemma In today’s time, with ‘development’ comes ‘growth’ and with growth comes an increase in the numbers of motor vehicles leading to urban congestion and unhealthy air quality, in the United States, the motor vehicle emissions account for all the criteria pollutants except sulfur oxides. Talking about China, vehicle growth is projected to rise from about 30 million in 2005 to over 180 million by 2030, eventually, vehicles are becoming a principal cause of China's air...
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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown diprotic or triprotic acid by performing a standard titration procedure. Standardized NaOH was used to titrate the unknown acid and the changes in pH and volumes were recorded. The molar mass (98.4g/mol), pKa (1.81), and Ka () were calculated. The overall findings resulted in the identification of Maleic acid as the Unknown B in laboratory. Introduction A titration procedure is used to determine the identity of an...
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Chromatography is an important physical technique that is used for separation, identification, and purification of multi-component mixtures for qualitative and quantitative analysis (Coskun, 2016). There are many types of chromatographic systems such as liquid chromatography, which began in the late 1930s (Guiochon, Felinger, Shirazi and Katti, 2006), and gas chromatography, which was developed in the 1950s (Scott, 1995). A very important type of chromatography known as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has been developed as a logical improvement to overcome the...
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Introduction and Background information The aims of this experiment were to quantitatively analyse cranberry juice samples using the technique of spectrophotometry and also, to determine the percentage of pure, natural cranberry juice in a selection of cranberry juice drink products. Spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure the level of the chemical constitutes in a solution based on the absorption of light of a certain wavelength (UQ 2017). A spectrophotometer is an instrument that is used to measure the absorbance...
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