Have you ever been treated equal? Have you ever met ethical considerations and fair process? A view of recent research over thirty years ago, demonstrates that justice is the first virtue of social institutions describing the nature of transaction costs and their consequences for institutional governance. This elevates decision-making procedure, provides equity and develops acceptance of rules and decisions that depart from individual or group self-interest. The basic problem that has to be solved via social cooperation is that everyone...
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Authority gives the right to power, but for power to be used right it must be used in conjunction with justice. One of the main causes for injustice is prejudice. Within the book To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee in 1960, justice is an important theme in which Scout addresses uncomfortable truths about inequality and injustice within her community. She discovers that while the courts can be a likely source of justice, there are countless other ways to...
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Justice is a theme present in most in Greek Literature, to punish oneâs actions or words that are considered wrong or to uphold ideals seen as good. Justice is used to instil that wrongs in society are stopped, and rights will be upheld. Revenge is the act of committing a harmful action towards a person or a group in response to a grievance however in many cases revenge can be seen as justice. While Medea and Antigone are alike in...
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Both texts âTo Kill A Mockingbirdâ and âJasper Jonesâ communicate the importance of justice and the relationship it has on the two different children in the two different texts. Though these two texts are completely different being a book and a film, there are still many themes shared between the two. Both different texts describe with major detail the different changes in the perspectives of children that has occurred through the result of growing up and having to mature. Both...
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Revenge is a significant theme in most Greek tragedies as it is perceived as a means of justice by the victimized protagonists. In Euripidesâ âMedeaâ (431 BC), revenge takes centre stage as it is foregrounded in an appallingly visible manner in the multiple murders committed by the eponymous female protagonist, Medea. This essay aims to present an argument on (i) the significance and construction of revenge in Greek drama, (ii) the motive for Medeaâs revenge and, (iii) whether her acts...
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It is important for victims to have a voice. It is part of the victims healing phase. However, I do not believe there should be continued contact past the controlled environment. Victims have the right to confront their aggressor and express their emotions towards the offender. These programs work to give victims a sense of closure. I donât necessarily believe that this program gives the offender the same type of closure because for the offender this is where they need...
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The Victorian Age was a period of remarkable development, growth and change for England. Dramatic changes happened in all spheres: economy, culture, trade, science and particularly literature. Due to the advancement of printing press and the increase of literacy, there was a boost in the literary culture. Among other genres, the English novel is the form that flourished the most in this period. With many novels being published, certainly a few have been irreplaceable and have resisted time, ââWuthering Heightsââ...
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In order to locate literature on the subject of the success of restorative justice, books, journal articles, as well as governmental and organisational websites were reviewed. The research identified three main aspects of restorative justice to consider which are: the application of restorative justice, the impact of restorative justice and finally the effectiveness of restorative justice. These sub-topics are addressed and analysed in terms of relevance to the research question. The Criminal Justice system has the overwhelming task of dealing...
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While other developed nations are trying to reduce the levels of imprisonment, United States of America has focused much on penal sanctions on a variety of offences touching on adults. In 1970s, when American politicians realized that rehabilitative programs could not work, they persuaded American people that there was need to use tough methods for adult offenders. So from that time up to date United States prisons population has tremendously increased. Juvenile justice system has received mixed reactions from different...
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Populist politics and criminal justice policy-making refers to the influence public opinion and fear of crime has on politicians and policy. Moral panics and punctuated equilibrium emerging in the 1970s allowed populist politics to become dominant in society; influencing criminal justice policy making as politicians focussed on what was popular in the media, with moral panics causing the dominance of fear of crime within society leading to policy rupture and political parties toughing it out to get the most votes...
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I want to focus my project on global distributive justice and the issues of the current pandemic, concentrating specifically on vaccine distribution and health services. I aim to demonstrate that a global effort is vital. Since the world is so interconnected because of globalisation, and the pandemic is global and affects all, it is important to find a vaccine on a global scale to ensure that everyone can access it, regardless of their resources. COVID-19 highlights how the world is...
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Introduction What is restorative justice? Restorative justice is the process to involve those who have a stake in a specific offence and to collectively identify and address harms, needs and obligation, in order to put things as right as possible (Howard Zehr) It brings those who have been harmed by crime and conflict into communication with those responsible for the harm, in order to repair the harm in a positive way. The program aims to get offenders to understand their...
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It is important to understand that restorative justice may not be beneficial from a victimâs perspective as it is a complexed issue. Not every individual that has been victimised is the same, there are various types of victims and offenders. They differ from race, ethnicity, gender, religion, age, levels of education, sexual orientation, maturity along with others. These different factors between individual victim(s) and individual offender(s) are rendered problematic concerning the interaction between the individuals, which is what adds to...
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In a traditional approach to school discipline, the enquiry is one of blame and punishment. This retributive approach, initially described as a âquick fixâ, does not provide significant evidence that this tactic leads to the required change of behaviour (Blum, McNeeley & Rinehart, 2002). A restorative approach, on the other hand, is focused on helping to realize the impact of someoneâs action and repairing the harm. It encompasses understanding that the harm has been done and work with those involved...
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Restorative Justice (RJ) is a relatively young discipline in the Criminal Justice system, aiming to enable a safe communication between victims of crimes and offenders. Evidence suggests that restorative interventions have been successful in serious and complex offences, and now a significant amount of work is focusing on the use of restorative approaches to support young offenders to provide opportunity to make amends for their actions and to reduce reoffending rates. The elegant definition of Restorative Justice The main aim...
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Social justice has been part of the discussion within Scottish Parliament since it was established in 1999 with one of the first policy programmes focusing on social justice (âSocial Justice: A Scotland Where Everyone Matters -Scottish Executive, 1999). Social justice is concerned with socially marginalised groups and how society responds to this. Inclusion is educationâs response to social justice and social justice can only be achieved through inclusive schools and teachers (Dyson, 1999). A key feature of social justice is...
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Revenge in romantic relationships typically has negative consequences and is considered immoral, but it can also be considered beneficial. Revenge can cause unexpected and unintentional consequences that can be destructive in a relationship, but it can also be constructive and help regulate a relationship. It can encourage empathy and avoid future offences by showing the consequences of when one partner is vengeful. This study intends to analyze the costs and benefits of revenge in romantic relationships. The participants were assigned...
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Introduction Restorative justice is an approach to justice that has its focus on a wide range of human emotions such as healing, mediation, compassion, forgiveness and reconciliation. According to Jim Consedine, (1997; 184) it is an approach that focuses on three key components; the offenders, the victim and the community on the needs of the victim. The purpose is to repair the damage caused by the offender by providing a process of dialogue between the offenders, the victims, their families...
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Outline: Introduction of current statutes of the immigration issue in Europe Different perspectives of justice on the immigration problem Conclusion with personal review and opinion on the immigration issue The immigration issue is a recent issue that brings complicated situations to European countries. Although the EU and European countries are committed to improving European the immigration issue, the future situation is still not clear and guided. With both economic immigration and the arriving asylum immigrants, different European countries face their...
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Introduction This report will aim to find a suitable sentence for Mr S by looking at different sentences such as community sentencing and restorative justice to see which would be more appropriate to help rehabilitate Mr S into society and prevent potential future offences. Restorative Justice The aim of Restorative Justice is to get the offender and victim to meet and address the harm and trauma that has been caused to a victim to attempt to repair the victims harm...
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1. Introduction On the 20th of November 2019, Nigerian cyberspace was abuzz with the video of what appeared to be two young people having sex[footnoteRef:1]. The video itself began with the propping of the smartphone used to film by the male partner with what appeared to be the full consent of the female partner. [1: Michael, Isaac. âTwitter Users React To Leaked Sex Tape Of Babcock Students.â Informationng.com https://www.informationng.com/2019/11/twitter-users-react-to-leaked-sex-tape-of-babcock-students.html (accessed December 23, 2019)] A slew of reactions trailed the video,...
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In this paper I will be discussing three key issues within the criminal justice profession which pertain to white collar crimes. The issues which will include: money laundering, racketeering and fraud. I will address the key points regarding these issues, create a time line from earlier crimes to crimes today as well as identify and describe multicultural and diversity issues. I will explain how members of society are aware of the duties and responsibilities within the criminal justice system. Explain...
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Sandel, M. J. (2015). Justice: Whatâs the right thing to do? New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Introduction: Harvard professor Michael J. Sandelâs âJustice: Whatâs the Right Thing to Do?â second half follows the same formula as the first half.After exposing readers to three philosophies regarding the term justice, Sandel moves from introducing readers to the contemporary philosophies of Bentham, Nozick, and Kant to the ideals of John Rawls and Aristotle. In the last half of the book, Sandel explores...
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1. Introduction:- The law of crimes has been known to us through all ages of civilization. It is in fact as old as our civilization. Whenever men and women formed into an organized society, the need for a criminal law has always been felt. In primitive society, there was no organization in society. They lived in the nature. Self preservation is the first instinct of nature. Thus they only knew how to protect themselves, i.e., self protection. Later on it...
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Introduction The mob justice report in a South African community, which was local news, became international. This is due to its broadcast on the internet through Youtube, which is made accessible worldwide. However, the report also raised some questions about its accuracy, and it has some implications on journalism. I argue that the media coverage of the mob justice was poor and it did not represent the news accurately. In this essay, I will be talking about the poor reporting...
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The study of William Shakespeareâs The Merchant of Venice (1605) (Merchant) has illuminated the notion that individualistic desires lead not to the human experience of self-betterment, but instead on the experience of fragmented identity and relationships. Inspired by his Elizabethan context, Shakespeare challenges the âimpartialâ justice system by revealing the resulting experiences of discrimination. Furthermore, Merchant explores how materialism paradoxically leads to a loss of wealth and genuine relationships. In response to Merchant, the audience comes to understand the anomaly...
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Restorative practice brings those affected by conflict or crime into communication. This enables everyoneâs involved in a situation to play a part in repairing the harm and finding a positive way forward. Nonviolent communicationis an important element towards evaluation when observing. When mixing evaluation with observation we decrease the likelihood that the others will listen to the intended message. Non-violent communication (NVC) guides us to reframe how we express one another and to listen to others. Our words become more...
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Utilitarianism is the right action is the one that brings about the most overall happiness. This basically means a person makes a decision based on what he or she will have the most positive outcome. One should be an agent for their own happiness. Many decisions people do daily are for selfish reasons anyway. Right actions are the ones that produce good according to Utilitarianism. There are three ideas that attack Utilitarianism which is justice, rights, and backward thinking. McCloskey...
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Introduction West (2018) describes ethics as someoneâs moral principles of good or bad behaviour where itâs not based on consequences of these actions. Another view of ethics involves having a sense of duty to do the right thing as a company and for others (Hoover and Pepper, 2015). Tax avoidance is understood as deliberately sidestepping taxes to lower the tax paid to governments, this method is legal but not predicted by the government involved (www.ibe.org, 2013). There are questions around...
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Health Care Discuss what is meant by advocacy and how the communication strategies used in your chosen scenario either support or present a barrier to the concept of advocacy being utilized. âCritically review a range of communication strategies that can enable the development of therapeutic relationships This assignment will discuss the concept of advocacy and its importance and relevance to developing therapeutic relationships in health care. It will discuss barriers to effective communication and how these can be an obstacle...
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