Glaukon and Adeimantus, both of Plato's siblings, decided to investigate the superiority of justice. The second book of the Republic begins with Glaucon's competitiveness against the righteousness of Socrates. Glavko said that the multitude is usually limited and unwise and that justice is not the shell. Instead, justice is important (evaluated for useful issues). Glaukon talked about 'Gigov's bond' and showed justice at all fourth dimensions. Adeimantus has intensified the contestation of Glaucoman and said that the Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by...
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The island of Utopia as recounted by ship captain Raphael Hythloday is to a great degree neither realistically obtainable nor desirable. Sir Thomas More, the author of Utopia, was a firsthand witness to the many changes made in England under the rule of King Henry VII during the sixteenth century. Horrified by all of the greed infecting all of Europe, More begins the literary construction of an ideal society where wealth is seen as a symbol of selfishness, not success....
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In Plato's dialogue Phaedo, the title character recounts the events of the day Socrates drank the hemlock ending his life. The dialogue is mainly about the immortality of the soul. In this essay, we will explore the three arguments for the immortality of the soul, Simmias' and Cebes' objections, and their respective responses from Socrates. Phaedo himself states that Plato was not in the prison cell during the events described, so this might be a hint to us that Plato...
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Classical Greece generated a variety of philosophical schools of thought, including the sophists and the physical, that influenced each other to some degree. The most famous to come from Classical Greece was Socrates and his dialectic approach to the question of the nature of things. Comparatively, Socrates is the most similar to the sophists because, in likeness to a sophist, he often stumps and humiliates the person who he is conversing with and does not seek the truth despite claiming...
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In today’s world, the idea of totalitarianism and the mechanisms by which it is achieved seemed to many a bygone concept of 20th-century regimes that have been long since dismantled. However, a new wave of totalitarian movements has been steadily rising from the ashes, and I believe it’s important to examine what makes them dangerous. They utilize many of the tools such as propaganda and militarism that allowed the Nazi party of Germany and the Communist party of the USSR...
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Just as the Spanish flu is accredited for introducing a hand-washing basin into our bedroom, leading to the creation of the vanity room, the Covid pandemic is likely to influence home design. So how should this recent pandemic change the way we design residential buildings and on a wider scale, our cities? Division of space In her book The Human Condition, the philosopher Hannah Arendt theorized in 1958 on a model for Western Modern Culture. Using the ancient Greek society...
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In the film ‘Inception’, Dom Cobb is an extractor who has the ability to enter into people’s dreams and get information from them. He is given a job to implant an idea inside the mind of Robert Fischer and so he gathers a team to help him design an elaborate plan to complete the task. Along the way, the team ventures deep into the dream world and face the risk of falling into limbo, a dream realm where the line...
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Are you living, or merely just existing? Are you truly happy deep down or are you simply content with your existence? Are you flourishing in life or are you wallowing in monotony? One of the greatest influencers to western philosophy, and considered to be, perhaps the greatest philosophical, political, and ethical thinkers of all time linked all of those ideas of truly living, happiness, and flourishing together into a concept known as eudaimonia. What really is eudaimonia, and how does...
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Socrates is a greek philosopher and he once said that 'An unexamined life is not worth living'. It means that we must examine our lives and we must choose a good life for ourselves through self-awareness thus it's worth living. He also said that 'Knowledge is a virtue'. It means that to know something is to do something and knowing what is good is to do what is good. We must be aware to do the right or good thing....
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What is a ‘good life’? The idea of a ‘good life’ varies and is argued as everyone has their own beliefs on what is the best use of their life and how that will contribute to it being a good life. Not only this but different upbringings and religions influence the way we perceive goodness and success in life. Buddhism: What is Buddhism? Buddhists believe that human life consists of suffering and that the practice of meditation, spiritual and physical...
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A Discussion Between Socrates and Hume on Personal Identity and Moral Agency On a quiet Sunday afternoon, Socrates and Hume meet at a coffee shop in a small town, well away from the hectic big city. They explore the philosophical topics of personal identity and moral agency and find their philosophies differ greatly. Hume leans back in his chair and considers his guest. “What are your thoughts on the subject of personal identity, Socrates?” Socrates sets down his cup of...
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I believe that Plato`s Theory of Forms is incoherent and contradicts itself in places. There is also no compelling evidence of the Realm of the One exists. I will argue my point below in a balanced argument. Plato`s Theory of Forms consists of the idea that there are two realms The Realm of the One and the Realm of the Many. He believed that the perfect forms, which are the perfect version of things we see and can touch, are...
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Plato’s ‘Nature of Justice: A Critical Analysis This essay is a culmination of personal opinions along with reference to several other works on a similar topic all of which have been cited duly. Abstract There are several takes on the nature and theories of justice. However, Plato in his Republic provides some very famous arguments for what justice means and what it is to be a just individual living in a just state. He has criticized the already existing theories...
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Marx vs. Tocqueville: Solution to Alienation and Individualism Both Marx and Tocqueville have theorized about community, as well as the implications of the absence of community. The two sociologists have come up with solutions to gain community in order to avoid the opposite, in Marx’s case: alienation, and in Tocqueville’s case: individualism. When looking at both theorists, an important question arises: which solution would be more effective, in order to gain community? In this paper, I will argue that in...
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Kim Jung Un as a Modern Day Prince: Policy of American Government towards North Korea In Machiavelli’s “The Qualities of a Prince” he analyzes and creates the supposed perfect formula that makes up a proper prince. These range from military duties, praise and blame, generosity and miserliness, cruelty and mercy, and the concept of being despised or hated as a leader. His writing depicts a ruler similar to what we would consider today a tyrannical rule. Though it may not...
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Philosophical Fragments, written under the pseudonym 'Johannes Climacus,' is an important component of his philosophical and theological explication, explaining the conceptual distinction between Greek and religious philosophy. Soren Kierkegaard used Johannes Climacus to explain his ideas about how the concept of self fits into faith's vast eternity. In Philosophical Fragments, he starts with Greek Platonic philosophy, delving into the ramifications of moving beyond the Socratic knowledge of truth received via recall to the Christian experience of truth received through grace....
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As we know, in his early work on The Concept of Irony, Sren Kierkegaard examined the subject of irony in depth. Many of the issues raised in this work, such as defining the subject of cognition and subjective self-knowledge, will be addressed in Kierkegaard's following works. References to George W. F. Hegel's thesis also distinguishes this early work. Kierkegaard contrasts irony as an 'attitude' and 'pure' irony as a 'thought object.' Pure irony, according to Kierkegaard, is similar to romantic...
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Developmental Republicanism: Does It Have a Place in Policy Making of Today American Government Time is something of a nuisance when it comes to policy-making. In an ever-changing world where there are advancements in all aspects of life, are we still expected to use old laws, or do we passively follow the policies made by people who lived in completely different circumstances? It is a question that is worth asking given that if policies were openly changed, the validity of...
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There are very distinct opinions between philosophers John Locke, an English philosopher, and David Hume, a Scottish empiricist and skeptic philosopher when it comes down to the topic of personal identity. Both, Locke and Hume, give many reasons for their beliefs, which help support their positions. While both provide their reasonings for their beliefs, one does seem to be a bit more convincing in their argument than the other. It is important to understand both philosophers’ points of view regarding...
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Why are Machiavelli’s ideas in The Prince often described as a ‘handbook for tyrants’? Are they compatible with his republican views in the Discourses on Livy? Machiavelli was born in Florence in the year 1469. At this point Italy was not a unified state, Florence was a city state and a republic. Machiavelli was not from a noble rich family, still he worked his way up and by 1498 age 29 he became the Second Chancellor of the Florentine Republic....
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'Religion is the opium of the individuals.' In setting, the articulation is a portion of Marx's structural-functionalist contention that religion was developed by individuals to calm instability over their part within the universe and in society. The establishment of skeptical feedback is: Man makes religion, religion does not make the man. Religion is, undoubtedly, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not however won through to himself, or has as of now misplaced himself once more. But man...
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Compare and contrast Thomas Hobbes's and John Locke`s state of nature. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English political philosopher who wrote in the 17th century and was compelled to flee to France for eight years as a result of the dominance of civil war at the time. John Locke (1632-1704), on the other hand, was an English political philosopher and physician who was regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of the modern period. Hobbes and Locke utilized the state...
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Every person wants a happy and good life. We do things for able to achieve life and to make us contented and happy. By studying or working hard, we attain our goals for ourselves and for our loved ones. We do certain things because we want to achieve a life that will make us happy and content. People's definitions of the good life may vary and differ in particular. However, we recognize universal truths that cut across our differences. Some...
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With the movement of time, the major idea of opportunity or freedom has changed hugely. In old occasions, freedom was considered as the autonomy from the mistreatment of a degenerate or unjustifiable ruler. In any case, with the triumph of the majority rules system, the job of ruler changed from ruler to the hireling of the country and subsequently, society transformed into the one thing everybody required freedom from. For example, the minorities in a general public consistently get their...
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Karl Marx and Max Weber are two men who spent their lives trying to make their dream society a reality. Both of these important sociological contributors were raised in bourgeoise households where they took every opportunity to expand their knowledge, but despite this similarity between them, they were still two very different people. Max Weber felt that society was built on understanding and he believed in the ‘ideal type’. On the other hand, Karl Marx believed society was dominated by...
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What does liberty mean, and what it’s like to be a liberal. The word ‘liberal’ originated from the Latin dictionary and it means free. Our nation’s First Amendment in the Constitution of the United States of America and in the Bill of Rights, is freedom of speech and in the First Amendment American citizens have the freedom to choose what religion they wish to practice, they have the freedom to speak their opinion without fear, and the press have their...
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Karl Marx formed a theory called the conflict theory where he believed that there was a conflict between the ruling class (bourgeois) and the working class (proletariat) in relation to the issuing of wealth and labor in society. In his analysis Karl Marx spoked on capitalism has being the main reason for inequality in society between the two social classes. “Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by...
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Choose either Plato or Aristotle and one other thinker from those discussed in class (with the exception of Machiavelli). Compare and contrast the political philosophies of the thinkers chosen so as to discuss key concepts of political theory including democracy, equality and rights including the (civil) right to protest and to disobedience. It is interesting to see the views and opinions of different philosophers who lived in different time period when it comes to the subject of political theory. These...
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Introduction: The Economic Titans - Adam Smith and Karl Marx Only a few people in our history can be credited to have radically transformed the functioning of societies and systems. Among them are Scottish philosopher, Adam Smith and German revolutionary, Karl Marx. In 1776, Smith published his magnum opus entitled “An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations”. His publication aimed to revolutionise the economy and provide both, the rich and the common man, with a...
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Sociology is the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships. Sociologists study society and social behavior by examining the groups, cultures, organizations, social institutions, and processes that develop when people interact and work together. One historical famous sociologist was Karl Marx, he contributed to the studies of sociology. I will discuss who Karl Marx was, his birth location and nurtured, educational background, sociological contributions, and I will assess his work and ideas for my audience to be informative of...
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