Nature is said to be beautiful if Education is self-explanatory, self-operating, and self-directing. Education can only be self-explanatory if it’s Naturally centered. Therefore, this essay will explain the theory of Naturalism and its implications for Zambian Education. In other words, it will explain Naturalism and how relevant are its principles to Zambian Education. Naturalism holds that the universe requires no supernatural cause or government for it to exist. Thus, the Naturalist Rousseau (1989) explained Naturalism as the theory that regards...
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Kane argues through the libertarian theory that free will is incompatible with determinism. He attempts to solve the problem of free will through his theory of ultimate responsibility (UR), which requires both will-setting actions and plurality conditions, entailing free will (FW) and alternate possibilities (AP). UR premises that âin order to be ultimately responsible for an action, an agent must be responsible for anything that is a sufficient reason, cause, or motive for the actions occurringâ(Kane). He furthers the legitimacy...
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Determinism is an idea in philosophy proceeding free will and is used to define human behaviors. This idea, like many others in philosophy, is based on what can be proven. Determinism states that all actions are identified by earlier occurring causes. The two main features of determinism are hard determinism and soft determinism. These theories of determinism have varied between philosophers throughout history. The main challenge of this theory comes from the theory of indeterminism. Indeterminism is unlike the other...
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Archaeology is the study of the artifacts and remains of humans from all around the world. This study is carried out by methods including surveying sites, excavations and classifying of artifacts found. Through these methods, a sense of cultural identity can be found. However, Colonialism in Africa and Nationalism in the Middle East obscure the true cultural identity of the native inhabitants of countries such as Zimbabwe and Israel. This essay will define colonialism in relation to the example of...
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Purpose of Report: The aim of this report is to investigate how different aspects of sociology are involved in the way society functions and determine how these approaches and theories work in different areas of society. This report also aims to show the distinct differences between the functionalist theory and the social interactionalism theory as well as the describing qualitative data and showing examples of the methods used to extract information. Additionally, this report will give in-depth descriptions of the...
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The structural-functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It is based largely on the works of Emile Durkheim as well as Herbert Spencer. It has been given various, but similar definitions by many sociological scholars. Generally, it sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society. Functionalism can also be defined as a framework for building theory that sees society...
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Introduction Every day things happen to us; sometimes good, sometimes bad. This is something weâve come to know and experience in our daily lives. The question, however, is not whether things happen to us, but rather how they happen and what causes them. This question has been on the minds of philosophers for a while now and no matter how much weâd like one solid answer to the question, there are a number of theories and philosophies that attempt to...
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Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss the extent to which aspects of human nature are reflected and out to be reflected in the concept of Natural Law theory. Natural Law is the name given to a set of theories in which there is a belief that there is a set of values, moral or otherwise, which must always be reflected in the law and to which law must conform. This essay will briefly focus on the history...
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Transcendentalism, the idea of being yourself, ridding yourself of your materialistic values, acknowledging your uniqueness, and doing things on your own, not letting others do it for you. Transcendentalism was practiced during the 18th century and their ideas are still being practiced to this day. The changes in society and advancement in technology have given birth to a need for transcendentalism because of our dependence on technology to do things for us. The ideas that the transcendentalists believed in about...
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National identity is a sense of a nation and its people as a connected whole from an internal and external perspective (internal, as the people of that nation see themselves, and external, as the rest of the world views the people of that nation), which has developed over time. The development of âidentityâ is something very important, which means that every human being is trying to find out the answer to who they are or where they belong to in...
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There are several important factors that influence the world to be a more peaceful and caring place for both humans and non-humans alike. This is an important point by several influential figures throughout history, notably Gandhi, who argues we should cherish and respect all life forms, not just humans (Davey, 2016). This essay will discuss the ways in which a more peaceful and caring world can be created, considering the importance of human rights, the promotion of nonviolence, the reformation...
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Nationalist Identity politics in Russia Introduction: In this report, Russian nationalist identity politics will be examined through the use of findings and discussion. Below a list of results from extensive research will be listed, then followed by a brief discussion on how Putin uses Russian Nationalism to assert dominance and control over the west. Firstly though, a brief overview. Relations between the west and Russia are at their worst since the Cold war, yet Nationalism is on the rise with...
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âConscience Hath a Thousand Several Tonguesâ âMorality â like velocity â is relative. The determination of it depends on what the objects around you are doing. All one can do is measure oneâs position in relation to them; never can one measure oneâs velocity or morality in terms of absolutes.â This quotation by novelist David Gerrold highlights the inherent nature of morality as being relative. Moral relativism â the notion that morality persists with respect to cultural circumstances, societal paradigms...
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There are pieces of art that are forgotten, others simple to understand, but there are pieces that remain alive and are still creating dilemmas; this masterpiece is well known throughout the world, and although it was created 1503-05 it remains as one of the most visited pieces of art and one of the greatest of all times. This is the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci. This masterpiece is one of the most fascinating pieces in the world, and also...
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To be human is to be both heroic and deeply flawed, self-sacrificing and selfish, competitive and giving. For the Greeks, the human body laid bare the divinity of beauty. The ancient Greek view of humanity is emphasized by the human body. Greek artists highlighted physical beauty and athleticism in their works. The Greeks see physical beauty as godly and divine. Ancient Greek art stands out among that other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the...
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In this post-colonial world, we live in, an old philosophy such as Individualism can still be used by scholars of philosophy and social sciences to interpret the world. The ideology of individualism denotes that the individual life has a place with him and that he has a basic idea to live it as he sees fit, to follow up on their own judgment, to keep and utilize the result of his exertion, and to seek after the estimations based on...
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Frida Kahlo, born in 1907, was a Mexican artist famous for her self portraits. She explored themes of post-colonialism, race, identity and class in the twentieth century Mexican society. Although often described as a surrealist, she rejected this title, declaring, âI never painted dreams. I painted my own reality.â Her paintings not only reflected the hardships she endured throughout her career, but also her strong political ideology. Kahloâs husband Diego Riveraâs mural style frequently depicted revolutionary fighters and peasants, whereas...
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As the 21st century has come into focus we are confronted by extortionate doubt. We are facing the 6th anthropic cycle of existence and we are living on a planet in genuine environmental peril. At the Inhuman conference in 2016 feminist philosopher, Rosi Braidotti feverishly problematized what it means to be âhumanâ. Braidotti conceives we are now at a Posthuman Convergence – of Posthumanism ( the critique of âManâ) and Post anthropocentrism (critique of Anthropos). Her concern is that in...
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In the Bhagvad-Gita, the author implies that enlightenment is gained through teachings whereas in the Siddhartha it is implied through one’s own experiences. Siddhartha spends most of his life doing things that most everyone tends to do, living by the ways and rules of society. He abides by all the foundations, makes a way to perform the rituals and does what is expected of him by all the individuals of his village and his father but remains unhappy. Day after...
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Renaissance Humanism In the history of the world, many remarkable events have taken place that has led to a turnaround in the thoughts and general lives of the people. One of such period is renaissance humanism. Renaissance Humanism is the study of ancient Greek and Roman texts with the goal of promoting new norms and values in society. (Writers, 2019) Humanism was an optimistic philosophy that saw man as a rational and sentient being, which has the ability to think...
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Did Renaissance Change Manâs View of Man? Did the Renaissance change manâs view of man? This question is debatable. There are so many points to prove the differences and similarities in theories like astronomy to medicine and humanism. The Renaissance, French for ârebirth,â was a period that started near 1350 A.D. after the Middle Ages when people started having more looks that focused on the man itself and not only God or listening to everything the Bible said. This led...
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Existentialism is a frequent motif throughout Ralph Ellisonâs Invisible Man. The author characterizes this motif and its characteristics through the unnamed protagonist life experiences and his relationships with society and thus its consequences. In the collection of essays âShadow and Actâ (1964), Ellison was already centered on most of the important questions he used in his writings: identity and self-creation. Ellison already showed his interest in finding and determines the nature of individualism, the past and the present and the...
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Metaphysics, according to Merriam-Webster, is the part of the philosophy that is concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being. Personal identity is one of the main topics covered by the study of metaphysics. Personal identity is associated with the theme of the One and the Many and with a paradox: the individual remains the same despite their changes over time. The rationale for this paradox is the big challenge faced by metaphysics. Several philosophers tried to define personal...
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Johnathan Swift is known as the greatest satiric writer in all of English literary history. Born m, without a father and his mom abandoning him to return to England, he was raised by his relatives. Swiftâs childhood was impaired with Meniere’s disease which caused vertigo, nausea, and hearing loss. In 1688, Swift migrated to Leicester, England, after the Glorious Revolution struck Dublin where he was attending Trinity College. In England, he worked as a secretary for Sir William Temple, a...
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Candide is one of the most acclaimed works by Voltaire composed during the Age of Enlightenment. These days it intrigues the perusers with its significant infiltration into the human world with every one of its shades of malice, disadvantages, deception and brutality. The unforgiving incongruity and mockery of the creator alongside extreme pundits towards the current social and strict standards made Candide the most brilliant case of Kantâs Enlightenment. According, to Candide by Voltaire, he portrays the change of the...
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Introduction. Zambian humanism, a socialist ideology, was developed by Kenneth Kaunda, an independent Zambia`s first president. It was made the national philosophy and ideology of Zambia in April 1967. The ideology was composed of a combination of many elements which did not always fit together into an organic whole. Among them include African traditions, socialism, radical Christianity, existential humanism, and Kaunda`s personal convictions (Kaunda,1966). Kaunda`s motivation for proposing this ideology appears to have been the desire to break free from...
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The Posthuman As the 21st century has come into focus we are confronted with extortionate doubt. We are facing the 6th anthropic cycle of existence on a planet in genuine environmental peril. At the Inhuman conference in 2016 feminist philosopher, Rosi Braidotti feverishly problematized what it means to be âhumanâ in the face of âcognitive capitalism. Braidotti conceives we are now at a Posthuman Convergence – of Posthumanism (the critique of âManâ) and Post anthropocentrism (critique of Anthropos). Her concern...
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Q. Whose perspectives and objectives are evident within the assigned documents and what do they demonstrate about the nature of humanism in Renaissance Italy? Civic humanism is the advanced term for the ethical, social and political way of thinking that over the span of the fourteenth and fifteenth hundred of years started to be verbalized in Italian city-states and most quiet in Florence. Many historians gave her perspective on Civic humanism. It stands as a bridge between modernity and the...
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The human condition has always been defined as the characteristics and situations which compose the essentials of human existence. Whilst some of these connotations have been reshaped in the modern age, guilt remains present and is a crucial characteristic of the human condition. A Simple Plan by Raimi and Macbeth by Shakespeare enhance the understanding of the human condition by challenging moral frameworks through context, showing the essential pertinency of how guilt causes a tragic downfall. Guilt is objectified in...
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The Gandhian strategy is the combination of truth, sacrifice, non-violence, selfless service, and cooperation. According to Gandhi, one should be brave and not a coward. He should present his views, suggestions, and thoughts without being violent. One should fight a war with the weapons of truth and nonviolence. Gandhi said that âThere is no god higher than truth.â According to Gandhiâs thoughts, non-violence is the ultimate solution to every kind of problem in the world. In the present scenario, Satyagraha...
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