Biotechnology is an area of biology that uses biomolecular and cellular processes that occur in living organisms or biological systems to create products and develop technological applications. There are four main areas of applications: health care, food and nutrients processing, agriculture, environmental uses (Pandey, et al., 2008). In this essay I would like to focus on microbial biotechnology and it’s...
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Biotechnology is defined as using living organisms or their elements to create useful products for human benefits or to solve a problem. Historical examples of biotechnology are: fermentation, selective breeding, and the use of antibiotics. Modern examples of biotechnology consist of: Recombinant DNA technology and the Human Genome Project. There are about seven different applications involving biotechnology, but the one...
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Soil salinity is a major constraint that adversely affects crop yields in many parts of the world. About one billion hectares of land is adversely affected by salinity worldwide, due to flooding and ocean surge, soil salinity increases by 10% annually (FAO, 1988). High sodium ion (Na+) concentration which is the major cause of salinity is toxic to the plant...
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Abstract Beneficial effect of plants in treatment of diabetes is well-known in traditional medicine and confirmed in numerous scientific studies. The basic platform for testing potential antidiabetic activity of traditionally known plants and their bioactive compounds are experiments in vitro. These assays usually measured enzyme inhibitory activity such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase controlling starch breakdown and other aspects connected with...
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Programmed Cell Death Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death. Apoptosis recently is not considered as the only cell death pathway since various cell death pathways are discovered. More accurately programmed cell death is defined as cell death that is dependent on genetically encoded signals or activities within the dying cell. Therefore, the designation programmed refers to the fixed pathway...
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Introduction Biotechnology is commonly characterized as use of living frameworks based on innovations to create business procedures and aimed to enhance the quality of human life. By using this “technology” the business or biological procedures can be improved, modified, for developing an effective pharmaceuticals, bioenergy, disease-resistant and high-yield crops as well as animals, and microbes for remediation in an efficient,...
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ABSTRACT Most fungi are saprophytic and not pathogenic to plants, animals and humans. However, a relative few fungal species are phytopathogenic, cause disease (e.g., infections, allergies) in man, and produce toxins that affect plants, animals and humans. Among such fungi are members of the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera as well as other genera (e.g., Alternaria, Mucor) comprising the emerging pathogen...
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An Overview Selection is frequency dependent when the fitness of a phenotype, genotype, or gene (or species) varies with its relative abundance in the population (or community) and hence can be detected only when measured at two or more frequencies. In “negative frequency-dependent selection,” fitness decreases with frequency and thus rare genotypes or species could be maintained at a stable...
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Biotechnology is a continuously evolving science that is affecting mankind’s day to day life. The extraordinary revolution in biotechnology has created new possibilities for curing diseases and manipulating our genetic heritage (Shahin Akhondzadeh, 2014). This essay aims to discuss the dependence of biotechnology and the ethical and social issues raised from it. Malaria, a parasite infection of red blood cells...
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Abstract The diseases of plants caused by viruses are always in main concern for researchers because they reduced the yield and quality of food grains or horticultural products like fruits, vegetables and flowers which will leads a major economic loss of agricultural stakeholders. Presently there is no direct control strategy for viral infection in plants. Advancement in technology leads a...
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Biotechnologically transformed bodies have been and continues to proliferate in dystopian literature. Situated in the spectrum of fear and excitement, Divergent and Oryx and Crake expose the inextricable connection between biopower and biotechnology. The negotiation between ethics and technological advancement leads to a complicated situation where the historical definition of ‘human’ is at stake. Both novels portray the age of...
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Subject Introduction The extravagance of life on earth which is called as the Biodiversity, is a basic component which shows the wellbeing of the biological systems on the Planet (Salazar J, 2010 ) Every species in the environment, regardless of how little or how huge, every one of them have their very own specialties and thus it upgrades the environment...
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Abstract Cancer is a frightful disease and represents one of the biggest health-care issues for the human race and demands a proactive strategy for cure. Exploration of natural product containing anticancer agent provide a promising line for research on cancer. Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera) is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. Several...
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Abstract In recent times there has been a great increase in the number of chronic lung diseases and lungs being one of the vital soft tissue organs of the body need transplantation or excision of the damaged tissue1,2. Though recent medical advances and transplantation procedures have saved numerous lives their efficiency to provide a better life outcome are suboptimal. Stem...
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Tiesa is an erect tree growing to a height of 15 to 20 meters. Its leaves are alternative, smooth, dark green, elliptic to narrow-obovate with entire margins. The flowers are greenish white, arranged in axillary clusters. Pedicels are long. Fruit is extremely variable in size and form, oval, subglobose, pear-shaped or spindle-shaped, with or without an pointed apex or curved...
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Opinion Since the ancient times and till now, flowers have been considered as a significant entity and nature’s gift. Flowers imparted several key roles in art, religion, health and ornamental arena. Like other recent innovative studies, exploring human microbiota especially the gut microbiome the plant microbiota or plant microbiome has also gained a grained vision to unfold the hidden mysteries...
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Abstract We investigate whether a protein found in tardigrades called Damage suppressor, or Dsup, can help cells restart stalled replication forks in human cells. Tardigrades compose a phylum of microscopic animals known for their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions, and experiments have shown that Dsup prevents damage from accumulating in DNA (Hashimoto et al. 2016). Excessive stalled replication forks...
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Abstract Silver/Chitosan nanodispersion (Ag/CS) prepared by gamma ray was used to modify the thin-film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The silver nitrate solutions were added to the chitosan solution with different concentrations of 5 to 20 (wt/wt %) and exposed to gamma radiation at different irradiation doses. The size of the silver/chitosan nanodispersion is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)....
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INTRODUCTION Plant disease is a dynamic process which affects the normal physiology and vital functions of plants. There are many factors which influence the disease development. Effect of host plant nutrition is one of the major factors among them. Host plant nutrition means the nutrition state of an organism .nutrition plays an inevitable role in the growth and development of...
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It is without a doubt that biotechnology has deep roots within agriculture that go back 1000s of years. The carrots we eat today weren’t always orange nor were they nearly as soft as we know them to be, the characteristics we recognize today were the result of selective breeding. Agricultural biotechnology put simply is the use of living organisms and...
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Agricultural technique has been discovered and has been around since the beginning of human civilization. The techniques developed over time, and humans endlessly put effort in making better agricultural products. In over a decade, agricultural biotechnology has grown rapidly. Agricultural biotechnology improves plants, animals and micro-organisms with the collection of scientific techniques developed by scientists. These techniques involve around the...
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Abstract This review article to determine the activation of telomerase enzyme on neuron cells and how it is used as therapeutic target to treat aging of neurons on disease condition, animal models experimental and case studies such as activate telomerase enzyme to preserve telomere gene length, preventing telomere shortening on age related disease especially in aging of neurons which impacting...
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ABSTRACT In the present study, GRAS microorganisms were used for the treatment of polluted river water. GRAS microorganisms are those microorganisms which are Generally Referred As Safe for humans. Bioremediation is one of the method to treat contaminated water, soil and air with the help of live microorganisms. Total four microorganisms were isolated from different water and cow dung samples...
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Yeast is one of the eukaryote cane be defined as unicellular fungi.Yeast is commonly used in biotechnology with successful applications due to its highly advantages features such as proper posttranslational modification, fast growth, simple genetic manipulation, high biomass concentration and safe pathogen-free production[1, 2].They involve production of several fermentation output such as alcohol, fermented milk and condiments, detailed in figure...
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Abstract Resources in Indonesia are very large, especially sources that are food. One of the abundant resources in Indonesia is its fisheries resources, therefore the food must be processed in such a way as to have good quality and quality. Good quality and quality can help increase economic value and nutritional value in the community. There are many ways that...
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ABSTRACT Research held on month July 2012 in laboratory Technology Results Fisheries Industry Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Engineering and analyzed at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papain enzyme against chemical characteristics of the resulting...
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Microorganisms are extremely minute lifeforms which are omnipresent. These lifeforms exist in the most varied habitats of the world. Soil, water, excreta, etc are some of the richest sources of microorganisms especially of a wide variety of bacteria. A number of microbiological techniques are employed for the isolation and characterization of bacteria. Bacteria can be allowed to grow and multiply...
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Meat has always been an important part of our diet since it is a rich source of animal proteins. Due to the strong increase of the global population there is a strong increase in the demand for meat. As a result this will cause a strong growth in the livestock sector to keep up with the demand. Although need is...
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Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in most of the developing countries of the world. Studies indicate that around 60 percent of the world’s population is dependent on it for survival. Increased agricultural production can also significantly boost the economic development of a country. However, achieving desired levels of productivity is a challenge as it is influenced by various...
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„Invisible helpers”, that’s how we can call trillions of microscopic organisms, too small to be seen by the human eye, living in our organism. In fact, our own cells do not make even a half of the overall number of cells forming our bodies. We are huge ecosystems and home for variety of microbes, such as bacteria, archaea, protists, viruses...
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