INTRO As our day progresses, our moods and behaviors change depending on the environment that we are in. In some cases our moods are even affected by the time of day it is, for at one time of day we are at our happiest, and others we are the complete opposite. The thing about moods in that they are able to fluctuate very easily, with a simple emotion or comment they can be changed for both the better and the...
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Summary Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide with myocardial infarction being the frontrunner for morbidity and mortality. Although medical and surgical treatments currently can significantly improve patient outcomes there exists no treatment that can generate new cardiac tissue or reverse the damage caused by cardiovascular disease. With new research being available that challenges the idea that myocytes are incapable of regeneration, a new avenue of treatment presents itself this being cell therapy. Increasing evidence is showing that...
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Introduction Viruses are considered as extremely successful predators as they can replicate and control the host cell synthesizing machinery. Viruses have coevolved with their hosts and thus have limited pathogenicity in any immunocompromised natural host. Viruses can exist in two forms: Extra cellular virion particles Intracellular genomes. Virions are more resistant to physical stress than genomes but are susceptible to humoral immune control. Nevertheless, to exist as a species, virus replication and transfer to a new host are essential. Virus...
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Introduction This report will be discussing eczema in children, specifically causes and treatment of eczema. According to James McIntosh (2017) eczema is defined as a condition where the skin becomes inflamed, flaky and red causing the child to be itchy and can sometimes result in bleeding. The main aim of this report is to determine whether eczema can affect a child’s life in terms of sleeping patterns, sleep quality and sleep deprivation, and the effects these will have on the...
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A warmup is essential as it prepares a dancer’s body for physical activity. As well as preparing muscles and joints for dance, there are also other benefits which help to ensure the safe practice of dance. An effective warmup will prepare the body and mind for the coordination and strength needed for complex, technical movements. Also, by doing a warmup the risk of injury is greatly minimised, and muscle relaxation and contraction is encouraged in the body. A successful warmup...
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Before the 1990s, FVIII was obtained from whole blood donations (Figure 1), then transfused into haemophilia patients. Blood transfusions began in 1818 when James Blundell, an English physician, performed a human-to-human blood transfusion. Although the patient subsequently died, Blundell was committed to achieving a successful blood transfusion. Throughout the early 1800s, he experimented with a series of patients, of which, over half survived. This remarkable achievement may have been due to luck, as no scientific understanding relating to blood groups...
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Introduction Organs and structures in the respiratory system are very important for life because they make it possible for gases that are needed for cellular processes to move between cells. Carbon dioxide, a waste result of metabolism, is pushed out of the body by this complex system. Oxygen from the air we breathe is efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream. The respiratory system is made up of the nose, throat, esophagus, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Its structure is carefully planned...
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This essay will be explaining the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of three conditions which effect the respiratory system, these are asthma, cystic fibrosis and tuberculosis. It will also be discussing how lung carcinoma and emphysema relate lifestyle to conditions and how they affect the respiratory system. Asthma is a respiratory disorder that is associated with erratic contraction (abnormal tightening) of the bronchial smooth muscle, also known as a bronchospasm. Asthma causes shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing and a tightness...
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Lower respiratory infections include pneumonia (infection of the lung alveoli), as well as infections affecting the airways such as acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, influenza and whooping cough. They are a leading cause of illness and death in children and adults across the world (European Lung Foundation). History of disease Lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. A relatively small percentage of these infections come to the attention of the surgical pathologist because most are...
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The respiratory framework also have a function of protection by defense mechanisms of this system,the defense of the respiratory tract against breathed in particles and gases includes the coordination of numerous complex physiological, biochemical and immunological procedures that collaborate straightforwardly with the properties of breathed in materials.The different guard mechanisms are integrated to provide local degradation and detoxication just as mechanical end of both exogenous substances and the results of pathological processes from the airways.Befor any defense framework works, breathed...
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The respiratory system is divided into two tracts. The upper respiratory tract consists of the paranasal sinuses, the nasal cavity, the pharynx, and the epiglottis. The paranasal sinuses are lined with mucous membranes that warm, humidify, and filter the air. The epiglottis seals off the airway during swallowing. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli. Mucous membranes line the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles and form the mucociliary escalator. The mucociliary escalator prevents...
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Living in this ever-evolving world of ours was never an easy task for any of us. Things gradually change over time and even consistency of routines and activities we perform every day doesn’t give us assurance that things will do stay as they are. Thinking we do not hold or even have a grasp of what is about to happen, it sure it a scary thing; but despite being clueless of tomorrow, we can live in the very moment of...
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Abstract Hypertension is a serious health problemoriginates from a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors.Environmental factors are overweight/obesity, bad diet, high dietary sodium, stress, lack of physical activity, smokingand alcohol consumption. Higher degree of BP control can be achieved by providing a care source, maximum adherence, and minimizing therapeutic lethargy. The targeted technique to be followed includes many interventions to raise the awareness among people, provide the right treatment, and control for individuals. Team-base care system is the latest...
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Introduction Longevity is determined by an effective cross-talk between deleterious processes that act on an organism over its lifetime and the physiological responses that promote effective homeostasis (Ponnappan and Ponnappan, 2011). Age‐related changes of the immune system play a role in the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to infectious diseases, vaccination failures, including the potential onset and/or progression of autoimmunity and neoplasia (Weiskopf et al., 2009). Immune senescence affects various cell types in the bone marrow and the thymus, mature...
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Homeostasis is essential for the human body to regulate and function properly. By achieving appropriate homeostasis levels, the kidneys can differentiate which fluids and how much of each fluid humans should consume. Hormones like Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and Aldosterone each affect osmolarity homeostasis by regulating the kidneys. In order to examine the role of the kidneys in homeostasis, we conducted an experiment to find the highest amount of urine voided after the consumption of a variety...
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Our Nervous System Our nervous system is our body’s electrical wiring. It consists of complex nerves and neurons which carry messages throughout the different parts of our body (Mandal MD, 2019). What are the Parts of Your Nervous System? Our nervous system consists of two parts. One is the central nervous system, which includes our brain and spinal cord. The other is the peripheral nervous system which includes our nerves that are connected to our central nervous system, our sensory...
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While our sleeping habits have fallen behind in priority as a result of our fast-paced lifestyles, humanity must learn to hold adequate sleep to utmost importance in order to maintain peak physical and mental well-being, and to avoid the disastrous effects of deprivation. As the complexity of the sleep process is often overlooked, appreciating sleep means understanding the intricate biological workings behind it. The need for sleep is controlled by the body’s drive for homeostasis, making it just as important...
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INTODUCTION TO PAIN The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as a highly unpleasant physical and emotional experience related to actual or potential tissue injury (Kumar and Elavasari, 2016). Pain is very subjective and specific to every individual person. Nurses are invited by McCaffery and Beebe (1989) to recognise that ‘pain is what the patient says it is’ providing they are able to express or verbalise this. Pain is a distressing experience that affects everybody at...
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Pain can be defined as an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience that is generally linked to damaged tissue (IASP, 1994). This feeling of pain occurs when a signal originating at a receptor travels through nerve fibres to the brain for interpretation. The nervous system may also elicit a physical reaction to attempt to prevent further tissue damage. The most common form of pain is that which arises from damaged tissue (nociceptive pain), however it can also be caused by damage...
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Homeostasis is the self-regulatory system within human body and it also exists in animals’ body as well. It aims on maintaining the internal condition within one’s body, according to Betts et al (2017). Homeostasis is particularly significant in one’s body, as the failure of the homeostasis in one’s body might cause different kinds of disease, for example diabetes in human. According to the NHS (2019) the cause of diabetes is due to the insulin in the pancreas fail to regulate...
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Sleep is defined as unconsciousness from which the person can be aroused by sensory or other stimuli. It is to be distinguished from coma, which is unconsciousness from which the person cannot be aroused. There are multiple stages of sleep, from very light sleep to very deep sleep; sleep researchers also divide sleep into two entirely different types of sleep that have different qualities, as follows. the cortical activation necessary to maintain wakefulness is supported by an extensive network of...
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This essay will aim to examine disability as a social problem within society. Disability, defined by the Equality Act 2010, is when a person has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term negative effect on your ability to do normal daily activities (Gov UK, 2010). This essay will also discuss the changing ways in which the state has responded to disability as a problem and how policies and laws have been implemented in the 19th...
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The management of hypertension in patients can improve their overall health and reduce the risk of other comorbidities that can arise from being untreated, especially those newly diagnosed. Orem's theory poses the concept of self-care and the abilities that patients have to improve their self-care. An individual’s ability to perform self-care is defined as the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being. This can include the use of self-blood...
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Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, as many people still their lives to deaths from CVDs than from any other cause. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths. Out of these deaths, 85% are due to heart attack and stroke. Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure is a global public health issue. It attributes to the burden of heart disease, stroke and kidney...
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Introduction Miller and Katz (2002) defined inclusion as: “.. a sense of belonging: feeling respected, valued for who you are; feeling a level of supportive energy and commitment from others so that you can do your best.” It is about respecting each individual/person, giving them equal access to services and supports and removing discrimination and other barriers in order for a person to reach their full potential.. Inclusion of people with disabilities into day to day activities includes practices and...
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NERVOUS SYSTEM This is a collection of nerves and specialized cells called neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. This system transmits information by nerve impulses conducted from one area of the body to another. The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body including internal organs therefore controlling the ability to move, breathe, see and think and more. The nervous system is made of two main parts i. Central nervous system...
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Hypertension is a very dangerous condition, and it is because of the heart problems that it can cause a person. “Hypertension is a disease whose chief characteristic is high blood pressure. High blood pressure occurs when the blood being pumped from your heart, pushes too hard against the walls of your veins” (Jenkins 2). Mainly it is very detrimental when a child has high blood pressure, when they have this heart disease it can affect them more in their adult...
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A basic property of the resistant framework is its capacity to intercede self-protection with a negligible measure of inadvertent blow-back to the host. The framework utilizes a few distinct instruments to accomplish this objective, which is, on the whole, alluded to as the 'procedure of immunological resistance.' This article gives an early on verifiable review to these different systems, which are examined in more prominent detail all through this accumulation, and afterward quickly portrays what happens when this procedure comes...
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A phlebotomist is a valued member of a health care team and plays an important role. They are responsible for collecting, processing, and transporting blood specimens to the laboratory. A phlebotomist is skilled in the art of venipuncture which the puncture of a vein with the intention of drawing blood is carried out. A phlebotomist obtains blood samples, there are 3 ways blood can be taken by a phlebotomist which are venepuncture, drawing blood from a vein, capillary puncture, obtaining...
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According to The State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales (NSW State Archives and Records 2008), information is the primary organizational asset needed now and in the future, and good record-keeping can help people find the information they need. It can also help to promote information sharing and collaboration. If the information is accessible and trustworthy, it can be used to make more informed decisions and take appropriate action. Since health care is considered professional, caregivers need to...
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