One may go on a hike or a walk while surrounded by nature, while also being in solitude. The Transcendentalism movement began in the 1820s when people began to believe nature can free our minds and allow us to connect with our inner spirits. This idea is still believed today, and used by many as a way to relax or...
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Aims and Objective: The aim and objective of this research is to study self-actualization as a coping mechanism to deal with the post-colonial identity crisis in the poetry of African poets like Ben Okri, and Langston Hughes. With Post-colonialism comes an age of ambiguity, a battle between appropriation and abrogation concerning assimilation into the now-foreign scene. The chaos in the...
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In Dubious Battle, man’s submissiveness to the group contrasts with how Thoreau wants man to be free. In Thoreau’s Walking, walking is a process where you free yourself from society and discover the inner meanings of oneself. Thoreau believes that “horses and steers have to be broken” and that men “have some wild oats still left to sow before they...
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Introduction Readers may find that the way Dickinson wrote is very similar to the way that we text messages - the lines are short, broken, and sometimes as if they haven’t been organized well. The words are also quite clear and straightforward; the paradoxical language she used may make us confused, but it is also to some extent similar to...
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Walden, written by Henry David Thoreau, introduction and annotations by Bill McKibben, follows the life and observations of Thoreau as he lived apart from civilization for two years and two months near Concord, Massachusetts. During this time, he encounters many different individuals who assist him in forming his ideas of life and society. Thoreau argues that by living a life...
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Early writing by the Puritans in America was usually in first-person narrative in the form of journals and diaries. Early American colonists wrote in these journals and diaries constantly, so that people who came generations after them would tell these stories that they wrote. Puritans were amongst the first settlers and they were probably the most religious people in America...
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Nature initially defines the universe as composed of two essential components: 'Nature and the Soul.' Interestingly, [Emerson] forges on briefly in the singular and the plural, suggesting that 'all is not separate from us, all which Philosophy distinguishes as the NOT ME, that is, both nature and art, all other men and my own body, must be ranked under this...
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While only from 1830 to 1860, the literary movement, Transcendentalism, continued to have a profound impact on American culture. Transcendentalism was founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson, who is best known for his essay, Self-Reliance. In his essay, Self-Reliance, Emerson states: “Society everywhere is in a conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members.” He makes a strong statement...
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Utilitarianism, a consequentialist ethical theory, asserts that the moral worth of an action is determined by its ability to produce the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people. However, within the framework of Utilitarianism, there exist variations known as extreme and restricted Utilitarianism. These variations differ in their approach to maximizing utility and addressing moral...
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Introduction Utilitarianism, an influential ethical theory, emphasizes the maximization of overall happiness as the basis for determining the moral rightness or wrongness of actions. Developed by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, R.M. Hare, and Peter Singer, Utilitarianism has gained prominence for its consequentialist approach to ethics. Definition and Core Principles Utilitarianism posits that the consequences of actions,...
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Introduction Naturalism in literature is characterized by a focus on depicting the harsh realities of life, often emphasizing determinism and the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior. John Steinbeck's novel, "Of Mice and Men," exemplifies naturalistic elements through its portrayal of characters, settings, and themes. Steinbeck's own experiences as a migrant worker during the Great Depression contribute to...
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Introduction In the field of nursing ethics, two prominent ethical theories often come into play: deontology and utilitarianism. While both aim to guide ethical decision-making, they approach moral dilemmas from different perspectives. This essay will compare and contrast deontology and utilitarianism in the context of nursing ethics, highlighting their key principles and applications. Deontology in Nursing Deontology is an ethical...
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Introduction Euthanasia, the deliberate act of ending another's life, often in cases of extreme suffering and with the individual's consent, remains one of the most contentious ethical dilemmas in modern society. Ethical theories such as Kantianism and Utilitarianism offer contrasting perspectives on the moral permissibility of euthanasia. While Utilitarianism justifies euthanasia based on its consequences in maximizing overall happiness, Kantianism...
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Introduction Utilitarianism, as an ethical theory, traditionally focuses on maximizing overall happiness or pleasure. However, within the realm of Utilitarian thought, there exists a variant known as qualitative Utilitarianism, which emphasizes the quality rather than the quantity of happiness. This essay delves into the principles and implications of qualitative Utilitarianism. Understanding Qualitative Utilitarianism Qualitative Utilitarianism diverges from classical Utilitarianism by...
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Introduction In the realm of ethics, two prominent perspectives emerge: utilitarianism and moral relativism. Utilitarianism, founded on the principle of maximizing overall happiness, provides an objective framework for ethical decision-making. In contrast, moral relativism asserts that morality is context-dependent, varying among individuals and cultures. This essay aims to compare and contrast these two perspectives to elucidate their differences and implications...
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Introduction Utilitarianism and libertarianism stand as two distinct ethical theories, each offering a unique perspective on moral decision-making and societal organization. While utilitarianism prioritizes the maximization of overall happiness, libertarianism emphasizes the protection of individual rights and limited government intervention. This essay aims to delve into the fundamental differences between these ideologies and their implications for ethical reasoning and social...
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Introduction Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that posits the maximization of utility as the basis for moral decision-making. In the context of abortion, utilitarianism weighs the consequences of terminating a pregnancy against the potential benefits to determine the ethical course of action. This essay explores the utilitarian perspective on abortion, highlighting the ethical considerations and implications involved. Abortion: Definition and...
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Utilitarianism, as an ethical theory, falls under the broader category of consequentialism. Consequentialism posits that the morality of an action is determined solely by its consequences, rather than any inherent qualities of the action itself. Within this framework, utilitarianism stands out as a prominent and influential approach to ethical decision-making. This essay explores utilitarianism as a form of consequentialism, examining...
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Introduction Utilitarianism stands as a moral framework grounded in the pursuit of the greatest happiness and utility. This essay aims to delve into the various traits and characteristics inherent in Utilitarianism, shedding light on its complexities and nuances. By focusing on key contributors such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, we can explore the diverse perspectives within Utilitarianism and...
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Introduction Utilitarianism and deontology are two prominent ethical theories that guide decision-making in various contexts. Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing good outcomes, while deontology emphasizes moral rules and duties. This essay argues that deontology provides a stronger platform for critical decision-making in society due to its emphasis on moral principles and human dignity. Utilitarianism: Pursuit of Good Outcomes Utilitarianism, founded by...
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Moral philosophy serves as a guiding light in navigating the complexities of ethical decision-making, offering us insights into how we should approach moral dilemmas. Within this realm, utilitarianism and Kantianism emerge as two prominent ethical frameworks, each with distinct principles and applications. In this essay, we will delve into the key principles, differences, applications, and implications of utilitarianism and Kantianism,...
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The basis of Enlightenment thinker Thomas Paine’s arguments in Common Sense is the independence of America from British rule. His first argument has to do with the monarchical rule and the choice of Kings being based on hereditary succession. Paine thought it was wrong that the rulers of the British inherited their power rather than gaining it by being chosen...
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In looking at the philosophical ideas of Newton, Locke and Descartes, one could argue that the Enlightenment did lead to significant changes in how people thought about the world, due to innovations, new ideas, and new ways of thinking which led to the rejection of beliefs in superstition and pessimism and acceptance of rationale, experimentation, and progress, leading by experience...
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Staring out from the page, his perfectly proportioned, toned body emanates the perfection of God’s image: man. Leonardo da Vinci’s The Vitruvian Man (1490) epitomized Renaissance Humanism and the rejection of the Gothic tradition of placing man in the shadows of God, positioning the white, able-bodied, European man at the centre of the universe, at the center of God’s universe....
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What was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement in Europe that occurred throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The Enlightenment arrived at a time of history when countries were governed by monarchs. There were many kings throughout Europe. These kings allied themselves with the Catholic Church to govern the citizens. The king told their citizens that...
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John Locke was known to be one of the most influential philosophers of the Enlightenment Era, and earned the title of the “Father of Liberalism”. Within his work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, a foundational work during the Enlightenment, Locke’s epistemological narrative reflects the claim that we, as humans, are not in the position to know, or discover, more than...
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The Enlightenment was a cultural movement stemming from philosophical paradigm shifts concerning changes in both cultural and socio-political dogmas, distinguished by the early modern European era. The culture of Enlightenment portrayed a radical break with the origins of Europe’s past due to the drastic change from a religious-driven world to a scientific basis, with the growth in the humanist movement....
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During the late 1700s, France and Haiti were in constant revolution. The revolutions began because of Enlightenment ideas created by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Rousseau. They vouched for the rights of the people and it sprouted new radical ideas in France and Haiti leading to revolution. However, the outcomes of the two revolutions would lead to different paths....
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Throughout history, art has been heavily influenced by sociopolitical and cultural events which have transpired within society. These events have had a notable influence on the genre and characteristics of art produced. For instance, the emphasis on religious subjects during the medieval era; was used to inspire pious living through religious indoctrination. During the Enlightenment, as scientific discoveries and inventions...
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Numerous people have made scientific discoveries and inventions that have had a lasting impact on the world. Without these contributions, the world could have never progressed into what it has become today. Society tends to take for granted the technological and medical advances that are available in today's modern world. While it can be said that every scientist's contributions helped...
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