Chinese philosopher Confucius explored what is needed to achieve happiness and sustain it. He believed that happiness is largely down to the individuals’ moral innocence and place within society rather than the individuals desires. Confucius looks at multiple ways to develop good character throughout our lives by increasing our place in society and thus increasing our happiness. One element Confucian’s believe in to be happy is to invest in friendships and the idea of ‘Jen’, which means feeling concerned for...
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Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) multi-store model illustrates the three components involved in memory; where sensory information enters memory (sensory register), where information is processed (short-term memory), and where rehearsed information is held indefinitely (long-term store). As there is an immense amount of sensory information at a given time, only attended to information goes to the short-term memory. The rest is rapidly forgotten. However, with Jonathan disrupting the class, he is taking majority of the attention away from the teacher. This...
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Analysis of behavioural response to substance is a critical point of discussion when formulating a assertion around addiction/substance use disorders. The diagnosis manual, referred to in psychiatry is used to define the different psychiatric diagnoses that are presented within societal groups which is commonly known as the DSM. Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease alluding to strong genetic, neurodevelopmental and social components that offer a debate towards classification of a personal lifestyle choice or a biological...
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A mental health disorder characterised by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. Possible causes include a combination of biological, psychological and social sources of distress. Increasingly, research suggests that these factors may cause changes in brain function, including altered activity of certain neural circuits in the brain. The persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characterises major depression can lead to a range of behavioural and physical symptoms. It...
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Introduction According to Britannica a feral child is a child that has grown up, accidentally or intentionally, with limited human contact. But just because these children grew up with little to no human contact; it doesn't mean that they are any less human. For example, Victor of Aveyron, a twelve year old boy who was found completely naked looking for something to eat. When he was first found, he was mute, he couldn't perceive human contact, and often exploded into...
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I have interest in psychologist theory of psychological feature development as a results of varied schemas to plug learning and development throughout the stages. This can be achieved by giving children several exposure to the surface world. Being exposed to a diffusion of learning-by-doing experiences from a young age may facilitate build up those internal index cards. Then, as we have a tendency to tend to mature, it’s concerning broadening the experiences and applying them to new, even theoretical ,...
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Based on research, there are 166,000 direct deaths caused by the drug abuse in year 2017. Besides that, there are 0.9% of the global population had a drug use disorder. On the contrary, sugary drinks are responsible for 184,000 deaths each year and research found 133,000 annual deaths happen at the hand of type 2 diabetes. More than 2 billion people worldwide regularly play video games. Studies have found anywhere from 1-10% of gamers struggle with compulsive addiction issues. Example...
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With the evolution of mankind and the constant advancement in technology, there should be a match in education system. What I mean by this is that the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 has caused the regression of intelligence and stagnation of education in the United States. This is identified in a multitude of ways by philosophers throughout the ages, great scientific minds of their time, and even the great minds of today that shape the future that is...
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Promoting effective nursing care is based on the thorough understanding of human development across the lifespan. It aids in forming appropriate expectations regarding human behaviour and responding appropriately. Many theorists over the course of history have philosophised concepts regarding this, from Freud’s psychosexual theory to Vygotsky’s social development concept. Each theoretical approach differs but play a part in building new theories with the purpose of understanding development. This paper will discuss two theorists: Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. By examining...
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Chronic pain is a very common type of pain which is affects both physiology and psychology of a person. A pain is considered to be ‘chronic’, if the pain continues beyond the time expected for a painful condition or injury to heal, usually about 3 months or more (The Australian Pain Management Association Ltd. (APMA) , 2018). The constant pain affects the person’s day to day lives, in which it makes the person prone to psychological distress such as depression...
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Smartphone, the Internet-enabled device incorporated with computer applications and software, has become an inevitable part of life. Because of its portability and user-friendly nature, this device has attracted more and more people. According to Statista (2020), 3.5 billion people in the world use smartphone, which translates to 45.04% of the world’s population. Smartphone helps people to work, study, acquire or share information. It also helps people to maintain social relationships and enjoy leisure activities. Education is another field, which benefits...
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Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a serious, debilitating condition which affects around 5% of the UK’s population, therefore it is vital that the advice given by health care professionals to help cope with this disorder is accessible to all those who require it. Currently, once an individual is diagnosed with GAD, the main recommended treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to help control their anxiety levels as it is regarded as one of the most effective treatments. However, the lengthy...
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Cognition is an exceptionally complex, essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. Cognition is sometimes defined as the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. In simple terms, cognition means thinking. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language,...
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Symbolic play is a tool used by children to try and communicate with the world in a different way. As a society or even practitioners we follow this to try and have a greater understanding of how this helps a child’s cognitive, social and emotional development, and in this essay I am going to be discussing the importance of it with regards to children’s development. Symbolic play or pretend play is defined by Weisberg (2015, pp 249) by saying “Pretend...
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Children with special educational needs require their learning to be taloried to meet desired learning objectives. In addition, children who have significantly greater difficulty learning often struggle to keep up with others of the same age, due to the severity of their disability and therefore extra school support is needed. One of the most prevalent learning disabilities found within pupils is dyslexia, a disorder which impedes the development of literacy skills such as reading, writing and spelling. Since this disorder...
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Internet sex offenders are described as those who commit sexual offences online. Child sex abuse is a growing concern. Two main forms of cyber-enabled sexual abuse against a child are grooming and proliferation of indecent images of children (IIOC). Online grooming is the use of digital technologies to facilitate either online or offline sexual contact with minors. IIOC Incorporates the use of digital technologies to produce, distribute or possess offensive or indecent images of children. However research suggests that a...
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I. Introduction Smart Home is a technology based smart objects of use cases that purpose humans for changing their behaviours which is related with the patterns of consumption, improving for care the health each people, decrease consumption of energy. It has to create the concept with prototype which is connected the device for smart health. The device can be made an electrocardiogram (ECG) with smartphone, tablets, etc. ECG is a graphical testing of the rhythms of hearts which the heart...
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Do you smoke? Actually, it does not matter. Cigarets are so popular in the contemporary world that almost everyone knows something about it. Smoking has been a cause of disputes and investigations for many years. Of course, it's important to talk about nicotine and its harm to the human body, but in this essay I want to reveal the topic a bit deeper. Historians say that in ancient times in the territory of Africa, Asia and Europe, people burned tobacco...
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Cognitive psychology is a young branch of psychology which involves the study of mental processes: every other process that goes inside brain including attention, perception, language, memory, problem solving, decision making, creative thinking and thought processes. It looks at how one acquire information one received and how treatment of this information lead to one’s responses, that is in simple word perception, acquisition and retention of information. Historically the study of Cognitive psychology is rooted in the philosophical approaches towards understanding...
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I am a strong believer that our behavior comes from a place of learning, understanding, and or influence. In childhood our surroundings affect the way act not only in our youth but our adulthood, if a parent treats their children with violence or if the child witnesses this type of behavior from a certain age they are more likely to true aggressive due to the experiences they face at such a young age. Our behavior can also be influences by...
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Cognitive Psychology focuses on the study of human cognition, as well as how the brain stores and processes information (Tiitinen, 2001), however, during the 1930’s the field of psychology mainly focused on sensation and behaviourism (Gardner, 2017). Jerome Seymour Bruner was a cognitive psychologist during this time that did work in both sensation and behaviourism, but initiated the focus on perception (Greenfield, 2016). Bruner was a psychologist whose theories and research was important aspects of the cognitive psychology revolution regarding...
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Introduction: Learning theories are important in learning because they allow for students and educators to communicate so that students have the best understanding of a topic as possible. Cognitive dissonance is when learners try to work together to have consistent beliefs, and alter their behavior or attitude so that it reduces “dissonance”. In his theory of cognitive dissonance, Festinger (1957) portrayed cognitive consistency as a mental need that is as essential as eating to survive. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that...
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Behaviorism is a psychological school of thought most prominent during the early 20th century up until the late 20th century. The paradigm as a whole defined psychology as the study of behavior rather than the study of consciousness which was once assumed as central to the field. Behaviorism can be defined as “the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by...
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In the engaging and well put together book, Jerome Groopman, the author of How Doctors Think (2008), explores the mind behind of the physician’s mind. The explicit purpose of How doctors think is to give laypeople an understanding of the medical mind so that they can participate more actively in clinical conversations and improve the care that they receive. In a style familiar to readers of his New Yorker articles, Groopman uses detailed case studies of physicians to make clear,...
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Aim The phantom hand experiment was conducted to determine if a participant could be led to conclude that they possessed a false hand irrespective of what they could physically see. Method The participant sat in front of a table with a rubber hand on one side of a divider and a blank space on the other side. They then placed one of their hands out of sight whilst they focused on the false hand. Whilst the participant paid attention to...
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The psychosexual development theory was conceived by Sigmund Freud in which he suggested that everyone should pass through a number of stages during their childhood. Pleasure-seeking urges from children are focused on a different area of the body, which is known as the erogenous zone. Freud (1905) believed that life was built round tension and pleasure. He theorized that there are five stages of psychosexual development; the Oral stage, the Anal, the Phallic, the Latency and lastly, the Genital. (Boundless...
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I think it is important to consider worldview when studying developmental theories because. Everyone has a different worldview and each person resonates with a different developmental theory. Personally, myself I believe in God and that god created the earth for us to inhabit and populate. I believe in the Bible and everything that it says but my neighbor they may not believe in the same worldview as I do. I think that you must learn what your worldview is before...
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Sigmund Freud was a physiologist born in 1856. Freud is renowned world-wide as one of the founding fathers of psychology. By his own estimation he was one of the premier names in Western science, up there with Darwin and Copernicus (Glassman & Marilyn, 2004). Freud attended medical school at the University of Vienna and graduated with his physiology degree in 1881. Following this he was awarded the opportunity of a fellowship under a leading French doctor in the field of...
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Summery: During counseling or psychotherapeutic sessions, there are a lot of persons that introduce their partner as their absolute sweetheart and companion, while criticize them, as well, regarding their incompetence with respect to gratification or provision of anticipated sexual or romantic desires. Many of them may describe their partner as asexual, hypoactive or dishonest, while their own displeasure or jealousness may have root in a mismatch between sensual yearnings and spiritual longings. Now a question may arise that whether sex-object...
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Human development refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans throughout the lifespan. Physical development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. Cognitive development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. Psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships. human developments are basically a series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span. People pass through different stages in a specific order...
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