For this essay, I chose the article called 'Nightmare Disorder and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Inflammatory Arthritis: Possibility Beyond Neurodegeneration' by Luca Baldelli because I would like to learn more about sleep behavior disorders in general, and the cases found due to sleep behavior disorders. Back when I was in high school, I never slept late like the other...
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For the past 50 years, Knapp’s relational stage model has been testified in relationship development and dissolution; it has become the fundamental of interpersonal communication theory. In building a relationship, this theory is based on the everyday human formation of new relationships that always begins with a conversation with strangers for the first time. Accordingly, most people would have experienced...
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Communication is an essential part of our lives, yet it is not always easy to get our message across effectively. That's where Argyle's Communication Cycle comes in. Developed by social psychologist Michael Argyle, this model outlines the stages involved in effective communication, from encoding and decoding messages to feedback and context. By understanding the steps in the cycle, we can...
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The integration of Europe has three theories that explain its evolution: federalism, neofunctionalism, and intergovernmentalism. Federalism, evolving after World War I and becoming prominent after World War II, holds a focus on avoiding future wars within Europe and containing nation-states. Functionalism has a focus on this idea, as well so when evolved into neofunctionalism, there is a focus on integrating...
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Criminologists are always trying to get to the root of why people commit crimes and create theories on why those same people act in the manner that they do. There are many theories that account for why people commit crimes and what drives them to do so. Recently through this course, the class has touched base on a few of...
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Muzafer Sherif, a psychologist, developed social judgment theory in the early 1960s with the assistance of Carl I. Hovland and Carolyn W. Sherif. To explain apparent inconsistencies in attitude change research, Sherif and Hovland (n.d.) suggested a theory of social judgment. The theory delves into how people make decisions when persuaded to accept or reject a message based on their...
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Naturalistic observation is when researchers perform an observation by carefully watching and listening to children in their everyday environment. The observer must record everything the child speaks about and the movements the child are doing. When the researcher is doing a naturalistic observation, he observes how the child behaves, interacts during activities, expresses themselves, and how the child speaks without...
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Sociologists Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckman introduced the theory of social constructionism in 1966 in the book ‘The Social Construction of Reality’. Three separate intellectual movements came together to form the basis of social constructionism in the late 1960s. The second was a literary and rhetorical impetus to the deconstruction of language and how it affects our knowledge of...
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Peer review is an essential step when it comes to publishing an article or even a book. It is when you get someone in the same field or a field similar to evaluate work ready to be published. Peer review is extremely necessary as it ensures the quality of work is up to a good standard and has reliable information...
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Introduction Libertarianism is a political philosophy that advocates for maximum individual freedom and limited government intervention in both personal and economic matters. Rooted in the principles of individualism, personal autonomy, and free-market capitalism, libertarianism promotes the idea that individuals should have the liberty to make their own choices without undue interference from the state. This essay will provide an informative...
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Introduction Juan Ponce de León, a Spanish conquistador and explorer, holds a significant place in the annals of history for his expeditions and contributions to the exploration of the New World. Born in 1474 in Spain, Ponce de León embarked on daring journeys that shaped the course of exploration and colonization in the Americas. This informative essay delves into the...
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Karl Marx sought the answers to questions by trying to understand how our capitalist society works (for whom it works better, for whom worse), how it arose out of feudalism and where it is likely to lead. Concentrating on the social and economic relations in which people earn their livings, Marx saw behind capitalism's law and order appearance a struggle...
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Prosocial behavior occurs when people act to benefit others rather than themselves. So basically, prosocial conduct is described as acting in a way that benefits others or society as a whole. Prosocial behavior may come in many aspects, like helping others in need, comforting, sharing personal resources, and cooperating with others to achieve some common goals. Feeling empathy and concern...
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Thematic analysis is a type of qualitative data analysis method that takes large bodies of data and groups them according to their relative similarities, which can be termed as themes. Thematic analysis can be applied to various sorts of data set from secondary sources, like media to records of focus group meetings or interviews. Also, it tends to be used...
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Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restricted patterns of behavior and interests (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It has been argued that cognitive deficits may underlie the disorder. Thus, two cognitive theories have been proposed to explain key deficits in autism: theory of mind hypothesis and executive function...
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The multi-store model of memory was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) and is a basic model. They suggested that memory comprised of three stores: a tactile register, transient memory (STM) and long-haul memory (LTM). This is one of the theories that I will be discussing alongside the working memory theory which was introduced by Baddeley & Hitch in 1974....
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The level of adaptations from foregoing existing source material (hypotext) as a function of transforming the culture which was originating through the intertexts of narrative, myths, folk tales, poetry, fiction, dramas, and films across a broad spectrum of culture and languages. Adaptation theory is always the challenge faced by a theory that changes the hypotext material to hypertext by considering...
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Nature is said to be beautiful if Education is self-explanatory, self-operating, and self-directing. Education can only be self-explanatory if it's Naturally centered. Therefore, this essay will explain the theory of Naturalism and its implications for Zambian Education. In other words, it will explain Naturalism and how relevant are its principles to Zambian Education. Naturalism holds that the universe requires no...
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The Apples in the Barrel Humans are intricate and complex creatures, capable of great things like landing on the moon with advancing technology but also capable of disastrous and horrible things such as committing genocide against a minority group. There’s a thin line between the great things humanity can achieve to the very horrifying tragedies that we can inflict on...
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Philosophers attempt to use moral theories to ideally determine whether an individual is a moral and ethical person. This essay will include the theories; Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue Ethics, and how each significant theory can make an individual a moral member of society, but with contrasting views of other philosophers' ideas. For example, different philosophers believe in different moral theories...
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The structural-functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It is based largely on the works of Emile Durkheim as well as Herbert Spencer. It has been given various, but similar definitions by many sociological scholars. Generally, it sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs...
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Divorce is common among married couples in today's society. According to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on marriage, divorce, and remarriage in the United States, 43 percent of initial relational partnerships end in divorce or separation within the first 15 years (CDC, 2022). The high divorce rate has prompted greater research on the detrimental impact...
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When it comes to the muted group theory, the concept is fairly simple. It states that those who hold the power in a room tend to have their ideas communicated better and those who do not have such strong language hold less power. When the more powerful groups are conversing, the other groups must find themselves changing their communication style...
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Getting children to eat fruits and vegetables is a challenge. Not only is it an obstacle in the United States, but it is challenging globally as well. A sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables are in fact essential for a child’s health. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children eat 1-2 cups of fruit and 1-3 cups...
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I believe that Plato`s Theory of Forms is incoherent and contradicts itself in places. There is also no compelling evidence of the Realm of the One exists. I will argue my point below in a balanced argument. Plato`s Theory of Forms consists of the idea that there are two realms The Realm of the One and the Realm of the...
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Plato’s ‘Nature of Justice: A Critical Analysis This essay is a culmination of personal opinions along with reference to several other works on a similar topic all of which have been cited duly. Abstract There are several takes on the nature and theories of justice. However, Plato in his Republic provides some very famous arguments for what justice means and...
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Approaching school security from a new perspective, that being Social Control Theory, is essential to promoting the safety of students. In an analysis of school violence and threat assessments, the United States Secret Service details several key findings to prevent a targeted attack (2019). Among their discoveries are four that closely align with the four social bonds of Hirschi’s Theory...
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Public policy making is essential in making sure that the government is guided in order to reach rational decisions. It is there to give clarity to the internal and external stakeholders on how an organization operates (in this context the government), how resources will be allocated, and how everything will operate in a country. Public policy can also be defined...
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Time travel have been the idea humankind interesting in for century. Since the ancient time, fairy tale about, time travel has always been relevant. From the Hindu epic, King Revaita accepts an invitation to Brahma’s place, when he returns to earth, he finds many century have passed. The story of fisherman name Urashima Taro, having saved a sea turtle, he...
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This paper will focus on Social Bond Theory as a specific type of Control Theory. The lead theorist for this theory is Travis Hirschi. The objective will be to identify Social Bond Theory and how it relates to criminal deviance as explained in his work. Furthermore, the empirical status in support of this theory will be discussed as well. Hirschi...
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