A eukaryotic cell is a cell that incorporates DNA which is surrounded by a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have a few things in common that cells have. The endosymbiotic idea clarifies how eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells that lived collectively. Prokaryotic cells do not have any nucleus and are not membrane bound organelles in which as...
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ABSTRACT One of the world’s highest consumed resource and most dangerous pollutants are petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum hydrocarbons are known as the major antagonist in a number of various water, land and environmental disasters. Because of its highly destructive nature which is a direct consequence of its toxicity, resistance and degradation, the proper treatment and cleaning of this substance is of...
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Introduction The membranes of cells are made up of a fluid imitating, semi-permeable plasma membrane. This is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. A phospholipid bilayer is comprised of phospholipids (see figure 1) and various membrane proteins. The lipid tails of the phospholipids are hydrophobic (repel water) and the phosphate heads are hydrophilic (attract water). In order to ensure the...
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Introduction Chlamydia is a sexually transmissible infection (STI), caused by the Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteria. It is somewhat of a silent infection, as those who have it will not even be aware of it as symptoms are often very mild and unnoticeable in the early stages of the infection. Chlamydia is easily treatable by a General Practitioner (GP), who will prescribe...
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Introduction With the increasing pressure to feed a growing population, the ability to understand plant growth has never been more crucial, especially as the surrounding environment continues to change due to global warming (Semenov and Halford, 2009)(FAO, IFAD and WFP, 2014). As photosynthesis is directly related to a plant’s potential growth, knowledge of factors that affect this process, such as...
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To maintain a healthy body one needs to just simply eat healthy, exercise, protect the skin from the sun, practice safe sex, don’t smoke or use tobacco and finally limit how much alcohol you drink. These are just the simple steps to prevent any sickness, but should be taken in consideration when in concern to when your body is sick....
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Oceans provide 90 percent of living space on our planet Earth by volume and about 95 percent of this enormous area is still unseen by humans. (1) This huge area holds infinite opportunities with a massive diversity of organisms. The plants, animals and all the other microorganisms, even the tiniest ones that live in the salt water of the sea...
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the glucose concentration in popular drinks coke and Gatorade and to identify how a changing environment can impact the hydrolysis of sucrose. This was examined by a series of mutli- enzymatic reactions of glucose resulting in NADPH, measured by a spectrophotometer at 340nm. The results showed the glucose concentration of coke...
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Enzymes are key protein molecules in living systems. Once synthesized, they are not usually converted to other kinds of molecules, and so are the substances taken in as fuel for digestive and respiratory processes (such as sugar, fat, and molecular oxygen). This is because enzymes are catalysts, which means they can participate in chemical reactions without themselves being changed, just...
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Introduction Measles virus (MEV)- induced neurologic disease is associated with the community acquired infection of disease, whereas most important rubella virus (RV)-induced neurologic disease is associated with congenital disease. There are lots of safe and effective vaccines exists. Mev, the etiologic agent of measles, is a member of the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family of non-segmented, negative -stranded, enveloped...
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Abstract Recent upswing and advances in science and technology has exposed a great impact on all areas of human life. One of the most significant fields of science and technology is Biotechnology. The progression in biotechnology and the trends of biotechnology brought forward thinking and solutions for many of the complications that the human race are and will be facing,...
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To explain why biodesign is the now for designers and is now even more relevant, and why designers should all have at least an awareness of it. It is partly due to the reason that by some biodesign being is being viewed as an industrial revolution or revolutionizer and therefore designers can be seen to be in an exceptional and...
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Along with a sophisticated understanding of any science comes not just an enhanced worldview, but also the opportunity to apply this knowledge in order to create technology. This represents our ability to shape the world as we see fit. There are certainly profound ethical implications that emerge when we begin to tamper with life. Before we could start work on...
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What is Biomedical Engineering? Biomedical Engineering is the application of engineered products that advance information in biology, engineering, and medical purposes, and improves human wellbeing through interdisciplinary exercises that incorporate the designing sciences with the biomedical sciences and clinical practice. It incorporates: The education of new information and comprehension of living structures (systems) through the substantive and innovational use of...
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Biotechnology is unavoidable in today’s society. From household products to medical procedures, biotechnology is ubiquitous. Defined as “something that harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and to help improve lives”, (Bio.org). There are three primary fields where biotechnology is used: medical, agricultural and industrial. Development in each of these fields is progressing at an exponential rate, with hundreds...
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ABSTRACT Biotechnology consists of various techniques that helps in improving and providing better life to human beings. Biotechnology has provided several biomedical tools and techniques, to diagnose and cure diseases. Even biotechnology set a new parameters in industrial, agricultural, and biomedical fields. With the help of biotechnology several new enzymes, antibodies and vaccines are founded, which have promised less expensive...
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Flowers are grown all over the world in gardens, greenhouses and in the wilderness naturally, and are shipped across huge distances. While the flower is still attached to the plant the flower benefits from the sugars that the plant's leaves manufacture through the process of photosynthesis (SFGate, Unknown). Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to harness energy from sunlight...
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RATIONALE Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts within living cells. Catalysts increase the rate at which chemical reactions occur without being consumed or permanently altered themselves by lowering their activation energy (Christensen, 2018). Every enzyme has a region called active site, where enzymes are binds to a substrate to create another enzyme and carries a reaction. Enzyme is important...
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From ancient biotechnology to modern, biotechnology has evolved profoundly and has gained exceptional importance and significance during recent years, which is just unprecedented. From vaccinations to mapping human DNA to agricultural impacts, medical biotechnology is creating major advancements and helping countless individuals. The intricacy of biotechnology is augmented due to enhancements and the developments of new technologies, as these are...
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Enzyme biotechnology and industrial enzyme production exist in our daily life and. In many cases, commercial processes first utilize naturally occurring enzymes. However, this does not mean that the enzyme can be utilized as effective as possible. With time, research and improved protein engineering methods, many enzymes have been genetically engineered to be more effective at the desired temperature, pH...
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Though many people may believe that there are other major factors that are a threat to mankind and viruses are not even a major issue, they actually are. I totally agree that they are one of the biggest threats to mankind as they can be extremely harmful based on the type and they are the cause for hundreds of deaths...
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Distilled water has a pH of seven (neutral) and most plants grow best with a soil pH of 6, as most have adapted to places in the world with slightly acidic rain. Most plants cannot grow with a pH under six, as necessary micro nutrients for growth usually cannot survive in the acidity. The best pH solution for green beans...
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A Guide to Microorganisms in Plant Biotech for Investors explains the science of CRISPR, the role of microorganisms in plant biotech and particularly how the evolution of these related systems are destined to ensure long term continued food security here in Australia and worldwide. The aim of this case study is to summarise findings from a document review carried out...
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Abstract Public swimming areas such as beaches can be full of potentially harmful microorganisms, which may then classify the water as unsafe to swim in. In this study we took samples from Coogee Bay Beach and further studied them using both culture based and non-culture based testing methods. Using Illumina sequencing we identified a huge number of different species of...
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Infections are minute creatures that exist wherever on earth. They can contaminate creatures, plants, organisms, and even microscopic organisms. Here and there an infection can cause an illness so savage that it is lethal. Other viral contaminations trigger no discernible response. An infection may likewise have one impact on one kind of creature, yet an alternate impact on another. This...
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Background Most motor oils are made from a denser petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil, with added ingredients to enhance particular properties (Pennzoil, 2019). Oil spillages are a disastrous occurrence in the environment and have a negative effect on both animals and plants. According to the United Sates Environmental Protection Agency, 750 million litres of oil are disposed...
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Viruses have continuously challenged our perception of what ‘living’ means. The scientific community have constantly debated whether viruses are classified as living or non-living organisms. Viruses are very important complexes of biochemical that influence all types of living organisms including bacteria, yeast, plants and animal cells. Viruses are blobs of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein. They...
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Abstract This report is about industrial microbiology that’s mean using benefit microorganisms in important product by some processes. Industrial microbiology has served humanity since prebiblival times , providing fermented beverages and food to enhance the quality of the life . the antibiotic era featured an explosion in number of microbial products for medicine ,nutrition, industry , and research .revolutionary development...
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Abstract Microorganisms are small creatures that cannot be seen without microscope. They multiple at an exponential rate and due to this reason they are widely used in different industries all around the world. In food industry they are used to increase food life and for giving aroma, characteristic smell to food items. In fermentation industry, yeast is used to ferment...
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Physical chemistry is the investigation of plainly visible and particulate wonders in compound frameworks as far as the standards, practices, and ideas of material science for instance; movement, vitality, power, time, thermodynamics, quantum science, measurable mechanics, expository elements and chemical equilibrium. Or Physical chemistry; the part of science managing the relations between the physical properties of substances and their chemical...
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