What is sickle-cell anaemia Sickle-cell anaemia is a hereditary, homozygous, genetic blood disorder that occurs within a person who has abnormal haemoglobin on their red blood cells. The Haemoglobin are sensitive to low amounts of oxygen in the body which makes them transform into sickle or crescent shapes. This causes the abnormal haemoglobin to become stiff and sticky blocking blood...
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Abstract Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a globally prevalent, monogenic, life-threatening blood disorder with a complex pathology that remains obscure. A deepened understanding of the malady in the recent years has led to pharmaceutical advancements that target pathophysiology and ultimately ameliorate associated multivariate clinical manifestations. Abnormal cell to cell interactions, endothelial adhesion, induced oxidative stress, intracellular erythrocyte dehydration and concentration...
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“This disease has impacted my life in so many different ways: good and bad.” These are the words from Natasha Thomas, a woman who was diagnosed with sickle cell disease at the age of seven. Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder that affects the red blood cells in the body. A healthy red blood cell is normally round and...
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INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis, is a pathology that caused by bacterial infection that spread by air between people. When it comes to lung, the medical term for this pathology are pulmonary tuberculosis. It may cause chest pain, severe coughing, weight loss and many more. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a worldwide problem which is can affected to all age, either young or old age....
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder found among older adults at the age of 65 and above (Schwamborn, 2018). Symptoms of AD are memory loss, cognitive declination, disorientation, language deficit, impaired concentration, personal hygiene and self-care declination as well as behaviour and personality changes (Bature, F., Guinn, B. A., Pang, D., & Pappas, Y, 2017). At this...
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Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Sars-Cov-2 virus known as corona is the newly discovered respiratory disease where it spread person to person through small droplets from nose or mouth of an infected person and it has been declared as pandemic by World Health Organization. Fever, tiredness, difficulty in breathing, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, diarrhea and dry cough...
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Abstract Hypertension is a serious health problemoriginates from a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors.Environmental factors are overweight/obesity, bad diet, high dietary sodium, stress, lack of physical activity, smokingand alcohol consumption. Higher degree of BP control can be achieved by providing a care source, maximum adherence, and minimizing therapeutic lethargy. The targeted technique to be followed includes many interventions...
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Autism is a developmental disorder that affects one's physical, social, and language skills. It is considered to be a very heterogeneous (widely diverse) condition affecting at least 400,000 people in the U.S. alone. Most people with this disease are diagnosed before the age of three and tend to show symptoms like difficulty communicating, abnormalities in socialization, as well as interests....
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Abstract ZIKV as an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the family of flavivirde.(1-3) The rapid geographical expansion and the rampant effect of zika virus (ZIKV) in the recent years have posed serious threat to human life, which lead World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) against this flavivirus in 2016.(4) Binding and...
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Based on studies, there's two principal explanation for stroke that we'd like to grasp. These area units referred to as a blocked artery named ischemia and Hemorrhagic, the abundant of vas within the brain. Also, some persons might solely have a Transient ischaemic Attack (TIA) or short interruption of blood flow that does not cause long-run symptoms. the foremost common...
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'Children with autism are colorful - they are often very beautiful and, like the rainbow, they stand out.' (Devine, 2014). In life there are sunny days as well as blustery days, which in some cases can be a great or terrible day. Meeting and knowing an individual that has autism spectrum disorder is an experience for those who do not...
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Is Down syndrome in cats possible? This is one of the common questions animal health professionals are constantly faced with. Though the answer to this question comes in the negative, it is quite true that members of the feline population do posses some down syndrome-like symptoms from quirky physical appearances to unusual behavioral traits For this write-up, we will be...
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Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the fastest growing neurodegenerative diseases in the world and the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease next to Alzheimer’s Disease. What causes it has yet to be discovered, but researchers say that people who are more prone to developing PD are mostly men, aged around 60 or older, and have relatives affected by...
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Most of us rely on our physical abilities and cannot imagine life without them. Going for a walk, eating a bowl of cereal, drinking a cup of coffee, dressing ourselves etc. are all abilities that we take for granted. Perhaps one of the most heart rendering, difficult situations I can think of is for someone to have those abilities slowly...
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Cancer has been among the leading causes of death throughout the world for decades, devastating many families with its commonly low survival rates and limited treatment options. In particular, Glioblastoma, arguably the most aggressive form of cancer, is fatal with the median survival rate being 10 to 12 months[1] (even when accompanied with treatment) due to how developed the grade...
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The management of hypertension in patients can improve their overall health and reduce the risk of other comorbidities that can arise from being untreated, especially those newly diagnosed. Orem's theory poses the concept of self-care and the abilities that patients have to improve their self-care. An individual’s ability to perform self-care is defined as the practice of activities that individuals...
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Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, as many people still their lives to deaths from CVDs than from any other cause. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths. Out of these deaths, 85% are due to heart attack and stroke. Hypertension, also known as high or...
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INTRODUCTION The study aims at taking a holistic view of the issues, problems, effect, and solutions of Down syndrome in Ireland. In plain English language, Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities; including short stature and a broad facial profile in humans. Down syndrome is a type of genetic disorder...
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Hypertension is a very dangerous condition, and it is because of the heart problems that it can cause a person. “Hypertension is a disease whose chief characteristic is high blood pressure. High blood pressure occurs when the blood being pumped from your heart, pushes too hard against the walls of your veins” (Jenkins 2). Mainly it is very detrimental when...
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Introduction Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases represent two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders affecting millions globally. Alzheimer’s disease primarily impacts memory and cognitive function, whereas Parkinson’s disease is marked by motor dysfunction and tremors. Both diseases are progressive, incurable, and significantly impact the quality of life. The complexity of these disorders is underscored by their multifactorial nature, involving genetic, environmental,...
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Introduction Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be physically impaired? There are plenty of conditions that involve movement issues. One condition is Parkinson’s disease (PD). Famous icons, such as Michael J. Fox and Muhammad Ali have been diagnosed with the condition and have helped the public in some way regarding the disease. Michael J. Fox has...
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common disability of childhood that impacts movement and motor skills. This is a neurological condition with brain damage as the underlying cause. The damage may occur while the baby is still in utero, during labor and delivery, or shortly after birth. There are different types of Cerebral Palsy that affect children they are spastic...
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According to Mayor Clinic, infectious diseases are 'disorders caused by organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites.' It's sometimes can break out in a large area, which has taken a heavy toll on human life. In a press release published in 1996, WHO stated that 'infectious diseases kill over 17 million people a year, global crisis.' The battle between...
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Obesity is one of the challenges facing the current generation and most probably the young and growing children. According to Lobstein et al. (2015), obesity refers to excess body weights or body fats that might affect one's health and are measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI). The challenges affect the children both mentally and physically and it is therefore...
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Pre-eclampsia is a serious hypertensive complication that can occur during pregnancy. Hypertension only occurs in 10% of women during pregnancy and although pre-eclampsia complicates only 2% to 8% of pregnancies, it is still devastating and life-threatening for both the mother and the baby. It is estimated that pre-eclampsia causes death in approximately 76,000 women per year as well as 500,000...
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Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that directly affects the growth of bone mass. On the genetic side, individuals are born with this disorder because it is programmed within their DNA. However, lifestyle factors like daily exercise, sufficient intake of calcium, limiting alcohol consumption, and even maintaining a healthy diet can help decrease the risk of being diagnosed later on in...
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In the exploration of pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, many studies have revealed the origin of the disease and the underlying cause of its deterioration. For a long time, we have known that pathological changes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease, such as the accumulation of amyloid plaques, occurred before the onset of symptoms such as memory loss. A...
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Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that affects people of all ages. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. A person with epilepsy experiences a sudden episode of seizures, which may include sensory disturbance, unconsciousness, and repetitive muscle jerking (Wlodarczyk et al., 2012). The treatment is the daily intake of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) regimen. More than...
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Cerebral Palsy, a neurological disorder, is common in babies throughout the United States. 8,000 babies are born with cerebral palsy each year. Many studies, treatments, surgeries, and other medical findings are being done to better the lives of cerebral palsy patients. Although there is not a cure for cerebral palsy, the patient’s quality of life improves as the patient ages....
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Hypertension can be described as, the level of blood pressure reached when treatment is advantageous to an individual. Ideal blood pressure is seen to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg1. Within the population, it is described as normally distributed2. People are not classified into subgroups of normotensive and hypertensive as many factors come into play2. There are two main types of...
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