Infection prevention is important within healthcare settings. This is because people who come into hospital or use other healthcare services are at risk of infection. When people access these healthcare services, they are usually already ill and may be less able to tolerate infection. An infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present in the body. Some infections can cause the patient to have no symptoms whereas other infections...
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Introduction In 1981 the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was firstly identified as a new disease caused by a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It was the cause factor of the most devastating disease that emerged in the last 35 years. HIV-1 also spreads by percutaneous and perinatal routes, or exposure at mucosal surfaces, but primarily via sexual transmission.(Cohen et al., 2011) Since the identification of this virus it infected more than 60 million people and caused about...
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Are you a victim of a personal injury? If yes, you would certainly need to gather as much information you could in order to be well aware of it. In case you are a subject to personal injury, you certainly might be experiencing some serious commotions both in your professional and personal life. If you are engaged in a road accident which was not your fault, you certainly will be worthy for receiving a compensation for it. In this post,...
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Injuries of any sorts are a painful ordeal. In the event that you or somebody near you has gotten injuries in view of the blame of others you will normally be upset and irritated. On the off chance that the injury is the immediate consequence of an incident that you had met in light of somebody's carelessness you will normally feel furious. Anyway feeling furious won't remove your torment and personal injury, so you should stay concentrated on what to...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages cells of the immune system in particular CD4 cells or T cells leading to reduced numbers. This, therefore, lowers the ability to fight off infections and diseases. Over time the immune system becomes weaker and weaker until the final stage of HIV is reached, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The severity of AIDS makes suffers highly susceptible to life-threatening conditions for example cancers. There is currently no cure for HIV and AIDS, however, it can...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza continues to be a major public health concern.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in a typical year, 10 to 20 percent of the world's population is infected with influenza, resulting in 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 severe illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths (World Health Organization, 1999). In the United States, there are tens of thousands of deaths each year and the problem will increase due to the aging of the population and the susceptibility of the elderly. Influenza,...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza viruses are a virus that infects the respiratory tract of mammals and usually can cause fever, muscle pain, severe headache, sore throat, fatigue, coughing, and weakness. It is the Orthomyxoviridae family of enveloped viruses and a significant cause of respiratory infections worldwide (Bahadoran et al., 2016). It can be transmitted through the air by coughing or sneezing and also from infected birds through their droppings. Other transmissions are through saliva, nasal secretions, faeces, and blood of infected animals....
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Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, about 120 nanometers in diameter. They are susceptible to mutation and recombination and are therefore highly diverse. There are about 40 different varieties and they mainly infect human and non-human mammals and birds. They reside in bats and wild birds, and can spread to other animals and hence to humans. The virus that causes COVID-19 is thought to have originated in bats and then spread to snakes and pangolins and hence to humans, perhaps by...
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ABSTARCT Viruses are so tiny; about 20 to 400 nanometers in diameter, billions can fit on the head of a pin. Every 100 years there is a new virus that hit the world, at the end of 2019, an epidemic of cases with unexplained low respiratory infections caused by virus detected in Wuhan, the largest metropolitan area in China, last December has spread to six continents. The virus killed almost 200,000 innocent people and infected about 3 million people. Yes,...
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Introduction COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic involving the vast spread of a type of viruses called the Corona virus. These viruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses having a crown-like appearance when viewed an electron microscope. It belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the Coronaviridae family (order Nidovirales) and is divided into four genera of CoVs: Alphacoronavirus (alphaCoV), Betacoronavirus (betaCoV), Deltacoronavirus (deltaCoV), and Gammacoronavirus (gammaCoV). Then, the betaCoV genus divides into five sub-genera. Genomic studies have proven that bats and rodents are...
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My friends are already asking me why people around the world are afraid of the vaccine for COVID-19 that is being developed. Many people know that vaccines are good stuff because they have protected billions of humans against diseases. They just cannot understand why the same is dreaded around the world to the extent that there has been a push and pull on where potential vaccines should be tested in a clinical trial. Bill Gates himself despite being the proponent...
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What Is Corona Viruse (COVID-19) Corona viruses are a wide group of viruses that in animals and humans may cause disease. Corona viruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans ranging from mild colds to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Since being first identified in southern China in 2002, 26 countries continued to be affected, resulting in more than 8,000 cases and 774 deaths. The Coronavirus which was recently...
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Abstract Patients of rheumatoid arthritis, who were already diagnosed as per 2010 ACR / EULAR ( American college of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism ) classification criteria were included in the study. Red cell band width was determined in all the patients from laboratory of own hospital. Severity of rheumatoid arthritis was determined on the basis of Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28). Age, gender, duration of rheumatoid arthritis and red cell band width were correlated with the severity of rheumatoid...
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Through the past years, parental refusal of child vaccinations has steadily increased throughout the United States in pediatrics and public health. Although vaccines have been considered to be one of the greatest public health achievements, it has recently taken a fall due to rising concern with the connection to autism.1 Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complicated condition in which there is a deficiency in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, obsessive behavior, and repetitive movements that...
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Every day, around us are policies implemented by the government that keeps us safe without us ever even noticing. We were fortunate enough to have learned that such things are normal and often are taken for granted. We bathe in clean water, eat at restaurants that have safe food thanks to health inspectors, we flush toilets and use septic systems to minimize spread of infection and for sanitary reasons. All these policies and more were created for the safety of...
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Often times, some of the most impactful moments are not planned, nor do they come in the best of tidings. This is no exception for Robert Kennedy’s words on the assassination of Martin Luther King Junior. The speech, which was largely improvised moments before it was given, was initially intended to be a routine stop for Kennedy’s presidential campaign trail. “Then, a rumor began circulating that someone had tried to assassinate Martin Luther King, Jr., but that he had survived”...
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Abstract Alzheimer’s Disease is relevant among most of the world’s population today. It is a disease that effects the cognitive function, memory, and language in an individual’s daily life. Now Alzheimer’s Disease has no cure, is untreatable, and the most significant cause is not really known. Also, traditional methods of diagnosing and care are not that efficient. Researchers have been driven to making a connection between the composition of the microbiota inside the gastrointestinal tract and cognitive decline. It is...
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An ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has raised global concerns in 2020 with millions of confirmed cases, which is identified as another clade within the Betacoronavirus genus, Coronaviridae family. This article will help to figure out how this kind of virus infect human body by introducing the interaction between the four stages of the life cycle of coronavirus and the cytoskeleton. The first stage: virus invasion The first stage of coronavirus infection is Spike(S) protein-mediated attachment to the cell surface via...
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The elderly people are one of the most vulnerable minority group towards Arthritis and Musculoskeletal conditions. To be an elderly, the individual must be 65 years or over, according to the Social Security Administration (Katie. 24th July 2017). The most common reason for arthritis in elderly people is due to stress and strain on the joints over the years. The body undergoes a lot of wear and tear as you age (Sharma. B. 12th October 2015). Arthritis is a joint...
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Magic and personal piety, were fundamental concepts within religion during the Ramesside period. Source A reveals the remains of 30 shabti dolls found in Nefetari’s tomb, with spells from the Book of the Dead carved in each, which ensured the dolls participation of hard labour in place of the deceased during the afterlife. This reliance on magic was largely a by-product of their religious beliefs. However, Shabti Dolls were restricted only to the wealthy and those of lower classes were...
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The clinical symptomatology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered to be the result of an extensive destruction or disorganization of the cerebral cortex, as the patient’s cognitive functions become impaired. Late onset Alzheimer’s disease affects 5-10% of people over the age of 65 years old and while the case for this disease has not yet been fully understood, it is believed that a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors affects the risk for developing the disease. Researchers have not...
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, when this virus is at its most progressive stage it is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family. The genome of this virus is constituted of a single strand of RNA encapsulated in an HIV Capsid protein that forms the core shell of the virus. Moreover, the virus possesses a lipid bilayer composed of surface proteins and transmembrane proteins. Intracellularly beneath the lipid bilayer there is a matrix...
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Introductions Epilepsy is considered one of the most important chronic neurological disorder (1,2), characterized by synchronous recurrent unprovoked seizures due to uncontrolled electrical discharges from the brain neurons (2, 3). Infections either parasitic, viral or bacterial and birth trauma are suggested to be some factors contributing to the disease (2, 4, 5). The disease has high prevalence estimated that about 50 millions people affected worldwide (6, 7, 8). The global burden of the disease is about 1% in both industrialized...
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Introduction “Vaccines Safety: Evidence- Based Research Must Prevail” an article by Dr. Kathleen Ahern Gould, RN that was published in Dimension of Critical Care Nursing. She also teaches at Boston College. This article is an argument about a debate that has been happening for the past few decades. The argument is that vaccinations that are given at birth and then routinely throughout later years cause Autistic tendencies in children. There are five main sections in this article including Vaccine Safety:...
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Malaria is kind of infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. It cause by a kind of parasite that transmitted to people through one bite of the female anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria leads to 600,000 deaths globally each year, malaria is mostly found in sub-Saharan Africa. 90% of deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa mainly children under 5 years old (Dove press, 2016).According to WHO (world health organization) In 2017, 219 million people infected to malaria and 435000 people dead worldwide...
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Abstract Quality improvement in radiology incorporates 3 significant components. To start with, quality confirmation programs for ceaseless improvement in quality. Second, quality confirmation projects to improve staff and patient wellbeing. Third, quality confirmation projects to improve the clinical, specialized, and demonstrative execution of all experts in the radiology division. (Kruskal, Eisenberg, Sosna, Yam, Kruskal, Boiselle, and Kruskal, 2011) Continuous Quality Improvement is a basic factor in keeping up elite social insurance frameworks. Imaging offices are relied upon to be built...
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Introduction Measles virus (MEV)- induced neurologic disease is associated with the community acquired infection of disease, whereas most important rubella virus (RV)-induced neurologic disease is associated with congenital disease. There are lots of safe and effective vaccines exists. Mev, the etiologic agent of measles, is a member of the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family of non-segmented, negative -stranded, enveloped RNA viruses. There are several morbilliviruses and each has a relatively restricted host range. Morbilliviruses have six structural proteins. MeV...
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With respect to hindrance continued in disconnected occasions, 'sports damage' signifies the loss of substantial capacity or structure that is the object of perceptions in clinical assessments; 'sports injury' is characterized as a prompt impression of agony, inconvenience or loss of working that is simply the object of competitor assessments; and 'sports inadequacy' is the sidelining of a competitor in light of a wellbeing assessment made by an authentic games specialist that is the object of time misfortune perceptions.Correspondingly, sports...
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There is no doubt that everyone has heard the name of the man who was gifted by God, and is credited with creating much of the English language we know today. If you haven’t already guessed, the name of the glorious man is William Shakespeare. Many people have written dramas and plays, so what sets Shakespeare apart from them? There must be a reason is to why he is so admired, so studied, so loved, so insisted upon by so...
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Rationale Advances in medical technology has had countless positive impacts on the health and wellbeing of humans. In fact, life expectancies have more than doubled, with a predicted age of 30 in the 1900s rising to approximately 70 years in the 21st century (Rosser, 2015). The eradication and prevention of cases and outbreaks of infectious diseases such as small pox, influenza, measles, etc. heavily contributed to that increase. However, a lack of knowledge and general fear cause many controversies to...
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