In the case of risk adverse situations, it is possible to make contradictory preferences when the problem comes in different forms. In other words, choices are made depending on the circumstances. The risk aversion occurs when the positive outcome is smaller, though with greater certainty. The situation is different when the reward is greater with less uncertainty. On the other...
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Introduction The state of Florida has 1,197 miles of coastline, and sand beaches cover more than 660 miles of this seashore (the State of Florida, 2017). These coastlines can be used for different purposes, and sand beaches can be public and private, as well as appropriate for recreational or residential use (Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 2015d). However, there are...
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Ruscha’s rat (Abrawayaomys ruschii) and giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were selected for the analysis of mammals. First of all, it should be stated that the similar features of all the mammals are shared among all the species, and the two selected are not an exception. The common features, which Ruscha’s rat and giant panda share as mammals are the three...
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Integrated Water Strategies (IWS) has developed a design to recycle water to make it reusable. The website is a front-end of their company showing various services that the company offers in the field of water recycling. A basic theme that the company promotes is the education of the need for clean and pure water, while their methodology to recycle water...
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Introduction Nowadays, rapid climate change occurs due to active urbanization, as the growth of cities contributes to the urban heat-island effect (Gill et al., 2007). City trees play a critical role in ameliorating the heat-island effect and in removing particulate matter (PM) from the air (Gill et al., 2007). Consequently, increasing the number of city trees in spatial design could...
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In India, the Concept of Social Security was found to be well embedded in the institutions like joint family, religion, caste and village societies and in the customs, rights and responsibilities of individuals and occupational groups since time immemorial. According to Dharmashastras, the King was placed under an obligation to help orphans, aged, windows and those suffering from disease, handicaps...
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This paper focuses on one of the main pollution related problems that affect the modern day world. The problem under study is acid rain. This form of rainfall is yet another of mankind’s caused problems since it results from production of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide gases in large amount due to activities such as deforestation and burning...
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“We call them dumb animals, and so they are, for they cannot tell us how they feel, but they do not suffer less because they have no words” (Anna Sewell). There is without a doubt evidence that animals are being affected by climate change. Many effects are hard to measure but there are different ways animals are being affected. Because...
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Fracking has been a controversial topic in the world for several years. Some people say its bad while some think it’s better for the environment than all of the other current options that we have. According to Gayathri Vaidyanathan’s “Fracking can contaminate drinking water” people of Pavilion Wyoming complained of a bad taste, as well as smell in the drinking...
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Global warming is an undisputed international problem. The discourse surrounding this issue has attracted disparate opinions from lawmakers, investors, and the public among others. One of the ideas and approaches that have been adopted is iron fertilization. Iron fertilization is a form of geoengineering, which involves the intentional introduction of the micronutrient iron into certain areas of the ocean with...
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Water is an important aspect of our ecosystem, where the water quality has a major role in the human and animal life. The water quality refers to the condition of water regarding the chemical, physical and biological aspects. Water clarity is the most obvious measurement of water quality. In this research I will be researching about the chemical composition of...
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Echinoderms are a phylum of marine organisms. They are generally characterized as invertebrates that have hard, internal calcium based skeletons, a water vascular system, and a five-rayed radial symmetry. Some examples of echinoderms are starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars. The importance of echinoderms goes past the aesthetics that they bring to marine ecosystems. Echinoderms also...
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The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to deliver oxygen to cells of the body (the lungs through air exchange, and the circulatory system by delivery of haemoglobin containing red cells to the capillaries where oxygen is released into the tissues) and removal of carbon dioxide.The circulatory system delivers nutrients absorbed through the walls of the small intestine to other...
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Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more acceptable for various uses. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired use. For the water treatment process different methods are used like filtration, zeolite process, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, ozonation, ultraviolet light, activated...
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Most of America knows the Flint water crisis of the last four years has become quite the epidemic and the more we learn the worse things seem to become. Since the discovery of discolored water in peoples tap water we’ve found out a lot of the affects switching to the Flint River had on the residents of Flint. Not only...
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Two of every three parts of the Earth’s surface is made up of oceans and seas. This makes beaches, palm trees, and warm sands the biggest tourist attractions in the world. For vacation, most people's first choice is to go to the beach. Millions of families travel to the ocean for vacation every year, and still don’t realize the impact...
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Mangrove vegetation includes trees, shrubs, palms and ground greeneries that develop within the intertidal areas of waterfront and estuarine edges (Benfield, 2002). There are about 20 families of plants that have individuals in mangrove area and they share several specialized features that enable them to adapt with the stressors related with regular inundation by the tide (Duke et al, 1998)....
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Acid rain is defined as precipitation in any form that has acidic properties, such as nitric and sulfuric acid which is formed in the atmosphere and falls to the ground. The pH scale is used the measure acidity and alkalinity in solutions. The lower the substance’s pH value is (less than 7), the more acidic the substance is. If the...
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Introduction Water shortage is a situation where the available water cannot meet the demands of the population sufficiently. With the continued rise of the population and industrialization, there is much pressure on water sources to serve the growing needs of the people. The rise in demand for water has led to water scarcity due to high usage rates of this...
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Introduction Natural disasters are very critical events that affect people’s lives adversely because of the devastations they cause. Such things as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods can result in property damage and also kill people. Realizing how crucial the effects of natural disasters are, governments develop specific emergency management plans that reveal how professionals should act to minimalize adverse effects and...
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Environment consists of air, water, earth, flora fauna, human beings, their activities, trees and plants. Environmer sustains and supports our life. All the elements of environment ar life supporting. Hence arises the question of protection of ou environment. Environment is a very complex and comprehensive phenomenon. Minerals, climate, geography, geology etc are it: integral parts. Causes of pollution: There are...
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Oxygen diffusion is essential for the survival of living animals. Differences in the surface area and relative thickness of respiratory surfaces among vertebrates have been shown to influence the rates of oxygen diffusion and the levels of aerobic activity (Gillooly et al., 2016). Different animals have developed specialized organs in which gas exchange can take place, such as the gills...
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A major theme prevalent in eco-fiction is the debate over resource management. Otherwise known as climate fiction, it is a subgenre of science fiction that explores the way in which climate change affects the Earth and its inhabitants. Numerous mediums of this subgenre have sprung up since the term “anthropocene” was coined. Although the scientific community has not decided a...
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Wind Works Ltd, as the company, which provides the alternative energy sources, and makes them available for the wide range of the population needs to resort to a particular assessment strategies. The fact is that, environmental costs, which are required to be calculated for the entire implementation of the wind mill farm. Originally, the main aim of the paper is...
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In most cities across the world pollution is a serious problem. And with more and more people living in cities, more and more cars will be used, more factories, and more power plants. This all equals MORE pollution, but there is one tool that is often overlooked, and that is trees. Pollution is caused by burning too many fossil fuels,...
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Food deserts are defined as areas of relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food. This phenomenon is thought to be a factor in the different dietary health outcomes, like heart disease and obesity, which exist between socioeconomic classes. Even though food deserts can refer to the literal dearth of food, most studies consider “differential accessibility to healthy and affordable...
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Let’s start with where the Pisonia tree is found. It is an indigenous tree species indigenous to the tropical waters of the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. When talking about a cruel and a savage plant, the Pisonia just fits the bill. But, how does this thing happen and the tree claim the lives of many birds? Experts studying the...
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Trees are very important, valuable and necessary to our existence as they have furnished us with two important life essentials; food and oxygen. Apart from basically keeping us alive, there are many other little and big benefits we get from trees. So, trees are vital resources for the survival of all living beings. Therefore, Governments world over and many Organizations...
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Originally belonging to African territories, the Gambian rat quickly became an invasive species to Florida. In general, the natural habitat of this mammal is not densely populated residential areas, but for several decades the Gambian rat has been causing damage to Florida’s urban ecosystem, namely Grassy Key. Specifically, eight rodents were accidentally released by a local breeder (Perry et al.,...
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It is correctly said that “when you plant a tree, you plant a life”. Trees are one of the greatest blessings for humans from mother earth. The most important thing one must remember is that trees do not need us, rather we need them. Apart from the countless benefits they have, trees our certainly our best friends. They are the...
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