The United States has spent $601.31 billion on NASA since its inception. The total estimate is $1.32 trillion when adjusted for inflation, an average of $22.03 billion annually over its entire history. The budget for fiscal year 2020 for the National Aeronautic Space Administration is $21 billion. It is an increase of 1.4 percent compared to FY 2019(Amadeo). There is...
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As years go by, the earth just keeps getting warmer and warmer, air and water pollution continues to increase, new viruses and diseases are being discovered, and more species are being endangered; all these harmful effects came to be because majority of the population aren’t socially responsible or aware of certain human activities that affect the environment particularly the human...
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Introduction Natural Selection has a great effect on species in different environments. Different species can inherit mutations, some may be good, and some may be bad for the individual(McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 2010). It is also the reason for evolution(Grabianowski, 2018). Natural Selection is the leading factor in deciding which species will live and reproduce, and which ones will die out(Brain, 2019)....
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Since the invention of mobile cell phones, people have been carrying them wherever they go and using them for long periods of time throughout the day. Today’s cell phones can do everything from making a phone call across the world, to searching the internet and taking high definition photographs of anything in sight. Cell phones also have applications that people...
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Abstract In today’s society, there are numerous children that are born with a childhood disease that is life-threatening. Many children do not live past the age of five with some of these debilitating diseases. As a result, researchers are tackling the crisis by editing the mutated gene of the child while in gestation. Therefore, this will eliminate the possibly that...
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Introduction Human achieves language by being in a culture, it is passed down to generation and the next. This is what Yule (2010.p.14) described as cultural transmission. Humans do not inherit language they achieve them which means that language is not transferred through genes of the parents it is obtained by being with other speakers. Furthermore, Yule states that a...
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Many believe that DNA is the silver bullet in a crime scene investigation, to which I strongly disagree. Quoting Chris Alpen, ‘DNA can never replace a thoughtful, creative detective with the right resources’, and that ‘technology is ultimately a system run by humans where mistakes can and will be made, regardless of how advanced it is.’ DNA is powerful in...
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Literature weaves itself into the fabric of a generation’s intellectual journey. Its impact repeats itself for evolving audiences across decades. Discussion of its intricate language and its effect on readers with all types of personal backgrounds serves as evidence of a novel’s unifying nature. Chinua Achebe explores the impact of Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, and the praised language...
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Phrenology was a pseudoscience that aimed to study the size and shapes of skulls in order to determine one’s mental abilities, or lack thereof (Real Archaeology, 2017). This “science” was welcomed in the early 1800’s but it has since been refused by most scientists for at least the past 50 or 60 years. Even though we may reject it now,...
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Life is a DNA driven programme and death results from its technical failure. Protein and DNA were evolved naturally from the gas present in the environment of the primitive world. It was the effect of high voltage thunderbolts and asteroid hits on the surface of the earth. Millions of years ago passage of the high voltage energy across the environmental...
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Traditional language manifests essential bonds through cultural identity which shapes ethnic domain and individuality. Communication empowers how ideas are contrived within society because of diversification and its impact on people. In Gloria Anzaldúa’s ruminative essay, How to Tame A Wild Tongue, she emphasizes how language and culture are inseparable and that a native tongue ties in with the identity of...
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Pollution of chicken meat and its products by heavy metals is important for human diet in all over the world because they contribute to solve the global food problems and provide the well-known protein, fat, essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients and they also have a milder flavor which is more readily complemented with flavoring and sauces. Environmental...
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Canning salt, pickling salt, kosher sat, regular salt and Himalayan salt-- which is which? All the salt choices can be quite confusing. This article breaks it down for you so you know exactly which salt jar to reach for depending on your needs! One key ingredient in the process of pickling is salt. Does it matter what kind of salt...
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Introduction Starch is a common polysaccharide, made up of glucose monomers (Serrano and Peralta, 2015). Pancreatic amylase is often the enzyme involved in the digestion of starch (Chegeni et al., 2018). Amylase is also an exoenzyme and facilitates the digestion of dietary carbohydrates (Nifty et al., 2019). Amylase causes conformational changes in starch, resulting in a reduced viscosity, and increased...
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Most of the time, we have always considered that the way we view the world is the same between cultures. There’s up, down, left, right, past, present, and so on. But what if that wasn’t the case? What if the language we were raised speaking changes the way we think, and how we view reality? This is the question posed...
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The purpose of this article is to sensitize the clinical genetics community to the issues of discrimination against children with Down syndrome and their families as discrimination represent economic and social coercion, in order to make attempts to provide non directive prenatal genetic counseling and provide postnatal care and counseling. Down syndrome is a genetic chromosome 21 disorder causing developmental...
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Introduction Human Growth Hormone (HGH) is used medically to treat patients and especially children who suffer from pituitary deficiency. This hormone considered to be a protein which contains a specific molecular weight of 22,000 which is extracted or taken from the human pituitary glands (Dr. David Goeddel, 1979) . It was produced using molecular biological techniques derived from a specific...
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Is your baby getting more than just nutrients and immunities from your breast milk? Heavy metals are the base of so many unwanted conditions. According to WebMD, heavy metal poisoning is rare in the US, however they are all around us in relatively low doses. However, examples such as arsenic in our water or lead in our paint can make...
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Language is one of the most powerful things that we need to survive in this world; without language, we could never be free enough to speak and to express what we want to say in our daily lives without using it. One way we can apply this is by code-switching. Code-switching as a concept is really interesting by definition it...
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Christie Wilcox explains the reasoning behind the common sight of cephalopods representing aliens, in her Quartz article. She explains the different living situations between humans and the tentacled marine animals to point out the ways of how each species thrive are not interchangeable. After reading the passage, it is no stretch to say that octopuses and squids have personalities. Nevertheless,...
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Language wields immense power over humanity. People from all over the world travel great distances with their words. The art of language bridges cultures and borders to bring ideas and messages near and far. However language is not alone in our difference from the animal kingdom. Language belongs to the great distribution of similarities and signatures. Consequently, it must be...
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We imagine that in the future, the human species will expand and learn to live on other worlds, creating life where there was nothing. For years we have thought that it would only be the subject of one’s fantasy, but now, NASA is attempting to make that dream a reality by trying to send a crewed mission to the moon...
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First recognized in 1926, ataxia-telangiectasia, otherwise referred to as AT, is an extremely rare and ineluctably progressive disease which slowly denigrates the nervous system. Ataxia–telangiectasia is an autosomal recessive, caused by mutations in the ataxia–telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM), which is best described as a serine/threonine kinase that activates over two dozen proteins involved in controlling cell growth and division. Individuals...
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Introduction In our IB biology class, we’ve learned about enzymatic reaction and we’ve done the experiment on that unit. The experiment was about the rate of enzymatic reaction of lactosemilk by using an enzyme called lactase at different temperatures. At different temperatures, the rate of reaction changed. I was interested in this topic because there were more factors, not only...
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Intro Ok cool Now raise your hand if you can name the planets in order of closest to farthest from the sun? “Hopefully not many”- remark about how little we know about space or at least care to know. Well that's true in a sense for astronomers as well as they continue to debate our rules about quantum mechanics, how...
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Introduction An experiment was carried out to determine the pH status of beer and wine. Three different techniques to measure the samples status of acid or alkali were used; litmus paper, pH meter and titration. PH is a way of expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. PH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral...
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INTRODUCTION The light from the Sun and the presence of carbon dioxide is crucial in propelling the process of photosynthesis. It is these main factors that plants can grow and expand. However, the threat of climate change will dramatically alter the conditions in which flora can thrive in. Hence forth this experiment is to model and investigate the impacts of...
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Virus-induced-gene-silencing is an approach of reverse genetics that has been successfully used for to study gene fucntion. It is employed at postranscriptional level by taking advantage of plant defence mechanism against parasite infection. Usually, after viral infection, plants produce double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to degrade RNA viruses. By simulating this approach, in VIGS , genes underlying pathogeneic effects on host...
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the absorbance and concentration of two samples (2% milk and almond milk) compared to standard concentrations. The absorbances were found through spectrophotometry of each sample. The result of this test showed that the amount of protein in the 2% milk and almond milk were less than the majority of the standard...
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Introduction Infrared Spectroscopy is the study of matter and its interaction with electromagnetic radiation and it can be used in order to determine the functional group within a sample (2). When infrared light hits a certain molecule it can cause pulling and bending between the bonds present, which also determined the amount of absorbance there is. The intensity of an...
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