INTRODUCTTION Cellular respiration is the food molecules or organic molecules are broken down to harvest chemical energy which is them stored in the chemical bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and all organism need energy to survive and continue their live .There are also occurs in three stages which are glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport. Glycolysis is breakdown of 1 glucose(6C)molecule in a series enzyme catalyzed reactions into 2 molecules of pyruvate (3C).Krebs Cycle is complete the breakdown of pyruvate...
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With the rising importance of enzyme-assisted extraction of essential oil from plant and microbial sources, researchers are now interested in studying the effect of combination of enzyme-assisted extraction and other non-conventional extraction techniques on the extraction of essential oil. Non-conventional techniques such as three-phase partitioning, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction (Gupta et al. 2012). The combination of enzyme-assisted extraction and these techniques can be considered economical as well as an efļ¬cient method to extract essential oil. Enzyme-Assisted...
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There are two focal methods of how we can take a gander at the historical backdrop of a language: remotely ā where, why and by whom the language was used; the political and social variables causing an alteration ā and inside ā the elocution, punctuation, jargon and composed part of the language; the inspirations for adjustment ascending from the structure of the language itself. All dialects experience change, after some time, and there can be numerous unmistakable purposes behind this....
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A language is the method of communication which consist of a set of sounds and written symbols. It is used by the people around the world purposely for talking and writing. It makes the communication even more easier. Different countries all over the world have different languages, however in Papua New Guinea, we also have our own language or the mother tongue. Papua New Guinea is a type of country located at the north of Australia, which is full of...
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Introduction Microbiology refers to the study of microorganisms. As the name suggests, microorganisms are organisms that are so small they can only be seen using a microscope. Bacteria, fungi (such as yeasts and molds), protozoa, viruses, algae, and some parasites are all types of microorganisms. Some people also list prions as microorganisms even though they are proteins and not organisms. These broad areas encompass several specific fields. These fields include: immunology (the study of the immune system and how it...
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Soap comes in many varieties and forms that vary to serve its different purposes such as disinfecting the hands through proper Handwashing with proper duration and friction as skin is always exposed to different foreign influences that allow diverse communities of microorganisms to inhabit and remain in contact to humans that can be very detrimental to health. It is also used in cleaning the hair, and faces to a variety of household chores, such as doing the laundry to remove...
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Introduction Microorganisms have been on planet earth for billion years before us humans have even existed. Some of these microorganisms are helpful to the environment including the plants and animals and us humans. Pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms) are parasites which grow in or out of the hostās body. Microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and protists are harmful to some living organisms because they can cause damage to tissues and eventually causing death (Lewis, et. al., 2002). Viruses for example are...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza continues to be a major public health concern.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in a typical year, 10 to 20 percent of the world's population is infected with influenza, resulting in 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 severe illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths (World Health Organization, 1999). In the United States, there are tens of thousands of deaths each year and the problem will increase due to the aging of the population and the susceptibility of the elderly. Influenza,...
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INTRODUCTION Black Holes Black Holes are stranger than anything dreamed up by science fiction writers. It is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out of it.They have more matter stuffed into least space. They are too compact and has very strong gravity. In other words a Black hole is a region space-time where gravity is so strong that nothing, no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light can escape from it....
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What is Gamification? Gamification is introducing elements of a game to a language learning activity. Game is a form of play that includes game rules, goals, competition, and an element of chance [4]. The main aim of gamification is engaging and motivating students. Basically, the outcome is developing intrinsic motivation by associating learning with fun, and thus enjoyment [3]. Game elements that engage and motivate can be points, badges, levels, leader boards, and challenges [2, p. 21]. Points give students...
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INTRODUCTION Influenza viruses are a virus that infects the respiratory tract of mammals and usually can cause fever, muscle pain, severe headache, sore throat, fatigue, coughing, and weakness. It is the Orthomyxoviridae family of enveloped viruses and a significant cause of respiratory infections worldwide (Bahadoran et al., 2016). It can be transmitted through the air by coughing or sneezing and also from infected birds through their droppings. Other transmissions are through saliva, nasal secretions, faeces, and blood of infected animals....
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Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, about 120 nanometers in diameter. They are susceptible to mutation and recombination and are therefore highly diverse. There are about 40 different varieties and they mainly infect human and non-human mammals and birds. They reside in bats and wild birds, and can spread to other animals and hence to humans. The virus that causes COVID-19 is thought to have originated in bats and then spread to snakes and pangolins and hence to humans, perhaps by...
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Chlamydophila psittaci is a gram-negative commit intracellular bacterium that causes both fundamental disease and pneumonia, regularly alluded to as psittacosis or ornithosis. Once in the past arranged under the genus Chlamydia, C. psittaci is now assembled with C. pneumoniae, C. pecorum, C. abortus, C. caviae, and C. felis in the genus Chlamydophila of the family Chlamydiaceae. This species incorporates six avian serovars, assigned A to F, and two mammalian strains (M56 and WC).2 Sequenced C. psittaci genomes have a solitary...
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Python programming language stands out as a boastful yet simple language in the programming sphere. In my last two years as a programmer, Python has emerged as my go-to programming language whenever I want to complete any task from automation of my spreadsheets, scraping sites and even doing simple school projects such as data analysis. The programming language enjoys huge popularity in the programming community ranking first with a market share of 31.17% (Carbonelle, 2020). So, what makes programmersā hearts...
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Gene Therapy consists of modifying the genes within somatic cells to treat or prevent a disease. The reason this is possible is because genes contain our DNA, which is what decides a huge part of a person and what they look like. When a gene is damaged or missing, it can lead to health issues making gene therapy an option for treatment or prevention. Humans have an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 genes in each cell since we get two copies...
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Introduction Language is an important means of communication. Human beings tend to express their feelings using their words and expressions which are an intermediate for the understanding between the speaker and the listener. In addition to that, the use of speech serves as a tool to communicate feelings, thoughts and ideology, especially in political and social contexts. South Africaās Prime Minister Cyril Ramaphosa delivered a speech concerning the issue of Xenophobia, mainly tackling the discriminatory attitude of citizens towards foreigners...
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ABSTRACT Inter specific hybridization was made between susceptible greengram variety CO 5 and wild Vigna sp. Crossed seeds were raised in field condition for testing the MYMV incidence. F1 showed dominant resistance reaction against MYMV disease incidence. The field growing F2 populations of C0 5 x wild Vigna sp cross produced a wide range of segregant viz., susceptible, parental and intermediate type. In order to understand whether there are R Gene sequences whose products contain NBS and LRR motifs in...
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ABSTARCT Viruses are so tiny; about 20 to 400 nanometers in diameter, billions can fit on the head of a pin. Every 100 years there is a new virus that hit the world, at the end of 2019, an epidemic of cases with unexplained low respiratory infections caused by virus detected in Wuhan, the largest metropolitan area in China, last December has spread to six continents. The virus killed almost 200,000 innocent people and infected about 3 million people. Yes,...
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Introduction Guided tissue regeneration is defined by the glossary of the American Academy of Periodontology: A surgical procedure with the goal of achieving new bone, cementum, and PDL attachment to a periodontally diseased tooth, using barrier devices or membranes to provide space maintenance, epithelial exclusion, and wound stabilization. Guided tissue regeneration aims to compartmentalize or exclude cells from the healing wound to allow for regeneration rather than repair. This concept was first explored by Melcher in 1976 he pointed out...
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Abstract Viruses are a very important topic among technology users, especially computer users. Viruses have many different intended functions. I will be covering virus payloads and what areas these virusesā effect. Data files (delete or collect), spreading across multiple computers, spam email that contains different types of viruses, and viruses that enable backdoor access. Data files is where my focus will be during my research. Every computer has files stored on to them, whether that is personal information or business...
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Introduction COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic involving the vast spread of a type of viruses called the Corona virus. These viruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses having a crown-like appearance when viewed an electron microscope. It belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the Coronaviridae family (order Nidovirales) and is divided into four genera of CoVs: Alphacoronavirus (alphaCoV), Betacoronavirus (betaCoV), Deltacoronavirus (deltaCoV), and Gammacoronavirus (gammaCoV). Then, the betaCoV genus divides into five sub-genera. Genomic studies have proven that bats and rodents are...
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Introduction Ethanol produced from biomass has a significance role in the industry. It was not used in a large quantity until mid of 1970. The sudden increase in the prices of oil made the scientist to switch towards biomass ethanol production and as a result of that ethanol engines are 15% more efficient then other engines. Characteristics of ethanol as a renewable fuel Lead additives to gasoline were reduced through the 1980s as the amount of ethanol blended in the...
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A genome is a segment of DNA that provide the instruction for making specific proteins, which contains the information of a personās body. A genome information is needed to maintain and build the organism throughout the life. Itās impacts are shown through a personās hair, eyes, skin, and more. Additionally, the more principle role of the genome is it can influence a personās risk of developing diseases and responses to medications. The half of the genome comes from a biological...
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What if every science book became outdated at the same time. The long thought constant that there are eight planets in our solar system could be wrong. A completely theoretical ninth planet may lie at the edge of our solar system. This theory all originated in 2017 when scientists absorbed that some asteroids in the Kuiper belt were orbiting the wrong direction(Sako). The only thing that they could think of is that there is a planet looming at the edge...
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Today's content is all about dialects and accents, and what makes them totally unique to one another. This is a subject that many people struggle with, so we want to show you how to make full sense of it. A 'dialect' and an 'accent' is something that we all use every day to help form a normal part of our communication. An accent is usually a little easier to detect and understand than the other, (a dialect.) We're going to...
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What Is Corona Viruse (COVID-19) Corona viruses are a wide group of viruses that in animals and humans may cause disease. Corona viruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans ranging from mild colds to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Since being first identified in southern China in 2002, 26 countries continued to be affected, resulting in more than 8,000 cases and 774 deaths. The Coronavirus which was recently...
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When considering attending college, there are many questions to be asked. For some it may be as simple as, where should I go? For others, there are a multitude of questions. Can I afford college? Am I too young? What do I want to major in? It is not an easy choice, and the decision will affect your life for years, in some cases decades to come. Many students are not decided on majors or even the idea of college,...
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Introduction Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is red-brown odorless crystal, stable in air but photosensitive so it should be protected from light, also small amount of moisture with light is enough to photodegrade sodium nitroprusside. Beside the photodegradation, sodium nitroprusside undergoes many reactions which some of them are undefined, or it yields Prussian blue, cyanic acid and nitric oxide [1,2]. Sodium nitroprusside is a strong, rapidly acting hypotensive agent in the emergencies, heart failure and for controlled hypotension during surgery. It is...
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Introduction EFL is the place the educator instructs English to students in a nation where English isn't the local language. For instance, a Chinese understudy learning English in China would fall under this class, (William, 2009). Since the commencement of showing dialects, a few distinctive training approaches and procedures have been attempted and tried with some being more famous and compelling than others. The purpose of takeoff here is that to advance correspondence and understanding, it is important to know...
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Over the years, the evolution of technology has made significant changes to the education landscape in Singapore. This advancement has brought about the usage of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in classrooms. This effort by the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prepare students for the digital future is part of the fourth Masterplan of ICT in education. Teachers are now aided with Information and Communications Technology (ICT) which are technological devices such as software programmes, Ipads, learning portals online in...
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